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1.
近十年来对锆石研究已从早期的U-Pb放射性同位素定年和锆石同位素分析,发展到大量研究锆石的微量元素。锆石微量元素不仅可以作为锆石Ti温度计估算岩浆温度,也可以用来识别锆石及其母岩的岩石类型和成因,区分岩浆熔体或者流体控制的岩浆作用、变质作用、成矿作用等深部作用过程。文中在归纳总结岩浆锆石、变质锆石、热液锆石、碎屑锆石等不同类型锆石的微量元素成分基础上,以青藏高原碰撞后超钾质岩石中产出的锆石为例,系统介绍了超钾质岩石中各类锆石的结构、年龄和微量元素特征,并应用于解释超钾质岩石成因、岩浆源区成分、岩浆演化和上部地壳物质的混染、下地壳加厚和高原隆升之间的关系。 相似文献
2.
长白山火山活动历史、岩浆演化与喷发机制探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
广义的长白山火山在我国境内包括著名的天池火山、望天鹅火山、图们江火山和龙岗火山,是我国最大的第四纪火山岩分布区。图们江火山和望天鹅火山活动都始于上新世,喷发活动分别介于上新世—中更新世（5.5~0.19 Ma）和上新世—早更新世（4.77 ~2.12 Ma）。天池火山和龙岗火山属于第四纪火山,喷发活动从早更新世（~2 Ma）持续到全新世。图们江火山岩为溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩,望天鹅火山、天池火山和龙岗火山母岩浆都是钾质粗面玄武岩,但经历了不同的演化过程。天池火山和望天鹅火山都经历了钾质粗面玄武岩造盾、粗面岩造锥和晚期碱性酸性岩浆（碱流岩和碱性流纹岩）的喷发;龙岗火山来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆则未经演化和混染直接喷出地表。图们江火山岩以溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩为主,少量玄武质粗安岩等。天池火山造盾之后,地壳岩浆房和地幔岩浆房具互动式喷发特点,来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆一方面在天池火山锥体内外形成诸多小火山渣锥,另一方面持续补给地壳岩浆房发生岩浆分离结晶作用和混合作用,分别导致双峰式火山岩分布特征和触发千年大喷发。火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪揭示,长白山东（图们江火山、望天鹅火山和天池火山）、西（龙岗火山）两区显示地幔非均一性,东区岩浆源区具有软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔混合特征,西区岩浆源区具有相对亏损的较原始地幔特征。西太平洋板块俯冲—东北亚大陆弧后引张是长白山火山活动的动力学机制。 相似文献
3.
长白山区二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用岩石化学和同位素分析方法,研究了二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因。玄武质熔岩由钠质拉斑玄武岩和钾质粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩组成。它们的REE分配形式比较相近,表明它们来自共同的源区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪表明,二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩岩浆源区接近于似原始地幔。它们的Mg#=100Mg O/(Mg O+Fe O)低于中国东部新生代玄武岩原始岩浆的Mg#(60~68),Ni(27.76×10-6~200.6×10-6)低于原始地幔,Rb/Sr(0.05~0.09)、Ba/Rb(15.64~264)高于原始地幔,说明这些岩石不是源自原始地幔。玄武质熔岩的DI变化于42~67,具有高Ca、高Sr、Eu正异常,微量元素图解显示玄武岩保留部分熔融趋势,粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗安岩具有结晶分异趋势,岩浆上升过程中发生了不同程度的地壳混染作用。玄武质熔岩的Nb/Ta之比为14.8~15.8,与勘察加半岛深俯冲带火山类似。Nb/Ta-(Na2O-K2O)关系图解显示研究区玄武质岩浆的形成与俯冲板片的部分熔融有关。 相似文献
4.
中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学：Ⅰ.主元素和微量元素组成：岩石成因… 总被引：17，自引：8，他引：17
所研究的玄武岩包括拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、苦橄粗玄岩和钾质玄武岩。主元素和微量元素的组成变化表明，中国东部玄武岩既是不同深度地幔部分熔融的产物，又经历了岩浆结晶分层作用。强不相容元素比值的变化特征显然与岩石圈地幔交代作用有关。软流圈地幔的上涌并导致上覆不均一的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融是形成中国东部新生代玄武岩的主要机制。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原北部黑石北湖新生代钾质火山岩的成因 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
昆仑岩带新生代钾质火山活动是青藏高原北缘深部动力学过程的重要记录。有关岩浆源区的性质和岩浆产生的机制一直存在较大的认识分歧。阐述了昆仑岩带黑石北湖钾质火山岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,并与西昆仑康西瓦和泉水沟新生代火山岩进行了成因对比分析。研究表明,昆仑火山岩带玄武质岩石的K2O和Na2O含量变化较大,从钠质过渡到钾质,硅碱图显示玄武质初始岩浆向钾质安粗岩方向演化。黑石北湖火山岩的高场强元素和Sr、Nd同位素组成显示岩浆源区具有EMⅡ的性质。岩石LREE的强烈富集和HREE的强烈分馏指示岩浆来自富集型含石榴子石地幔源区。不相容元素K/Nb、Ba/La等比值具有岛弧火山岩与OIB型玄武岩的过渡特征,指示源区为曾遭受软流圈流（熔）体交代的古俯冲地幔楔。 相似文献
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7.
岩浆分离结晶成因岩浆岩微量元素丰度公式的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了微量元素丰度研究在国內外的现状、存在问题及解决途径。在攀西地区米易白马层状基性、超基性岩体及相邻玄武岩系研究的基础上,提出了对于岩浆分离结晶成因岩浆岩微量元素丰度所遵守的通式,即分离结晶成因岩浆岩微量元素丰度互呈幂函数关系。并讨论了两种元素含量关系的几种基本形式。人们能够以此定性和定量地探索一系列有关岩石成因的具体问题。 相似文献
8.
贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文主要从大地构造环境、煌斑岩的空间分布及其硫同位素、微量元素和稀土元素组成等方面,探讨贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因.结果表明,煌斑岩与周围的壳型花岗岩不同源,形成煌斑岩的原始岩浆,应为幔源大陆拉斑玄武岩浆。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40～30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30～24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25～12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40～28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35～34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30～24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
富钾贫钙岩浆的成因探讨——来自岩石失水熔融实验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钾质-超钾质岩浆按CaO与MgO的含量和CaO与Mg#值的关系可划分出贫钙和富钙两种不同类型的原生岩浆.针对贫钙钾质-超钾质岩浆的成因问题,作者系统分析了岩石脱水熔融和失水熔融两种体系中岩石的熔融过程和熔体性质,通过对熔体组成与贫钙钾质岩浆成分的对比分析,提出富钾贫钙岩浆的断裂减压脱水熔融机制. 相似文献
11.
A geochemical study of magmatism associated with the initial stages of back-arc spreading 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Stephen D. Weaver Andrew D. Saunders Robert J. Pankhurst John Tarney 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,68(2):151-169
Bransfield Strait is a narrow basin separating the South Shetland Islands from the Antarctic Peninsula and is attributed to recent back-arc extension behind the South Shetland volcanic arc. The volcanic islands of Deception and Bridgeman are situated close to the axis of spreading, whereas Penguin Island lies slightly to the north of this axis. The mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the lavas of the three volcanoes have been studied in order to provide information on the nature of magmatism associated with the initial stages of back-arc spreading.Deception Island lavas range from olivine basalt to dacite, and all are highly sodic, with high Na/K, K/Rb, Ba/Rb and Zr/Nb ratios and with CeN/YbN = 2. Incompatible elements increase systematically between basalt and rhyodacite, while Sr decreases, suggesting that fractional crystallisation is the dominant process relating lava compositions. The rhyodacites have high concentrations of Zr, Y and the REE and negative Eu anomalies and are compositionally similar to oceanic plagiogranite. Bridgeman Island lavas are mostly basaltic andesites, but the levels of many incompatible elements, including REE, are significantly lower than those of Deception lavas, although CeN/YbN ratios and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7035) are the same. Penguin Island lavas are magnesian, mildly alkaline olivine basalts with a small range of composition that can be accommodated by fractional crystallisation of olivine, clinopyroxene and/or chromite. Penguin lavas have higher 87Sr/86Sr (0.7039) and CeN/ YbN (4) ratios than Deception and Bridgeman lavas. The Rb/Sr ratios of Deception and Penguin basalts (ca. 0.01) are much too low to account for their present 87Sr/86Sr ratios.Modelling suggests that the source regions of the lavas of the three volcanoes share many geochemical features, but there are also some significant differences, which probably reflects the complex nature of the mantle under an active island arc combined with complex melting relationships attending the initial stages of back-arc spreading. Favoured models suggest that Bridgeman lavas represent 10–20% melting and the more primitive Deception lavas 5–10% melting of spinel-peridotite, whereas Penguin lavas represent less then 5% melting of a garnet-peridotite source. The mantle source for Bridgeman lavas seems to have undergone short-term enrichment in K, Rb and Ba, possibly resulting from dewatering of the subducted slab. Hydrous melting conditions may also account for the more siliceous, high-alumina nature and low trace element contents of Bridgeman lavas. 相似文献
12.
白银厂矿田玄武岩地球化学特征及其形成地质环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
白银厂矿田玄武岩主要由玄武岩和碱性玄武岩组成 ,其中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列和拉斑系列 ,碱性玄武岩属于钾质碱性玄武岩系列和钠质碱性玄武岩系列。相对于N -MORB ,本区钙碱性系列和拉斑系列玄武岩明显富集Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而亏损Ti;碱性系列玄武岩高度富集K、Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而Ti、Zr、Ce相对亏损 ,表明该区玄武岩的形成与板块俯冲作用有关。钙碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列玄武岩具有低的REE含量和亏损的LREE配分型式 ,表明它是由LREE亏损和HREE略有富集的地幔部分熔融形成 ;碱性系列玄武岩的REE含量和 (La/Yb) N 比值高 ,LREE和HREE的分馏程度较高 ,表明其形成于演化的岩浆 ,可能来自于富集LREE的地幔源区或地幔橄榄岩较低程度的熔融。痕量元素地球化学特征表明 ,本区玄武岩应是与板块俯冲作用有关的地幔部分熔融形成 ,成岩环境为火山弧环境 ,是岛弧向成熟岛弧转化过程中的产物。 相似文献
13.
大别造山带前陆阳新盆地古近纪玄武岩地球化学特征与成因研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大别造山带前陆阳新盆地古近纪玄武岩的成分从石英拉斑玄武质到橄榄拉斑玄武质,以相对较高的大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Th、U等)丰度和弱到中等亏损高场强元素(Nb和Ta)为特征,岩石地球化学的总体特征类似于初始裂谷的拉斑玄武岩,而与大陆拉斑玄武岩所表现出的强烈亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta的地球化学特征明显不同。该拉斑玄武质岩浆喷发前曾经历过较小程度(约4．5％)的以橄榄石为主的矿物分离结晶,玄武岩的母岩浆则是源区物质经过约15％的部分熔融形成的,源区物质可能包含了来自下地幔的FOZO和富集型大陆岩石圈地幔两种组分。大别造山带内及前、后陆地区古近纪拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征具有可比性,意味着随着大别造山带山根的拆沉,来自下地幔的FOZO岩浆(可能以地幔柱的形式)上涌,对大陆岩石圈的地幔部分发生了大规模的改造,使得原性质明显不同的两大岩石圈地幔在会聚带附近其地球化学分区性变得模糊。所形成的玄武岩总体具有较多的FOZO特征,但(除造山带内部)也不同程度地保留有岩石圈地幔的性质。 相似文献
14.
The Miocene Kitami rhyolite, consisting of orthopyroxene and plagioclase-phyric lavas and dikes, occurs on the back-arc side of the Kuril arc with coeval basalts and Fe-rich andesites. Temperatures estimated from orthopyroxene–ilmenite pairs exceed 900°C. Although the whole rock compositions of the Kitami rhyolite correspond to S-type granites (i.e., high K, Al, large ion lithophile elements, and low Ca and Sr), Sr–Nd isotope compositions are remarkably primitive, and similar to those of the coeval basalts and andesites. They are distinct from those of lower crustal metamorphic rocks exposed in the area. Comparison of chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns between the rhyolite and the basalts and andesites show that the rhyolite is more light REE enriched, but has similar heavy REE contents than the basalts. All rhyolites show negative Eu anomalies. The geochemical data suggest that did not formed by simple dehydration melting of basaltic rocks or fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas. The features of slab-derived fluids expected from recent high pressure experimental studies indicates that mantle wedge is partly metasomatized with “rhyolitic” materials from subducted slabs; it is more likely that very low degree partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge formed the rhyolite magma. 相似文献
15.
对四川青川县鹰咀山花岗岩岩体进行了系统的地球化学研究,重点讨论了岩体的岩石学、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征及其构造环境。该岩体SiO2含量变化范围67.50%~70.21%,A/CNK值在0.77~1.05。为硅饱和类型,部分铝过饱和类型,属准铝质至过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量为206.44~412.63×10-6,轻重稀土分异程度差别较大(La/Yb=36.59~53.48),稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.67~0.84),富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba、K,亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、P、Ti,与正常壳源钙碱性花岗岩相比,显示出更高的Mg#(多数45)和Sr/Y比值(30.25~64.85),表明鹰咀山岩体为较高分异的I型花岗岩,形成于火山弧构造环境,可能是底侵的幔源岩浆与下地壳熔融产物混合的结果。 相似文献
16.
Contemporaneous Convergent Margin and Intraplate Magmatism, North Island, New Zealand 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A convergent margin magma series with characteristic low Nband Ta abundances and enrichments in alkalis and alkaline earthsis intercalated with typical intraplate alkalic basalts in aback-arc setting, 200–250 km above the Wadati-Benioffzone on the North Island, New Zealand. These two contrastingmagma types, together with late-stage K-rich maflc lavas, wereerupted over a short time period (1{dot}60–2{dot}74 Ma)and constitute the Alexandra Volcanics. Field relationshipsindicate that these diverse magma types were contemporaneous,and thus their mantle source regions coexisted, in a singletectonic environment. The convergent margin magma series forms a linear chain of stratovolcanoesaligned at right angles to the present subduction zone. Closed-systempolybaric fractional crystallization models can explain theevolution from ankaramites to transitional olivine basalts toolivine tholeiites to high-Al basalts to medium- and high-Kandesites. The most primitive lavas have geochemical (high LIL/LREEand LIL/HFS element ratios) and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositionstypical of convergent margin magmas. Calculated source compositionssuggest that three components are involved: a MORB component,a component derived from subducted oceanic crust, and a contributionfrom subducted sediments. The alkalic basalts occur as dispersed monogenetic volcanoesand are intercalated with the larger convergent margin stratovolcanocs.These basalts are enriched in LILE, LREE, Nb, and Ta, and havelow Ba/Nb and Ba/La ratios, all of which are characteristicof ocean island (intraplate) basalts (OIBs). Their relativelyhigh Nd (+5{dot}5 and low 87Sr/86Sr(0{dot}703l–0{dot}7036)are also typical of OIBs. These alkalic magmas were derivedfrom the underlying continental lithospheric mantle that hasbeen enriched by upward-migrating silica-undersaturated melts,probably including volatiles, from the low- velocity zone. Asubducted slab component is not required to account for theirincompatible element enriched character. The K-rich mafic lavas, basanites, and absarokites are volumetricallyminor and cap the largest of the stratovolcanoes, Pirongia.The basanites have geochemical and isotopic compositions whichsuggest they are mixtures of multiple source components, includingthe alkalic and convergent margin region. 相似文献
17.
“三江”古特提斯地幔热柱——洋中脊玄武岩证据 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
“三江”特提斯巨型造山带由４条板块缝合带和夹于其间的微陆块和弧地体构成。在古特提斯洋闭合而成的澜沧江和金沙江缝合带内，均发育典型的蛇绿岩－蛇绿混杂岩和洋岛玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）组合。ＯＩＢ集中产出于大洋的特定区段（２２０－２４０Ｎ──澜沧江洋；２４０－２７０Ｎ──金沙江洋），形成于洋壳（ＭＯＲＢ）顶部，并被浅水碳酸盐岩覆盖，ＯＩＢ主要岩石类型为苦橄玄武岩、夏威夷岩和钾质粗面玄武岩，三者具特定的空间配置与时间演变规律。根据三江地区ＯＩＢ时空展布规律、岩石组合特点、岩石地球化学特征、源岩化学估算及热幔柱实验成果，提出早古生代时期的澜沧江洋和金沙江洋岩石围下方分别出现地幔热拉，其直径约２００－２５０ｋｍ，具特定的不同于周围地幔的热－化学结构。地幔热柱的尾柱区高热物质熔融，产生苦橄质或苦橄玄武质熔浆，地幔热拉上涌，其冠形头部与周围地幔“混杂”而具化学分带，该区物质熔融，产生富Ｎａ和富Ｋ质ＯＩＢ。 相似文献
18.
J. C. Bailey T. I. Frolova I. A. Burikova 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,102(3):265-280
Whole-rock (major- and trace-element) and mineral chemical data are presented for basaltic rocks from the main evolutionary stages of the Kurile island arc, NW Pacific. An outer, inactive arc contains a Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary sequence of tholeiitic, calcalkaline and shoshonitic basalts. The main arc (Miocene-Quaternary) is dominated by weakly tholeiitic, with lesser, alkalic basalts. The mineralogy of Kuriles basalts is characterised by An-rich plagioclases, a continuous transition from chromites to titanomagnetites, pyroxenes with low Fe3+ contents and without strong Fe-enrichment, abundance of groundmass pigeonites and the absence of amphiboles. There is an increase in K2O contents both along-arc (northwards) and towards the reararc side. The basalts show an exceptionally wide but continuous range of K2O contents (0.1–4.7%) which correlate with other LIL element contents. Tholeiitic basalts with low LIL element contents, La/Yb and Th/U, but high K/ Rb, P2O5/La and Zr/Nb were derived from depleted, lherzolitic mantle which had suffered fluid metasomatism by K, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Pb and H2O only. Alkali basalts are also thought to be derived from depleted mantle but melt metasomatism involved addition of all LIL elements to a garnet lherzolite mantle. The Kuriles basalts and their mantle sources range continuously between these two end-member compositions. The metasomatic fluids/melts were probably released by early dehydration and later melting within subducted oceanic lithosphere though the process is not adequately constrained. 相似文献
19.
本文对在峨眉山玄武岩省中新发现的苦橄质岩石及其共生玄武岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明,除苦橄质岩石外,与其共生的玄武质岩石均属高Ti玄武岩。其主要元素特征与大多数大陆溢流玄武岩省相似,表现为高Fe_8、(CaO/Al_2O_3)_8和低Na_8,指示其形成压力高;其稀土和微量元素配分曲线相似,表现为轻稀土富集、高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损,并且不存在Nb、Ta的负异常,而存在P和K的相对亏损。一些反映源区特征的比值,如La/Ta、La/Sm、(La/Nb)_(PM)、(Th/Ta)_(PM),Ta/Hf,Nb/Zr等,变化范围小,均指示了其地幔柱成因,且上升过程中很少或没有受到岩石圈地幔或地壳物质的混染,是石榴子石二辉橄榄岩在>75km时经大约7％的部分熔融的产物。而地幔柱的轴部位置可能位于现今云南丽江县城一带。 相似文献
20.
Ultrapotassic basaltic lavas erupted 3.4–3.6 m.y. ago(K/Ar) in the central Sierra Nevada and originated by partialmelting of a phlogopite-enriched, garnet-bearing upper mantlesource. Ultrapotassic basanites (K2O: 5–9 per cent), whichare spatially related to contemporaneous potassic olivine basalts(K2O: 3–5 per cent) and alkali olivine basalts (K2O: 1–3per cent), contain the K2O-bearing minerals phlogopite, sanidine,and leucite as well as olivine, diopside, apatite, magnetite,and pseudobrookite. The presence and modal abundance of theK2O-bearing minerals closely reflects the east to west increasein K2O throughout the basaltic suite. Many lines of evidence support the derivation of the ultrapotassicbasanites and the related basalts from an upper mantle source:TiO2 in phlogopite phenocrysts and groundmass crystals, 2–3and 7–9 per cent respectively, support phlogopite phenocrystcrystallization at high pressure, whole rock Mg values (100Mg/Mg + 0.85 Fe) range from 66–78, phlogopite-rich pyroxeniticand periodotitic nodules are included in some flows, and geobarometriccalculations indicate depths of generation at 100–125km. Also, model calculations show that the major, rare earth,and trace elements, except for Ba, Rb, and Sr, can be accuratelygenerated by 1.0–2.5 per cent melting of a phiogopite-and garnet-bearing clinopyroxene-rich upper mantle source. Partialmelting occurred after a general upper mantle enrichment beneaththe Sierra Nevada, the phlogopite- and clinopyroxene-rich sourceof the ultrapotassic lavas being the extreme result of the enrichmentprocess. Clinopyroxene enrichment of the upper mantle probablyoccurred by introduction of a partial melting fraction intothe upper mantle source areas. Enrichment of the upper mantlein the alkali and alkali-earth elements was not accomplishedby a partial melt, but resulted from influx of a fluid phaserich in Ba, K, Rb, Sr, and, probably, H2O The continuous rangein K2O of the erupted lavas implies that the upper mantle enrichmentis a cumulative process. The inverse relationship in the SierraNevada between uplift and the K2O content of the erupted basaltsimplies that a critical relationship may exist between upliftand upper mantle enrichment. 相似文献