共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Ian MacLachlan 《The Australian geographer》2013,44(4):383-400
The Kwinana Industrial Area is nearing its 60th anniversary as a resource-processing industrial cluster. Its longevity may be understood in the traditional terms of industrial inertia resulting from three types of agglomeration economies: localisation, transfer, and urbanisation economies. However, industrial ecology provides an alternative approach to describe the environmental impacts of interplant linkages: utility/infrastructure sharing, supply-chain synergies, by-product exchanges, and joint provision of services. The agglomeration economies and industrial symbiosis approaches to clustering are compared using interplant relationships drawn from the case of Kwinana. 相似文献
2.
论我国沿海地区的海陆经济一体化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
在给定了海洋产业概念的基础上,重点论述了海域自然基础的特殊性,海洋产业结构与陆域产业结构的差异,并从技术和陆域产业向海洋延伸的可能性等方面分析了海洋产业和陆域产业间形成差异的原因;在海岸带地区由海洋生态系统和陆域生态系统所形成的复合生态系统是海陆产业联系的自然基础,而海洋产业对陆域的技术和空间上的依赖则决定了海陆经济一体化的必然性;最后,作者从发展临海产业,海陆统一规划和协调海陆生态系统等三方面论 相似文献
3.
在分析晋江市区域经济发展现状后，总结区域经济竞争力的基本状况，在此基础上就产业集群竞争力、产业的技术创新能力提升区域经济竞争力。 相似文献
4.
Glen Searle 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(2):145-169
This paper examines the claim that the North Ryde–North Sydney arc is Australia's ‘Silicon Valley’, seeking firstly to identify the empirical validities behind the claim, and secondly to ask how the documented patterns might be explained. The paper evidences the fact that this area indeed provides the pre-eminent site for Australia's information technology and telecommunications (ITT) sector. However, examination of this industry suggests that its expansion in Sydney has been motivated primarily by the increasing centrality of advanced producer services within the high-order business sector. It is Sydney's attributes for multinational business, as opposed to the propulsive dynamics of local clustering per se, which appears to explain the spatial concentration of these activities. Thus, it is the urbanisation economies of Sydney more than the localisation economies of the ITT sector which account for the growth of this sector in the city. Nevertheless, localisation economies are sporadically significant, suggesting that Sydney's ITT sector is to a certain extent a hybrid product of the two types of economies. 相似文献
5.
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):2-15
The objective of this article is to situate the development of unplanned settlements in the newly planned city of Navi Mumbai (New Bombay) in terms of the increasing contradictions in global interconnectedness experienced by the larger Mumbai (Bombay) metropolitan region. The article distinguishes between a global and a local economy operating in the urban region. Using the governance approach to urban poverty in Third World cities, it highlights the complex spatial patterning of the local economy, which is comprised of nonpermanent shelters of a floating migrant population, permanent slums and shanties and villages that predate the new city. What is stressed is that the "poor" do not constitute a homogeneous interest group but are separated among other factors by their residential status and length of stay in the city. Second, both patron-client relations as well as activism are used as strategies to garner a livelihood and shelter in the new city. 相似文献
6.
Retail and wholesale enterprise among ethnic groups in core and peripheral urban centers: the late-nineteenth-century United States 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Robert L. Boyd 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):454-470
Ethnic entrepreneurs often benefit from reciprocal relationships, such as buyer–supplier linkages, among co-ethnic businesses. The present study extends this insight, analyzing census data on the relationship between ethnic enterprise in the retail trade and co-ethnic enterprise in the wholesale trade in urban centers of core and peripheral regions of the late-nineteenth-century United States. As expected, this relationship varied markedly by ethnicity and region. For some groups (e.g., Russians), co-ethnic retail and wholesale enterprises were positively related on the periphery but not in the core; conversely, for other groups (e.g., Irish), co-ethnic retail and wholesale enterprises were positively related in the core but not on the periphery. The results imply that reciprocal relationships among co-ethnic businesses are significantly affected by variation in the characteristics of local opportunity structures across urban-regional locations. 相似文献
7.
Mimi Sheller 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(2):189-203
The Caribbean region is being respatialized, rescaled and reterritorialized in the face of contemporary processes of neoliberal development, shifting mobilities and spatial restructuring. Drawing on the field of mobilities research, this paper argues that new transregional approaches to spatial dynamics are needed to describe the complex, polymorphic, and multiscalar geographies in the neoliberalizing Caribbean. It first analyzes how new spatializations of Caribbean mobilities are part of larger transnational processes of urban restructuring. It then examines how neoliberalizing policies have promoted the 'opening' of once publicly owned infrastructures such as ports, airports, and telecommunications, contributing to a rescaling of Caribbean territoriality. Finally it considers how tourism mobilities associated with the cruise ship industry and private luxury property developments facilitate interlocality competition and outside access to the region while circumscribing local access and mobility rights. The paper proposes a postcolonializing island studies that recognizes the complexity of contemporary Caribbean rescaling and the subtle ways in which modernized built environments and infrastructures of mobility and connectivity contribute to the weakening of island-state sovereignty, territorial integrity and democratic citizenship. 相似文献
8.
国家创新系统研究中地理学的视角* 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
促进知识经济发展的关键是建立和完善国家创新系统,而创新系统中知识流动的效率是解释国家创新能力高低最重要的指标。高新技术企业和知识的生产和传播者在空间上的集聚现象说明知识的流动是一个空间过程。从创新系统的区域层次性、知识流动的区位效应以及知识创新的区域分工等现象中,可以看到从地理学角度研究国家创新系统的切入点。 相似文献
9.
产业空间集聚及其效应的研究进展 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
产业的空间集聚是经济活动最突出的地理特征, 也是一个世界性的经济现象。产业集聚 一直是经济地理学、区域经济学、管理学等相关学科研究的主要问题之一, 特别是20 世纪90 年 代以来, 产业集聚成为经济学和地理学的热点课题。本文重点回顾了产业区位论、新产业区理论 以及新经济地理理论等对产业集聚的理论阐述。并从产业集聚的影响因素和产业集聚效应两个 方面综述了近年来国内外有关产业集聚的实证研究, 突出了要素禀赋、外部性、规模经济等在产 业集聚形成过程中的重要作用, 并指出了产业集聚形成后对产业区位、产业增长以及区域经济增 长产生的影响。最后对国内产业集聚研究现状进行了总结。 相似文献
10.
集聚经济、外资溢出效应与中国汽车企业效率 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
随着中国汽车产业的迅速发展,目前已经形成东北、长三角、湖北十堰—武汉、重庆市、珠三角和京津地区六大汽车企业集聚区,集聚经济和外商直接投资显著影响我国汽车企业效率。本文以2004年中国2160个汽车企业为研究对象,分别考察集聚经济和外商直接投资对中国汽车企业效率的影响,结果表明,内部规模经济、城市化经济和地方化经济能显著提升汽车企业效率,汽车企业规模越大、相同产业或相近产业的集聚越能有效促进汽车企业共享基础设施、劳动力市场和信息资源,增进企业的上下游联系,从而提高生产效率。外商直接投资对汽车企业的影响较为复杂,一方面,城市实际利用外资总额对我国汽车企业效率没有显著影响,另一方面城市汽车业外资对本地汽车企业没有显著的溢出效应,但对本地汽车生产企业有较明显的溢出。 相似文献
11.
Catherine Phillips 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(2):169-184
This article draws upon recent geographical work on assemblage to reconsider how we understand alternative food economies. In particular it brings attention to the devices upon which these economies rely—specifically plastics. Since the mid-twentieth century, plastics have developed close and complex relations with our agrifood systems; they facilitate commodity valuation and product circulation worldwide but are also recognised as problematic due to their environmental and human health impacts. Despite this paradox and the attention plastics increasingly receive, we know little of their relations with alternative food initiatives (AFIs). How do plastics inhabit alternative food economies? What associations and circulations become performed? What do these markets look like from a device-oriented perspective? To address these questions, the paper draws on fieldwork undertaken in Brisbane (Australia) with two AFIs—a weekly organic market and an online box program/wholesaler. Using visualisation and an assemblage approach discloses the presences, flows, functions, and tensions of plastics in AFIs. In this way, plastics are revealed but also act to reveal alternative food economies. This analysis steps away from evaluations of AFIs’ (in)effective challenge to neoliberalisation to consider them as complex, processual, sometimes ambivalent efforts that not only distribute ‘good food’ but engage in important ways with things like plastics. 相似文献
12.
Luca Salvati Agostino Ferrara Francesco Chelli 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2018,118(1):56-71
Urban forms are increasingly reflective of socio-economic change in metropolitan regions. The present study illustrates an original approach to identify latent mechanisms of urban growth through the analysis of metropolitan spatial structures and their proximate drivers of change. Urban transformations are evaluated here using built-up patches as the elementary analysis unit and background socio-economic attributes at four stages of the “city life cycle” (urbanization, suburbanization, dis-urbanization, re-urbanization). Regression models based on 13 indicators assessing urban patch area and shape, nearest neighbour urban patch area and shape, elevation, distance from 5 urban centres, 2 road infrastructures and sea coastline, were run with the aim to investigate direction and intensity of metropolitan growth in post-war Athens (1948–2012), a southern European city shifting from a compact mono-centric form towards discontinuous urban structures. Mono-centric configurations were characterized by linear dependence of urban patch size from the distance to central cities. Shifts toward scattered urban forms were associated with changes in the multivariate relationship between urban patch size and territorial drivers, pointing out the increased complexity of dispersed metropolitan structures. Our approach integrates economic and ecological visions of urban landscapes and contributes to understanding long-term mechanisms of metropolitan growth under dynamic spatial equilibriums. Investigating the multiple relationships between form and functions at the base of socio-economic transformations are relevant issues when identifying and profiling urbanization cycles. 相似文献
13.
中国制造业的地理集聚与形成机制 总被引：27，自引：4，他引：23
基于第一次经济普查资料,深入探讨了中国制造业的地理格局。通过计算不同地理尺度下的制造业产业分布基尼系数和Moran's I 系数,发现中国制造业高度聚集在珠三角、长三 角以及环渤海地区,在华北、东北、四川以及两湖地区有一些连片分布;空间尺度越小,产业划分越细,制造业在空间上越集中,省市县尺度的产业地理集中程度显著相关。基于比较 优势、全球化和制度分权以及集聚经济等相关理论,本文构建了考察影响产业地理集聚因素 的计量模型。统计分析表明,由于接近资源优势,农产品投入较多的产业较分散,金属矿物投入较多的产业较为集中,非金属矿物依赖性产业在四位数层次集中,在三位数层级显著分散。利用外资和参与国际贸易有利于产业地理集聚,区域分权促使制造业分散布局,在省级 层次尤为显著。集聚经济显著推动制造业地理集聚,但在县级层次更为重要。高技能劳动力比重较高和外部科研力量依赖性产业则较为分散,产业联系没能促进中国产业的地理集聚, 可能与地方保护和模仿政策等反市场力量有关。研究表明,空间尺度和经济转轨引致的制度变化对于理解中国制造业地理格局非常重要。 相似文献
14.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):662-682
Complementary and alternative medical approaches such as chiropractic, massage, acupuncture, holistic, and naturopathic therapies act as complements to, and in some cases replacements for, conventional medical techniques. The growing acceptance of the benefits of "traditional" medicine in the Canadian province of Ontario continues to provide complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners with business opportunities, but to date little attention has been directed toward the spatial patterns exhibited by these operations. A province-wide database of 4,599 records, containing addresses and selected characteristics (e.g., sales, employment) of CAM offices, is utilized to describe the geographic pattern across Ontario. An additional database allows for the assessment of four intermediate-sized census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Ontario (Kingston, Guelph, Thunder Bay, and Greater Sudbury), and it is determined (using a general nearest neighbor analysis and a nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering procedure) that CAM offices are significantly clustered in specific portions of each CMA. The results from a survey administered to CAM practitioners suggests that the benefits of urbanization economies are biasing location decisions within these CMAs, and that localization economies advantages appear to be influencing complementary and alternative healthcare specialists to share offices. 相似文献
15.
借助SPSS 16.0和Arc GIS 10.0软件,分析国家级经济技术开发区(经开区)经济规模与空间格局演变及形成机制。研究结果表明:(1)东多西少、东密西疏、沿长江和沿海呈"π字型"密集分布是国家级经开区空间分布的基本格局。(2)全国范围看,国家级经开区经济规模在城市间和三大区域间的差异持续减小,但区域内部差异增减变化的情况不一。(3)全国国家级经开区的绝对经济规模体系由"倒梨型"发展为"纺锤型",但规模等级空间分布格局较为稳定;相对经济规模等级体系呈现为中部不断变粗的"纺锤型",极高和极低区在空间上发生东西倒置。(4)国家级经开区规模等级体系的变化,从侧面反映出中国区域发展的均衡程度在不断提高。(5)区位、开发区所处发展阶段、城市经济水平和产业结构特征、区域政策和全国性产业转移是近年来影响国家级经开区经济规模的主要因素。(6)未来中西部地区的国家级经开区将迅速发展,引起经济规模空间分异格局的相应变化。 相似文献
16.
县域特色产业形成和演化机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
培育壮大县域特色产业是中国统筹区域城乡发展的战略重点之一, 研究县域特色产业也是区域可持续发展研究的重要内容。本文从理论视角、热点领域、研究方法3 个方面对近年来县域特色产业研究的重点进行了梳理。县域特色产业作为区域优势和产业特点的结合产物, 相关研究的理论视角基本属于人地关系地域系统的基础理论体系, 同时借鉴了生态学、系统学理论观点和分析框架, 为清晰刻画产业内外影响因子的共栖关系和互动效应提供了有效途径。从研究领域上看, 关注点从地方经济发展到全球生产网络、从传统影响因素到新因素, 与时俱进, 但是宏观研究和微观研究相互脱节现象突出, 在一定程度上影响了研究成果的实践指导意义。从研究方法上看, 相关研究正在从以定性描述和逻辑推理为主, 向定性和定量相结合的综合集成方法应用转变, 但受到数据可获取性的限制, 现象和变化趋势的驱动机制分析的技术方法亟待完善。 相似文献
17.
U.S. commercial bank failures approached historically high levels in the 1980s. The collapse of such institutions can have severe impacts on local economies, disrupting the supply of available investment credit. This paper situates bank failures within the broader transformation of global capitalism in the late 20th century. Next, it reviews the causes of bank insolvency, including mismanagement, deregulation, the glutted commercial real estate market, and depressed agricultural and petroleum-dependent local economies. It then illustrates multiple aspects of the spatial distribution of bank failures. A pooled time-series regression analysis, using primary causal variables as well as location quotients of state output in four industrial sectors, indicates that with the vital exception of petroleum, and to a lesser extent services, regional economic structure is not strongly related to bank failures. This finding likely reflects the structural and spatial transformation of the industry as it adapted to the highly competitive conditions of the last decade. 相似文献
18.
在理论评述基础上, 构建了城市规模经济内涵的概念框架, 进一步应用计量分析方法, 探讨城市人口规模效益与经济规模效益。研究发现:现阶段我国的城市空间规模扩张整体呈现以人口增长为主要推动力;100～200万人口规模的城市每单位人口占用的空间规模相对较小, 从吸纳人口的角度应优先发展;200万以上人口规模的城市每单位人口占用的空间规模相对较大, 但每单位经济规模的空间占用较少, 从发展经济、增强区域竞争力的角度应适度发展;土地的集约利用可通过发展不同规模和类型的城市, 进而构建合理的城镇体系这一区域规划途径缓解或解决。最后, 本文从土地集约利用的角度, 针对目前的城市与区域规划实践提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
基于不同区域层级的文化产业集聚研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用企业层面数据,从市域和省域两个尺度研究中国文化产业的集聚特征,并揭示集聚对文化企业生产率的影响。应用一致性方法估计了中国文化企业的生产函数,并计算企业层面全要素生产率估计值,并从专业化和城市化两个角度研究集聚对于文化企业的影响。结果表明：① 地级市尺度下,文化产业专业化经济并不显著,但却存在城市化经济;② 在更大的省域层面,则呈现出专业化经济显著,多样化经济弱化的特征;③ 行业和区域异质性回归显示了结果的稳健性,核心文化产业的产业集聚经济更显著;④ 在知识溢出效应占主导的文化集聚中,通信基础设施良好的省份被赋予了创意交流的便利性,因而拥有更强的集聚经济。 相似文献
20.
近几十年,全球汇款流在稳步增长并越来越成为发展中国家财政发展的重要源泉。汇款成为家庭收入中稳定的一部分,并组成了发展中国家第二大资金流——处于外国直接投资（FDI）之后,海外开发援助（ODA）之前。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,流动工人的汇款成为财政发展以及救助穷人的财政服务的重要主题。本论文分析撒哈拉以南非洲地区迁移人口的汇款及其作用,并以马里作为重点研究对象。研究结论是,汇款在国家收入中占有重要比例,并将继续对个人家庭和社区提供重要支持,应该鼓励当地引导汇款促进基础设施发展和收入产生。 相似文献