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1.
Exploration Potential of Marine Source Rocks Oil-Gas Reservoirs in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
So far,more than 150 marine oil-gas fields have been found onshore and offshore about 350. The marine source rocks are mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic onshore whereas Tertiary offshore.Three genetic categories of oil-gas reservoirs have been defined for the marine reservoirs in China:primary reservoirs,secondary reservoirs and hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs.And three exploration prospects have also been suggested:(1)Primary reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in many Tertiary basins of the South China Sea(SCS),the Tertiary shelf basins of the East China Sea (ECS)and the Paleozoic of Tarim basin,Sichuan basin and Ordos basin.To explore large-middle-scale even giant oil-gas fields should chiefly be considered in this category reservoirs.These basins are the most hopeful areas to explore marine oil-gas fields in China,among which especially many Tertiary basins of the SCS should be strengthened to explore.(2)Secondary reservoirs prospects,which are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Tarim basin,Sichuan basin,Qiangtang basin and Chuxiong basin in western China,of which exploration potential is less than that of the primary reservoirs.(3)Hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in the Bohai Bay basin,North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea basin,southern North China basin,Jianghan basin, South Poyang basin in eastern China and the Tarim basin in western China,of which source rocks are generally the Paleozoic.And the reservoirs formed by late-stage(always Cenozoic)secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Paleozoic source rocks should mainly be considered to explore,among which middle-small and small oil-gas fields are the chief exploration targets.As a result of higher thermal evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks,the marine reservoirs onshore are mainly gas fields,and so far marine oil fields have only been found in the Tarim basin.No other than establishing corresponding marine oil-gas exploration and development strategy and policy, sufficiently enhancing cognition to the particularity and complexity of China's marine petroleum geology,and applying new thoughts,new theories and new technologies,at the same time tackling some key technologies,it is possible to fast and effectually exploit and utilize the potential huge marine oil-gas resources of China.  相似文献   

2.
基于巴西陆上沉积盆地基础地质条件,以石油地质理论为指导,运用分析、类比的方法划分盆地类型,并对各类盆地生储盖组合及油气成藏特征进行了研究。分析认为,南美地台经历复杂的构造演化,在巴西境内形成元古宙叠合、显生宙克拉通和中生代萎缩裂谷3大类盆地。元古宙盆地以地层年代久远、构造演化复杂、烃源岩热演化漫长为特征。显生宙克拉通盆地呈现“先断后坳”的演化特征,主体地层序列形成于古生代,有一套普遍发育且受侵入岩影响的烃源岩。中生代萎缩裂谷盆地基础及油气地质两方面均呈现断陷湖盆的特征。通过对巴西陆上盆地区域演化、类型划分、地层及构造特征、生储盖层和成藏特征等方面的探讨,可为中国海外油气区域优选提供一定参考。  相似文献   

3.
A variety of distinct salt tectonic features are present in the Sab’atayn Basin of western Yemen. Based on the interpretation of regional 2D seismic reflection data and exploration wells in the central part of the basin, an Upper Jurassic evaporite formation produced numerous salt rollers, salt pillows, reactive, flip-flop, and falling diapirs. Due to regional extension, halokinetics began as soon as the early Cretaceous, within just a few million years after the deposition of the Tithonian Sab’atayn evaporite sequence, by formation of salt rollers. The salt locally formed salt pillows which evolved to reactive and active salt diapirs and diapiric salt walls as the result of renewed, but low-strain extension in the basin. Some of the diapiric walls further evolved into falling diapirs due to ongoing extension. As the result of a prominent extensional episode at the end of the Cretaceous, many of the diapiric walls in the basin are controlled by large normal faults on their updip flanks. As the post-Cretaceous sedimentary cover is largely missing in the study area, the assumed reactivation of salt structures during the Cenozoic remains poorly constrained. The interpreted changes in the style of salt tectonics in the Sab’atayn Basin offer a better understanding of the regional-scale tectonic development of the Arabian plate during the late Jurassic and Cretaceous.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
裂谷盆地是指沉积盆地在地质历史演变的某个阶段经历了裂谷时期的盆地。裂谷盆地深层在中国一般是指裂谷盆地中含油气层段埋深>3 500 m的地层,国外则指埋深>4 000 m的地层。中国东部具深层油气田的裂谷盆地主要是中、新生代盆地;全球裂谷盆地深层的大油气藏主要分布于白垩系,其次是上古生界;深层油气藏的储层形式多样,有孔隙型、裂缝型、溶洞-裂缝型及孔隙-裂缝型等;深层油气田的油气运移方向以垂向为主,圈闭则大多以岩性或与断裂有关的构造岩性圈闭为主。其次,盐岩体的活动对圈闭的形成亦十分重要,其类型则以复合型为主。  相似文献   

6.
The hydrocarbon potential of the sub-surface Lamu basin (SE Kenya) offshore sedimentary rock sequences of Mesozoic age formed the premise of this study. Major similarities and some differences in structural styles can be seen between the offshore Lamu and the Gondwana basins along the margins of Indian Ocean and Carnarvon basin along Australia’s North West Shelf, where oil pools have been discovered. The existing well results and recent 2-D seismic data have been interpreted to identify various structural styles and play fairway segments, which bolster the possibility that the Karroo to late Tertiary sedimentary mega-sequences (～3000–13000 m thick), suitable for hydrocarbon exploration, could be visualized in both the onshore and offshore Lamu basin areas. Similarly, major reservoir-seal and potential source intervals have been identified in the present study. The hydrocarbon indicator from the well-log data shows that oil potential in complex multiple petroleum systems, ranging in age from Triassic to Tertiary, have tested gas deposits. Well control of only one exploratory well per 25,000 sq km in the offshore Lamu basin shows evidence of the existence of at least two active petroleum systems. The Lamu basin has evolved consequent to a complex tectonic activity related to continental rifting and block faulting of the Lamu-Anza and Central African rift systems. An attempt has been made to recommend the probable prognostic structural leads, which are controlled by NW-SE trending faults sympathetic to the Anza-Lamu rift systems, for future essential sub-surface features of source rocks, reservoir rocks and the cap rocks in the Lamu basin.  相似文献   

7.
通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。  相似文献   

8.
In its evolution by plate divergence to a passive continental margin, a continental arch marked by narrow rift valleys (intra-arch basins) and flanked by broad basins (inter- and extra-arch basins) is most likely to break up along a rift valley boundary fault. The resulting dismembered arch at the continental margin is a rim that constitutes the oceanward flank of a rim basin, and the rim basin succeeds one or other of the basins related to the previous arch. In offshore Western Australia, the juxtaposition of Mesozoic reservoir rock at a rift shoulder and source rock of the succeeding rim basin provide a mechanism for concentrating a large gas deposit.  相似文献   

9.
秦岭-大别新元古代-中生代沉积盆地演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
秦岭-大别造山带处于中央造山带的东部,经历了复杂的构造-沉积历史.在系统分析研究区4个二级和13个三级构造单元岩石地层、化石组合、同位素年代学及构造学等资料的基础上,划分出18个沉积盆地类型,并讨论新元古代-中生代构造-沉积演化:(1)新元古代-早古生代:商丹洋以北的北秦岭为岩浆弧和弧前盆地;南秦岭为陆内裂谷-台盆、台地-陆缘裂谷发育阶段;大别-苏鲁为陆内裂谷-台盆台地发育阶段;(2)晚古生代:北秦岭为海陆交互陆表海;勉略洋于泥盆纪开启;南秦岭为弧后陆棚与台盆台地并存发育阶段;(3)三叠纪:陆陆碰撞造山,全区进入前陆盆地发育阶段;(4)侏罗纪-白垩纪:断陷盆地和压陷盆地发育阶段.   相似文献   

10.
陆弧和弧前盆地是俯冲体系中具有密切联系的构造单元。中生代以来,华南受多期板块俯冲的控制,发育大规模岩浆岩带及海域广泛分布的弧前盆地。但陆域弧岩浆岩较少,海域又缺乏足够钻井,各时期陆弧的位置存在较大争议,同时,南海北部至东海一带弧前盆地也缺乏系统认识,因此,亟须新的研究思路深化对华南晚中生代俯冲体系和俯冲过程的认识。本文以前人研究为基础,对海域钻遇中生界的典型钻井进行了详细分析,系统开展了海域盆地区域构造和沉积对比,将弧前盆地发育与岛弧变迁相结合综合分析。结果表明早侏罗世—早白垩世陆弧位于南海北部—东海靠近陆域一侧,经历了早侏罗世局限陆弧、中晚侏罗世沿海陆弧带、早白垩世向海沟方向的迁移。在此过程中,华南海域弧前盆地群于中侏罗世正式形成,早白垩世发育盆缘角度不整合,粗碎屑相带向海沟方向迁移,晚白垩南海北部与东海各自进入新的构造体制,结束弧前盆地的发育。华南沿海海域中生代盆地的发育可为陆弧的展布提供重要约束,弧岩浆岩带的迁移控制了弧前盆地的演化。  相似文献   

11.
Tectonic Evolution of China and Its Control over Oil Basins   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
This paper is a brief review of the tectonic frame and crustal evolution of China and their control over the oil basins. China is subdivided into three regions by the Hercynian Ertix-Almantai(EACZ) and Hegenshan (HGCZ) convergent zones in the north, and the Indusinian Muztagh-Maqen(MMCZ) and the Fengxiang-Shucheng (FSCZ) convergent zones in the south. The northern region represents the southern marginal tract of the Siberian platform. The middle region comprises the SinoKorea (SKP), Tarim (TAP) platforms and surrounding Paleozoic orogenic belts. The southern region includes the Yangtze platform (YZP), the Cathaysia (CTA) paleocontinent and the Caledonides between them in the eastern part, and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau composed of themassifs and Meso-and Cenozoic orogenic belts in the western part. The tectonic evolutions of China are described in three stages: Jinningian and pre-Jinningian, Caledonian to Indusinian, and post-Indosinian. Profound changes occurred at the end of Jinningian (ca. 830 Ma) and the Indusinian (ca. 210 Ma) tectonic epochs, which had exerted important influence on the formation of different types of basins. The oil basins distribute in four belts in China, the large superimposed basins ranging from Paleozoic to Cenozoic(Tarim and Junggar) in the western belt, the large superimposed basins ranging from Paleozoic to Mesozoic (Ordos and Sichuan) in the central belt, the extensional rift basins including the Cretaceous rift basins (Songliao) and the Cenozoic basin (Bohaiwan) in the eastern belt, and the Cenozoic marginal basins in the easternmost belt in offshore region. The tectonic control over the oil basins consists mainly in three aspects: the nature of the basin basement, the coupling processes of basin and orogen due to the plates interaction, and the mantle dynamics, notably the mantle upwelling resulting in crustal and lithuspheric thinning beneath the oil basins.  相似文献   

12.
The Krishna–Godavari (KG) basin, a passive margin Late Carboniferous to Holocene basin along the rifted east coast of India, includes the deltaic and inter-deltaic regions of the Krishna and Godavari rivers onshore and extends into the offshore. It is one of India’s premier hydrocarbon-bearing basins. In an attempt to better understand the thermal history of the basin, apatite fission track (AFT) data has been obtained from six exploration wells (five onshore and one offshore). AFT thermal history models as well as other thermal indicators e.g. vitrinite reflectance (VR), Rock–Eval Tmax data reveal that the host rocks are currently at their maximum post-depositional temperatures and that any possible heating related to small-scale tectonism or rifting episodes in the basin bears little significance on the maturation of the sediments. In the case of one borehole (M-1) however, the organic maturity data reveals a period of Oligocene cooling across an unconformity when ∼1000 m of section was eroded due to falling sea-level. This information offers the potential for improved basin modeling of the KG basin.  相似文献   

13.
The Barito, Kutei, and Tarakan Basins are located in the eastern half of Kalimantan (Borneo) Island, Indonesia. The basins are distinguished by their different tectonic styles during Tertiary and Pleistocene times. In the Barito Basin, the deformation is a consequence of two distinct, separate, regimes. Firstly, an initial transtensional regime during which sinistral shear resulted in the formation of a series of wrench-related rifts, and secondly, a subsequent transpressional regime involving convergent uplift, reactivating old structures and resulting in wrenching, reverse faulting and folding within the basin. Presently, NNE–SSW and E–W trending structures are concentrated in the northeastern and northern parts of the basin, respectively. In the northeastern part, the structures become increasingly imbricated towards the Meratus Mountains and involve the basement. The western and southern parts of the Barito Basin are only weakly deformed. In the Kutei Basin, the present day dominant structural trend is a series of tightly folded, NNE–SSW trending anticlines and synclines forming the Samarinda Anticlinorium which is dominant in the eastern part of the basin. Deformation is less intense offshore. Middle Miocene to Recent structural growth is suggested by depositional thinning over the structures. The western basin area is uplifted, large structures are evident in several places. The origin of the Kutei structures is still in question and proposed mechanisms include vertical diapirism, gravitational gliding, inversion through regional wrenching, detachment folds over inverted structures, and inverted delta growth-fault system. In the Tarakan Basin, the present structural grain is typified by NNE–SSW normal faults which are mostly developed in the marginal and offshore areas. These structures formed on older NW–SE trending folds and are normal to the direction of the basin sedimentary thickening suggesting that they developed contemporaneously with deposition, as growth-faults, and may be the direct result of sedimentary loading by successive deltaic deposits. Older structures were formed in the onshore basin, characterized by the N–S trending folds resulting from the collision of the Central Range terranes to the west of the basin. Hydrocarbon accumulations in the three basins are strongly controlled by their tectonic styles. In the Barito Basin, all fields are located in west-verging faulted anticlines. The history of tectonic inversion and convergent uplift of the Meratus Mountains, isostatically, have caused the generation, migration, and trapping of hydrocarbons. In the Kutei Basin, the onshore Samarinda Anticlinorium and the offshore Mahakam Foldbelt are prolific petroleum provinces, within which most Indonesian giant fields are located. In the offshore, very gentle folds also play a role as hydrocarbon traps, in association with stratigraphic entrapment. These structures have recently become primary targets for exploratory drilling. In the Tarakan Basin, the prominent NW–SE anticlines, fragmented by NE–SW growth-faults, have proved to be petroleum traps. The main producing pools are located in the downthrown blocks of the faults. Diverse tectonic styles within the producing basins of Kalimantan compel separate exploration approaches to each basin. To discover new opportunities in exploration, it is important to understand the structural evolution of neighbouring basins.  相似文献   

14.
黑龙江东部中-新生代盆地演化   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  
黑龙江省东部中-新生代盆地基底由佳木斯地块和完达山地体复合而成.佳木斯地块以加里东期变质岩及花岗岩为主,东缘发育晚古生代和早中生代大陆边缘沉积.完达山地体在中-晚侏罗世就位在佳木斯地块东缘,并在早白垩世早期逆冲到佳木斯地块之上,形成具有前陆盆地性质的大三江盆地.大三江盆地在早白垩世晚期遭受逆冲、走滑构造改造.敦密断裂以北的诸多盆地均属大三江盆地改造后的残余盆地.这些残余盆地和完达山地体之下可能存在隐伏的晚古生代和早中生代大陆边缘沉积.三江盆地东部是古近纪断陷的主要发育区,可能存在一与佳依地堑平行的深断陷.隐伏的大陆边缘沉积和断陷是值得重视的油气勘探领域.  相似文献   

15.
The Mesozoic to Cenozoic mountain uplift, exhumation, and deformation of the SW Tianshan Mountains (Kyrgyzstan and Northwest China) offer an important window to understand the intra-continental rejuvenation mechanism of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), as response to the far-field effects of the India-Asia collision. This article presents new observation and data for the planation surface and sedimentation and deformation features of the regional intermountain basins to rebuild the orogenic history in Mesozoic to Cenozoic. Three planation surfaces were recognized by field observation, showing that the mountain may have experienced lengthy erosion since the end Cretaceous, and a continuous planation surface may have formed at the Eocene to Oligocene. The filling sequences and deformation character revealed that the orogenic disintegrate and intermountain basin formation likely began in the end of Oligocene. Subsequently, the uniform planation surface in Western Tianshan may have begun to disintegrate, leading to the basin-and-range landform formation. Folds and nappes in the Cenozoic basins, large-scale thrusting of Palaeozoic rocks over Cenozoic sediments at the basin margin associated with the rapid mountain uplift may have occurred at the end of Early Pleistocene, suggesting a tectonic inversion. The Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tianshan uplift and deformation were likely induced by the collision/accretion along the southern margin of Eurasia. Both the northward propagation of the Parmir syntaxis to the SW Tianshan and the oblique dextral faulting of the Talas–Fergana fault have likely played an important role on the formation and deformation of the Cenozoic basins in the SW Tianshan.  相似文献   

16.
塔里木盆地古生代构造格架与沉积特征   总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25  
谢晓安  吴奇之 《沉积学报》1997,15(1):152-155
本文以板块构造理论为主线，应用最新的物探成果和钻井资料，分析了前古生代塔里木盆地地球动力学背景和寒武－奥陶纪、志留－泥盆纪、石炭－二叠纪板块构造演化所形成的盆内隆坳构造格架与沉积特征，认为古生代克拉通原型盆地的发育、各时期的沉积相带分布与沉积建造以及下古生界东厚西薄、上古生界东薄西厚的厚度特征，都是不同地质时代构造演化控制的结果。  相似文献   

17.
青藏高原冈底斯地处印度河-雅鲁藏布江结合带和班公湖-双湖-怒江对接带之间, 其经历了复杂的沉积-岩浆演化史.将青藏高原冈底斯地层区划分为8个构造-地层分区, 并分时段对各个分区的沉积特征进行归纳, 总结了冈底斯从新元古代到中生代沉积盆地的发展与演化历史: 冈底斯震旦纪由陆缘裂谷开始演化; 晚古生代, 前期以稳定宽阔的碳酸盐岩沉积为主, 发育碳酸盐岩台地与台盆, 从石炭纪起, 开始转化为伸展性质的裂陷大陆边缘, 盆地类型主要为陆缘裂谷; 中生代, 班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向南与雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋向北双向俯冲, 大部分区域早期处于隆升状态, 中生代末期发育大型的岩浆弧带, 盆地类型以弧间盆地和弧前盆地为主.   相似文献   

18.
Low-temperature thermochronology was applied at the Brazilian passive continental margin in order to understand and reconstruct the post-rift evolution since the break-up of southwestern Gondwana. Thermochronological data obtained from apatite fission-track analysis of Neoproterozoic metamorphic and Paleozoic to Mesozoic siliciclastic rocks as well as Mesozoic dikes and alkaline intrusions from the Ponta Grossa Arch provided ages between 66.2 (1.3) and 5.9 (0.8) Ma. These data clearly indicate a post-rift reactivation during Late Cretaceous and Paleogene times. Integrating the results of older thermochronological studies, the reactivation of the southeastern Brazilian margin could be described in three main phases related to the rift to post-rift evolution of SE Brazil. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of age data indicates the presence of two age groups: a NE age-group (NE of Curitiba), with ages around 20?Ma and a SW age-group (Curitiba and NW) with ages of around 50?Ma. The change of ages follows the NW?CSE trending S?o Jer?nimo-Curi??va fault zone that can be traced offshore into the southern end of the Santos basin. Within the Santos basin, this lineament ends up to the salt occurrence in the south and seams to play a major role in the structural evolution of the Santos basin and the Rio Grande Rise. Sedimentological studies in the Santos basin evidenced that the transport direction changed in Miocene from WNW to WNW/NNW. During the Oligocene and earlier, the sediments were transported mainly from southeastwards to the direction of the ??Curitiba area?? into the Santos basin. Within the Miocene, an additional transport direction from an area north of Curitiba developed.  相似文献   

19.
The Gondwanaland assembly rifted dominantly during Late Carboniferous–Early Permian forming several intracratonic rift basins. These rifts were subsequently filled with a thick sequence of continental clastic sediments with minor marine intercalations in early phase. In western part of India, these sediments are recorded in enclaves of Bikaner–Nagaur and Jaisalmer basins in Rajasthan. Facies correlatives of these sediments are observed in a number of basins that were earlier thought to be associated with the western part of India. The present work is a GIS based approach to reconnect those basins to their position during rifting and reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary environment at that time range. The study indicates a rift system spanning from Arabian plate in the north and extending to southern part of Africa that passes through Indus basin, western part of India and Madagascar, and existed from Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic. Extensions related to the opening of Neo-Tethys led to the formation of a number of cross trends in the rift systems that acted as barriers to marine transgressions from the north as well as disrupted the earlier continuous longitudinal drainage systems. The axis of this rift system is envisaged to pass through present day offshore Kutch and Saurashtra and implies a thick deposit of Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic sediments in these areas. Based on analogy with other basins associated with this rift system, these sediments may be targeted for hydrocarbon exploration.  相似文献   

20.
Sanshui basin is one of the typical Mesozoic–Cenozoic intra-continental rift basins with voluminous Cenozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern China. Thirteen cycles of volcanic eruptions and two dominant types of volcanic rocks, basalt and trachyte–rhyolite, have been identified within the basin. Both basalt and trachyte–rhyolite members of this bimodal suit have high values of εNd (+2.3 to +6.2) and different Sr isotopic compositions (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are 0.70461–0.70625 and 0.70688–0.71266 for basalts and trachyte–rhyolite, respectively), reflecting distinct magma evolution processes or different magma sources. The results presented in this study indicate that both of the trachyte–rhyolite and basaltic magmas were derived from similar independent primitive mantle, but experienced different evolution processes. The trachyte-rhyolitic magma experienced significant clinopyroxene and plagioclase fractionational crystallization from deeper magma chamber with significant crustal contamination, while the basaltic magmas experienced significant olivine and clinopyroxene fractionational crystallization in shallower magma chamber with minor crustal contamination. New zircon U–Pb dating confirms an initial volcanic eruption at 60 Ma and the last activity at 43 Ma. Geologic, geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the inception of the Sanshui basin was resulted from upwelling of a mantle plume. The Sanshui basin widened due to subsequent east–west extension and the subsequent volcanism constantly occurred in the center of the basin. Evidence also supports a temporal and spatial association with other rift basins in southeastern China. The upwelling mantle plume became more active during late Cenozoic time and most likely triggered opening of other basins, including the young South China Sea basin.  相似文献   

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