共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(6):113-114
第1期基于地层时序与属性语义的相邻钻孔地层连接与推理徐磊,吴立新,车德福(1)……………………………………基于GPU加速的高分辨率实体体素化研究吕广宪,潘懋,王占刚,等(5)…………………………………………基于P2P架构的位置服务……………赵晓晖,方裕(10)基于尺度转折点的空间分析方法研究柳锦宝,杨华,张永福(15)……………………………………………………平面影像到QTM像元的转换算法及精度分析孙文彬,赵学胜(20)……………………………………………………DEM不确定性影响评价中的填洼分析王培法,都金康,冯学智(24)…………………… 相似文献
2.
莱州湾南岸巨淀湖沉积地层分析与沉积环境辨识 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
湖相沉积地层中沉积物的岩性特征、粒度特征和孢粉组合特征具有良好的环境指示作用,本文对位于莱州湾南岸平原上的巨淀湖沉积地层进行了研究。通过对沉积物的岩性特征和粒度特征进行分析,划分出了湖区的垂向沉积序列。通过地层对比并结合14C测年数据,确定了湖区全新世泻湖-浅海-海滩相沉积层的层位和特征,并对该层及其以上地层进行了地层划分,判断出各层的沉积环境。通过对选取样品进行孢粉分析,并结合邻近地区的孢粉组合特征和气候环境特征,得出了该湖区中全新世以来的气候环境特征。 相似文献
3.
地理空间元数据关联网络的构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用资源描述框架（RDF）设计地理空间元数据关联模型,根据地理空间元数据之间的语义关系和语义相关度的计算,以构建以元数据为节点、元数据之间的语义关系为边、语义相关度为权重的关联网络。在这一网络中,一个节点是一个地理空间元数据的资源描述图,包含属性特征（数据来源、空间特征、时间特征、内容）及其关系特征（元数据之间的语义关系、语义相关度）。实验及其分析表明,地理空间元数据关联网络可以有效地支持地理空间数据语义关联检索、推荐等应用,这与传统的基于关键词的元数据检索方式相比,具有更高的准确度。 相似文献
4.
临河凹陷晚更新世以来沉积地层的光释光年龄 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河套盆地沉积有较厚的第四纪河湖相地层,大量的第四纪研究工作在该区开展,但地层划分缺乏年代数据的支撑,尤其是西部临河凹陷区,年龄数据的短缺严重影响了河套地区第四纪地层系统的对比研究。基于临河凹陷3个钻孔岩芯,分析光释光年代测定的可靠性,确定临河凹陷晚更新世以来地层年代,划定晚更新统底板埋深约150 m,顶板埋深自西向东由约9 m增到约15 m。结合钻孔岩性资料,该区气候变化为:晚更新世早期(约130～80 ka)主要为河流相沉积,气候较为干旱;晚更新世中期(约80～40 ka)为河流相与湖泊、洼地相交替沉积,气候较为湿润;晚更新世晚期(约40～10 ka)主要为河流相沉积,气候较为干旱;全新世(约10 ka)以来为湖相、洼地相沉积环境,起初气候条件略湿,逐渐转干。临河凹陷区光释光年龄的测定填补了河套盆地地层研究中绝对年代缺乏的不足,为分析环境演化与区域对比提供了年代依据。 相似文献
5.
思茅盆地晚白垩世勐野井组地层是我国唯一的古代固体钾盐发育地层,由于盆地内部断层纵横,地层横向对比困难,急需有效的标志性地层以完善区域对比及后续研究的深入。在确认早白垩世扒沙河组地层良好的区域可对比性基础上,通过对比思茅盆地江城地区两个典型地质露头剖面及勐野井钾盐矿床钻孔岩芯的元素地球化学特征,探讨了江城地区含盐系地层及其下伏扒沙河组地层的化学风化、构造背景及物源属性特征。结果表明,1)思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组与扒沙河组地层在形成过程中,其物源区均经历了中至强的化学风化作用过程;2)尽管这两套地层间呈不整合接触关系,但在物源属性上二者却均具有混和物源的特性(活动大陆边缘或大陆岛弧背景的长英质物源与被动大陆边缘背景的古老沉积物物源的混合),扒沙河组地层在沉积过程中可能还受到了少量基性岩物源的影响;3)云南江城勐野井组及其下伏扒沙河组地层的主要物源区可能为哀牢山隆起带和扬子古陆块。 相似文献
6.
思茅盆地晚白垩世勐野井组地层是我国唯一的古代固体钾盐发育地层,由于盆地内部断层纵横,地层横向对比困难,急需有效的标志性地层以完善区域对比及后续研究的深入。本次在确认早白垩世扒沙河组地层良好的区域可对比性基础上,通过对比思茅盆地江城地区两个典型地质露头剖面及勐野井钾盐矿床钻孔岩心的元素地球化学特征探讨了江城地区含盐系地层及其下伏扒沙河组地层的化学风化、构造背景及物源属性特征。结果表明,1）思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组与扒沙河组地层在形成过程中,其物源区均经历了中至强的化学风化作用过程;2）尽管这两套地层间呈不整合接触关系,但在物源属性上二者却均具有混和物源的特性（活动大陆边缘或大陆岛弧背景的长英质物源与被动大陆边缘背景的古老沉积物物源的混合）,而扒沙河组地层在沉积过程中可能还受到了少量基性岩物源的影响;3）云南江城勐野井组及其下伏扒沙河组地层的主要物源区可能为哀牢山隆起带和扬子古陆块。 相似文献
7.
基于钻孔数据的三维地层模型的构建 总被引：53，自引：4，他引：49
三维地质建模是三维GIS在地学中的一个重要应用,三维地层模型对实际的地质分析极为有用。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,提出了一种由工程钻孔数据构建三维地层模型的方法。该方法以钻孔资料作为地层建模的源数据,具有简单实用、快速稳健的特点,并且能够将用户手工编辑修改的钻孔剖面图融入实际建模流程,解决了以往单纯依靠钻孔数据进行建模而导致的建模结果不精确且难以修正的问题。该文介绍了该方法的基本思想与实现流程,探讨了断层数据的加入对模型的影响及解决方案,并通过一个建模实例展示了该方法的实际建模效果。 相似文献
8.
《盐湖研究》2015,(2)
浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。 相似文献
9.
目前三维地层表面建模方法构建的三维地层模型上表面粗糙,与地形不一致.在分析当前建模方法缺陷的基础上,基于多层DEM建模思想,提出了利用DEM修正主TIN的建模方法;该方法可保证模型与地形的空间一致性,实现模型与地理数据的一体化显示.并提出了利用虚拟钻孔进行剖面图离散化处理,将建模数据源统一为钻孔数据,从而将剖面图融入实际建模流程,解决了单一钻孔数据导致建模结果不精确及模型无法修正的问题,也简化了多源数据导致建模方法复杂的问题.最后以合肥市某区为例,展示了该方法的实现过程及建模效果. 相似文献
10.
基于空间语义的地质剖面自动连接算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
地质条件的复杂性决定了地质剖面图完全自动连接的准确性较低。提出一种基于空间语义关系的空区域搜索算法,通过人机交互方式将专家知识应用于剖面连接过程,实现了融合人工编辑的剖面自动化连接方法。该算法通过读入交互结果获得专家知识,在此基础上对剖面地层进行自动化连接。通过语义分解的策略,可以针对实际情况任意组合需要的连接命令。 相似文献
11.
城市三维地层建模中虚拟孔的引入与实现 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
该文引入“虚拟孔”的概念并将其应用到实际的城市三维地层建模流程。在建模过程中,用户可以根据实际工作需要,结合对地质模型的理解,在特定位置处加入适当数目的虚拟孔,并将其与实际的钻孔数据一起约束到模型中,从而构建精细的三维地层实体模型,有效满足实际工程的要求。通过一个建模实例,比较了引入虚拟孔前后的建模效果,表明应用虚拟孔建模具有很强的灵活性、直观性和可操作性。 相似文献
12.
Wei Pan Li Xuelong Hu Qianting Peng Shoujian Liu Shu 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(6):4031-4051
Gas emission from the working face in a gas-bearing coal seam impairs safe production. Especially in the coal face, influenced by mining, pressure-relief gas in adjacent seams flows into the working face through the goaf. Moreover, caved overlying strata in different regions show differences in pore and seepage characteristics. Thus, the caving of overlying strata in the goaf of a working face was explored by carrying out physical similarity simulation. Then, based on the characteristics of the geometric shapes of caved overlying strata after mining, a trapezoidal three-dimensional model for gas extraction was established. According to the calculation result, the parameters of field high-level boreholes were optimized. Then, the controllability of gas concentration at the working face after gas extraction was assessed by applying statistical process control. The result showed that after the observed surface of the physical similarity model was lightened, it was more favorable for conducting the test. Moreover, the maximum gas concentration in the goaf was negatively correlated with the diameter of high-level boreholes and the negative pressure for gas extraction. A statistical process control chart revealed that the gas concentrations at the working face were safe after gas extraction based on high-level boreholes, which also validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.
相似文献13.
Extensive studies of land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) have identified sediment consolidation and compaction as important contributors to geologic processes. Although previous studies were informed by detailed knowledge of subsurface getechnical properties and depositional history, geotechnical data that are sufficient for detailed modeling are still unavailable for much of the delta. To overcome this limitation, we use a modified Monte Carlo method to model the incremental sedimentation and compaction in the delta and identify the stratigraphic characteristics of all abandoned lobes in the delta on a short-term scale of decades. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the thickness of the delta plain is generated based on a contour map of the delta using Geographic Information Systems technology. Combining our simulation results and the DEM creates an overall view of the delta’s temporal and spatial land subsidence characteristics. Most data from the 152 boreholes show properties of soft soil, which is saturated and compressible. Our data confirm that the most rapidly compacting strata contain 100% soft soil. Research on settlement from soft soil compaction is particularly important because of the widespread distribution of soft soil in the YRD. 相似文献
14.
基于主体人与地学本体的人-地-GIS关系讨论 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
“人-地-GIS”关系是地理信息科学及相关研究的基础。传统的人-地-GIS双向联系模型正在向以地学本体为核心的本体中心模型演化。通过主体人与客体人的区分,探讨两者在“人-地-GIS”关系中的地位与作用,分析人-地、地-GIS与人-GIS的相关关系。通过地学本体与本体论的分析,讨论地学本体与科学本体、哲学本体论之间的关系,分析地学本体与类、元数据之间的区别与联系。进而构建以地学本体为核心的“人-地-GIS”关系新模型,该模型整体上分为认知与再现两部分,由核心的本体模型及人的认知层、GIS的模型层与“地学”现象及其关系层构成。以主体人的认知为主线,讨论该模型中各模块的功能与相互关系,指出今后的发展方向。 相似文献
15.
The first assessment of temperature conditions in Kansas was made by geothermal gradient computations from temperature measurements in shallow boreholes, and these conditions are related to structural patterns, sedimentary cover and underlying basement properties. The area of south-central Kansas was selected for detailed study of geothermal character in relation to the geology. The aim was to quantify the relations and to determine the relationship of different variables of the temperature field. Input parameters included geothermal variables of gradient and temperature, and structure and sediment thickness. Two approaches were used: (1) the numerical computation of theoretical temperature-depth models based on conductive heat transfer, and (2) a map-comparison technique based on algebraic methods. The temperature field information usable for the map comparison is different in response to different measurements (nonequilibrium BHTs and temperatures from logged measurements in equilibrium). Derived from modelled results (plotted isotherms on cross-sections), a close relation between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments was confirmed. The most noticeable effect on the geothermal field, as noted quantitatively from the map-comparison study, is the relation of thickness of outcropping Permo-Pennsylvanian units because of their different thermal conductivity. The eastward increase of mean gradients is inversely related to the total sediment thickness, but this is mostly recognizable using the shallow temperature gradients. This dissimilarity gives additional evidence for a close link between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments in which the temperature measurements were made. The effect caused by the structure in deeper (older) units is not important and seems not to be significant, nor is the influence of the basement rock composition as indicated by the temperature modelling. 相似文献
16.
地理空间数据本质特征语义相关度计算模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
关联数据是跨网域整合多源异构地理空间数据的有效方式,语义丰富的关联是准确、快速发现目标数据的关键。根据地理空间数据在空间、时间、内容上的语义关系,提出地理空间数据本质特征语义相关度计算模型。通过构建本质特征的关联指标体系,分层次逐级计算地理空间数据的语义相关度。与传统的语义相关度计算方式不同,以地理元数据为语料库,充分考虑地理空间数据的特点及空间、时间、内容在检索中不同的重要程度,分别采用几何运算、数值运算、词语语义相似度计算和类别层次相关度计算的方式,构建地理空间数据的语义相关度计算模型。该模型具有构建简单、适用于多源异构数据、充分结合了数学运算和专家经验知识等特点。实验表明：模型能够有效地计算地理空间数据本质特征的语义相关度,并具备一定的扩展性。 相似文献
17.
J. R. Underschultz 《Basin Research》1991,3(3):165-174
By calculating mass accumulation rates for foreland basin sediments, the changing capacity of the basin can be monitored through time. It has often been assumed that there was a direct link between foreland basin sedimentation and tectonic deformation and lithospheric loading in the adjacent orogenic belt. The results of this study suggest that tectonic deformation is most likely associated with the changing capacity of the basin and the rate at which sediments accumulate within it, However, there appears to be no relation between tectonic deformation and the lithology of sediment which accumulates in the foreland basin. Instead, eustatic sea-level fluctuations appear to have significant control, through their impact on water depth, on the lithology of sediments accumulating in the foreland basin. These relations are evidenced by mass accumulation rates calculated for foreland basin strata in north-west Alberta and north-east British Columbia, Canada. 相似文献
18.
Yikun Li Shuwen Yang Tao Liu Xiaoyuan Dong 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):247-263
In recent years, Bayesian networks using unsupervised extracted image features have been applied in many remote sensing information mining systems to enable semantic-sensitive image retrieval. However, a simple Bayesian network insufficiently accounts for the spatial information, that is, the relations among image regions, for the semantic inference process. This drawback significantly impacts the retrieval performance, especially if the utilised features contain no or little spatial information. Therefore, this article proposes a context-sensitive Bayesian network, which infers semantic concepts of image regions based on the spectral and textural characteristics of the regions themselves as well as their contexts, that is, the adjacent regions. In order to compare the context-sensitive Bayesian network with the simple Bayesian network, comprehensive experiments were conducted based on high-resolution multispectral IKONOS imagery. The results show that the incorporation of the image regions' spatial relations not only significantly improves the accuracy of the semantic concepts inference, but also allows more flexibility in choosing the type of low-level features. 相似文献
19.
Hiroyuki Usui Akihiro Teraki Kei-ichi Okunuki Toshiaki Satoh 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(11):2177-2203
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe a convenient but robust method for defining neighbourhood relations among buildings based on ordinary Delaunay diagrams (ODDs) and area Delaunay diagrams (ADDs). ODDs and ADDs are defined as a set of edges connecting the generators of adjacent ordinary Voronoi cells (points representing centroids of building polygons) and a set of edges connecting two centroids of building polygons, which are the generators of adjacent area Voronoi cells, respectively. Although ADDs are more robust than ODDs, computation time of ODDs is shorter than that of ADDs (the order of their computation time complexity is O(nlogn)). If ODDs can approximate ADDs with a certain degree of accuracy, the former can be used as an alternative. Therefore, we computed the ratio of the number of ADD edges to that of ODD edges overlapping ADDs at building and regional scales. The results indicate that: (1) for approximately 60% of all buildings, ODDs can exactly overlap ADDs with extra ODD edges; (2) at a regional scale, ODDs can overlap approximately 90% of ADDs with 10% extra ODD edges; and (3) focusing on judging errors, although ADDs are more accurate than ODDs, the difference is only approximately 1%. 相似文献