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基于青藏高原东北缘甘肃区域台网41个宽频带地震台站的远震记录资料,通过PKS、SKS和SKKS震相的剪切波分裂分析,获取了台站下方介质的各向异性分裂参数,得到该地区上地幔各向异性分布图像,并结合GPS速度场和地壳剪切波各向异性分析青藏高原东北缘各向异性形成机制及壳幔各向异性特征.分析结果认为,在阿尔金断裂带西侧,各向异性快波偏振呈NWW-SEE方向,与断裂带走向有一定夹角,与塔里木盆地向柴达木盆地俯冲方向一致,说明该地区上地幔物质变形主要受古构造运动的影响,属于"化石"各向异性.在祁连山-河西走廊构造区,XKS快波偏振呈NW-SE方向,一致性较好,与区域断层走向方向相同;由区域小震的地壳剪切波分裂分析得到的地壳剪切波快波偏振在该区域呈NE-SW方向,与相对于稳定欧亚大陆GPS运动速率一致,地壳和地幔快波偏振方向的差异表明壳幔变形可能有不同的形变机制.在陇中盆地及其周缘,由于处于活跃青藏地块与稳定鄂尔多斯地块之间的过渡带,相对于其他区域具有更加复杂的构造背景,地壳快波偏振和地幔快波偏振总体上呈NWW-SEE方向,说明壳幔变形机制可能相同;但不同台站结果之间存在一定离散性,推测是由于受局部构造特征差异性造成. 相似文献
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根据云南数字地震台网和云南流动地震台网的台站,以及中国国家数字地震台网(CNDSN)腾冲台和昆明台,共计47个台站记录到的远震SKS波震相,计算了各个台站下方的各向异性,讨论并分析了各向异性层的深度、厚度、起因,进一步探讨了与青藏高原东南缘地区地球动力学有关的一些问题. 从得到的结果来看,云南北部的各向异性的快波偏振方向呈南北向,逐渐过渡到南部的近东西向,整体来看,有一旋转的趋势. 分析表明各向异性层主要分布于上地幔,时间延迟在058～188s,厚度在67～216km之间. 青藏高原存在垂直向隆升变形和东西向拉张变形外,地幔物质还向东南运移. 相似文献
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本文使用川西密集地震台阵记录的面波资料,利用程函方程面波成像方法获得了周期为14—60 s的瑞雷波相速度及方位各向异性分布。结果显示:川滇菱形地块的川西北地块内部的低速异常明显,其下地壳各向异性快波方向以NS向为主,松潘—甘孜地块内部的低速异常稍弱,下地壳各向异性快波方向以NW?SESE向为主,表明川西北地块可能存在下地壳通道流,松潘—甘孜地块内部存在的通道流相对较弱;龙门山断裂带和丽江—小金河断裂两侧的速度结构和方位各向异性均有明显差异,可推测青藏高原内部的地壳流在东部和南部分别受高速、高强度的四川盆地和滇中地块阻挡,沿高原边界带发生了侧向流动;周期大于25 s的面波方位各向异性方向为NW?SE;与SKS分裂优势方向相近,说明四川盆地的剪切波各向异性可能主要源于上地幔;而龙门山断裂带附近壳幔各向异性较为复杂,面波方位各向异性与SKS分裂的NW?SE向弱各向异性存在差异,表明该处的剪切波各向异性可能来自地幔更深处,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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对华北地震科学台阵的200个宽频带和甚宽带地震台站所记录的远震SKS(SKKS)波形资料作偏振分析,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索法和叠加分析方法求得每一个台站的SKS(SKKS)快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟,并结合已发表的固定台站的结果,获得了华北上地幔各向异性图像.从得到结果看,华北东部各向异性快波方向基本为NWW-SEE方向,而西部的快波方向转到NW-SE或NNW-SSE.快、慢波时间延迟范围是0.50~1.47 s,华北西部的平均快、慢波时间延迟小于华北东部.在华北东部,快波方向与绝对板块运动(APM)方向基本一致,预示了NWW向的软流圈地幔流是引起该区域上地幔各向异性的主要原因,它使得上地幔橄榄岩等晶体的晶格优势取向沿地幔物质流动方向,从而导致了NWW趋向的快波方向.然而,在稳定的西部,快波方向既不与绝对板块运动方向一致,也不与构造走向一致,这种弱各向异性很可能是遗留在古老克拉通的厚的岩石圈内的"化石"各向异性. 相似文献
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利用蒙古中南部地区布设的69套宽频带数字地震仪2011年8月—2013年7月记录的远震事件,使用时间域反褶积方法提取接收函数,并挑选高质量Pms震相,通过改进的剪切波分裂方法对研究区地壳各向异性参数进行了研究,最终获取了1473对各向异性参数.经过统计分析,有48个台站可以归纳出两个方向的各向异性,11台站得到单个方向的各向异性,而剩余10个台站各向异性方向比较发散.结果显示,各向异性在蒙古中南部地壳中呈不均匀分布,有54个台站得到了NE-SW向各向异性,快波偏振方向平均值为N58°E±16°,与最大水平主应力σHmax方向和区域内主要断层走向一致,说明这部分地壳各向异性的主要成因存在于上地壳,可能与流体填充的微裂隙有关.而NW-SE向各向异性在53个台站被观测到,各向异性方向变化范围平均N132°E±16°,与研究区大部分SKS分裂快波方向具有较好的一致性,说明下地壳成岩矿物晶体定向排列是各向异性的主要成因.研究区地壳各向异性的分层特征总体上支持岩石圈受到NE-SW向挤压的动力学模型. 相似文献
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本研究收集了中国东北地区2008—2016年九年时间内207个固定地震台站和127个NECESSArray流动地震台站的波形资料,利用SKS波分裂的最小切向能量网格搜索方法获得了243个台站的有效分裂结果.研究结果显示,尽管研究区各向异性快波方向基本以NW-SE向为主,但无论是在快波方向上还是快慢波时间延迟上不同构造单元内部与不同构造单元之间均存在着较大差别.大兴安岭造山带北部的各向异性快波方向自北向南由NNE-SSW向转变为NNW-SSE向,在中部以NW-SE向为主,而南部自北而南由NE-SW向逐渐转变为近E-W向;松辽盆地的各向异性快波方向在北部自西向东主要表现为由NNW-SSE向逐渐转变为NW-SE向,在中部自西向东由NE-SW向转变为近E-W向,而在南部既有NE-SW向又有NW-SE向;佳木斯地块各向异性方向由西部的NW-SE转变为东部的NNW-SSE,同时快慢波时间延迟逐渐变大;长白山造山带北部自北向南由NW-SE向逐渐转变为近E-W向,中部各向异性快波方向为NNW-SSE向,且快慢波时间延迟较大,而南部以NW-SE向为主;燕山造山带的各向异性快波方向主要沿E-W向分布,基本平行于燕山造山带的走向.这些结果说明,尽管复杂的各向异性快波方向与局部岩石圈拆沉和热物质上涌有关,但更重要是与"大地幔楔"中物质水平流等动力过程密切相关,也有待将来结合更多地震资料如面波不同深度的特征各向异性进行分析.在阿巴嘎火山群、哈拉哈火山群、长白山火山、龙岗火山和镜泊湖火山区及五大连池火山区等特殊构造区的周边地区,各向异性快波方向围绕这些构造区随方位均发生明显变化,暗示了火山区下方热物质上涌可能影响了"大地幔楔"中的软流圈物质水平流方向. 相似文献
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K. M. Fischer M. J. Fouch D. A. Wiens M. S. Boettcher 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):463-475
—We have obtained constraints on the strength and orientation of anisotropy in the mantle beneath the Tonga, southern Kuril, Japan, and Izu-Bonin subduction zones using shear-wave splitting in S phases from local earthquakes and in teleseismic core phases such as SKS. The observed splitting in all four subduction zones is consistent with a model in which the lower transition zone (520–660 km) and lower mantle are isotropic, and in which significant anisotropy occurs in the back-arc upper mantle. The upper transition zone (410–520 km) beneath the southern Kurils appears to contain weak anisotropy. The observed fast directions indicate that the geometry of back-arc strain in the upper mantle varies systematically across the western Pacific rim. Beneath Izu-Bonin and Tonga, fast directions are aligned with the azimuth of subducting Pacific plate motion and are parallel or sub-parallel to overriding plate extension. However, fast directions beneath the Japan Sea, western Honshu, and Sakhalin Island are highly oblique to subducting plate motion and parallel to present or past overriding plate shearing. Models of back-arc mantle flow that are driven by viscous coupling to local plate motions can reproduce the splitting observed in Tonga and Izu-Bonin, but further three-dimensional flow modeling is required to ascertain whether viscous plate coupling can explain the splitting observed in the southern Kurils and Japan. The fast directions in the southern Kurils and Japan may require strain in the back-arc mantle that is driven by regional or global patterns of mantle flow. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(10)
Polarization analysis of teleseismic data has been used to determine the XKS(SKS,SKKS,and PKS)fast polarization directions and delay times between fast and slow shear waves for 59 seismic stations of both temporary and permanent broadband seismograph networks deployed in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis(EHS)and surrounding regions.The analysis employed both the grid searching method of the minimum tangential energy and stacking analysis methods to develop an image of upper mantle anisotropy in the EHS and surrounding regions using the newly obtained shear wave splitting parameters and previously published results.The fast polarization directions are oriented along a NE-SW azimuth in the EHS.However,within the surrounding regions,the fast directions show a clockwise rotation pattern around the EHS from NE-SW,to E-W,to NW-SE,and then to N-S.In the EHS and surrounding regions,the fast directions of seismic anisotropy determined using shear wave splitting analysis correlate with surficial geological features including major sutures and faults and with the surface deformation fields derived from global positioning system(GPS)data.The coincidence between structural features in the crust,surface deformation fields and mantle anisotropy suggests that the deformation in the crust and lithospheric mantle is mechanically coupled.In the EHS,the coherence between the fast directions and the NE direction of the subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Tibetan Plateau suggests that the lithospheric deformation is caused mainly by subduction.In the regions surrounding the EHS,we speculate that a westward retreat of the Burma slab could contribute to the curved anisotropy pattern.The Tibetan Plateau is acted upon by a NE-trending force due to the subduction of the Indian Plate,and also affected by a westward drag force due to the westward retreat produced by the eastward subduction of the Burma slab.The two forces contribute to a curved lithospheric deformation that results in the alignment of the upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the deformation direction,and thus generates a curved pattern of fast directions around the EHS. 相似文献
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本文利用天山及其邻区布设的37个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震波形数据,分别采用最小能量法和旋转相关法对SKS和SKKS波震相进行了偏振分析,计算出了台站下方介质的S波分裂参数：快波的偏振方向（φ）和慢波延迟时间（δt）.本文研究结果表明：中天山内部大多数台站的各向异性快波方向呈NEE-SWW向,与天山走向平行,慢波时间延迟为0.4～1.7 s,这是塔里木、哈萨克斯坦的南北双向俯冲及其导致的天山地区岩石圈地幔南北向缩短变形的直接反映.本文研究发现中天山北部部分台站下方地震各向异性快波方向与慢波延时随方位角呈现规律性的变化,可能暗示该区上地幔各向异性不能仅用单层水平各向异性这一简单模式来解释.75°E以西的天山地区台站下方S波快波方向和延时具有强烈的横向变化,可能与研究区下方存在的小规模对流有关.中天山不同地段地震台站下方各向异性明显不同,进一步证实了天山地区构造变形的复杂性. 相似文献
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Competing geodynamic scenarios proposed for northern Apennines (Italy) make very different predictions for the orientation of strain in the upper mantle. Constraints on the pattern are offered by observations of seismic anisotropy. Previous study of the anisotropy beneath the northern Apennines used birefringence of core-refracted shear waves (SKS phases), and demonstrated the presence of two domains: Tuscan and Adria. In the transition between the two domains, across the Apennines orogen, anisotropy measurements reflect a complex deep structure. To define better the upper-mantle structure beneath this area we analyze seismological data recorded by a set of seismic stations that operated for 3 years, between 2003 and 2006, located in the outer part of the Apennines belt, in the Adria terrane, collected by the RETREAT Project. Directionally distributed sets of SKS records were inverted for layered anisotropic structures with a well-tested method, adding new results to previous hypotheses for this area. New data analysis argues for two-layer anisotropy for sites located on the Apennines wedge and also one site in the Tuscan terrane. Beneath the wedge an upper layer with nearly north-south fast polarization pervades the lithospheric mantle, while at depth a nearly NW–SE Apennines-parallel direction is present in the lower layer. Beneath Tuscany a shallower NW–SE direction and a deeper E–W one suggest the deeper strain from active slab retreat, with a mantle-wedge circulation (i.e. an east–west corner flow), overlain by an Apennines-parallel fast polarization that could be a remnant of lower-crust deformation. 相似文献
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青藏高原东南缘作为高原物质侧向挤出的前沿地带,是研究岩石圈变形机制、高原物质侧向逃逸和深部动力学等科学问题的关键地区之一.本文利用研究区内540个宽频带流动地震台站记录的远震面波资料,基于程函方程面波层析成像方法获得了青藏高原东南缘周期14~80 s瑞利面波相速度和方位各向异性分布图像.结果显示：14~20 s周期内,面波方位各向异性分布与断裂带的走向和最大主压应力的方向密切相关,可能受到了断裂带和区域构造应力场的共同作用.川滇菱形块体的北部次级块体及丽江—小金河断裂带附近随着面波周期的增加,各向异性快波方向从NS向逐步转变为NE-SW方向,并与断裂带大致平行,而其以南的攀枝花附近表现为高相速度和弱各向异性的特征.我们推测,在川滇菱形块体北部存在明显的下地壳流,流动方向与块体向南的挤出方向基本一致,该地壳流受到攀枝花附近的高速、高强度坚硬块体阻挡,其前缘向西南方向流动.川滇菱形块体中部地区由于坚硬块体的存在,下地壳没有明显的通道流.在红河断裂以西地区,30~60 s周期范围的面波各向异性快波方向和红河断裂大致平行,推测可能与渐新世至中新世早期印支地块向南东方向的挤出密切相关.研究区东北部,四川盆地南缘地壳各向异性以NE-SW和NEE-SWW向为主与SKS快波方向明显不同,推测主要与该地区地壳的早期构造变形有关同时也说明SKS各向异性主要来自上地幔介质;在研究区南部104°E以西的中长周期面波各向异性方向与SKS分裂研究获得的近EW快波方向基本一致,但在104°E以东地区面波各向异性较弱且快波方向与SKS的观测结果存在明显差异,我们推测东部SKS各向异性来源深度至少在150 km以下. 相似文献
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Azimuthal anisotropy in lithosphere on the Chinese mainland from observations of SKS at CDSN 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ａｚｉｍｕｔｈａｌ ａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｙ ｉｎ ｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｍａｉｎｌａｎｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ＳＫＳ ａｔ ＣＤＳＮ（郑斯华）（高原）Ａｚｉｍｕｔｈａｌａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｙｉｎｌｉｔ... 相似文献
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Introduction The study of the upper mantle anisotropy in Yunnan area benefits the research of deep structure of Sichuan-Yunnan active block and the characteristics of deformation field, the analysis of the coupling relations among different layers of the earth and the promotion of understanding the relation between anisotropy and stress-strain field and geological construction processes. The research results would be of important significance for the interpretation of movement of plates, the … 相似文献
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Upper mantle anisotropy beneath central and southwest Japan: An insight into subduction-induced mantle flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Analysis of seismic anisotropy in the crust and mantle wedge above subduction zones gives much information about the dynamic processes inside the Earth. For this reason, we measure shear wave polarization anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath central and southwestern Japan from local shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes occurring in the subducting Pacific slab. We analyze S phases from 198 earthquakes recorded at 42 Japanese F-net broadband seismic stations. This data set yields a total of 980 splitting parameter pairs for central and southwestern Japan. Dominant fast polarization directions of shear waves obtained at most stations in the Kanto–Izu–Tokai areas are oriented WNW–ESE, which are sub-parallel to the subduction direction of the Pacific plate. However, minor fast polarization directions are oriented in NNE–SSW directions being parallel to the strike of the Japan Trench, especially in the north of Izu Peninsula and the northern Tokai district. Generally, fast directions obtained at stations located in Kii Peninsula and the Chubu district are oriented ENE–WSW, almost parallel to the Nankai Trough, although some fast directions have NW–SE trends. The fast directions obtained at stations in northern central Honshu are oriented N–S. Delay times vary considerably and range from 0.1 to 1.25 s depending on the source depth and the degree of anisotropy along the ray path. These lateral variations in splitting character suggest that the nature of anisotropy is quite different between the studied areas. Beneath Kanto–Tokai, the observed WNW–ESE fast directions are probably caused by the olivine A-fabric induced by the corner flow. However, the slab morphology in this region is relatively complicated as the Philippine Sea slab is overriding the Pacific slab. This complex tectonic setting may induce lateral heterogeneity in the flow and stress state of the mantle wedge, and may have produced NNE–SSW orientations of fast directions. The ENE–WSW fast directions in Kii Peninsula and the Chubu district are more coherent and may be partly induced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate. The N–S fast directions in northern central Honshu might be produced by the trench-parallel stretching of the wedge due to the curved slab at the arc–arc junction. 相似文献
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本文利用横波分裂方法对北京大学于田流动台阵记录的SKS震相进行分析,获到了阿尔金断裂西部及邻区的上地幔各向异性参数.分析结果显示,快波偏振方向在整个研究区基本呈近E-W向,与研究区内阿尔金断裂的走向几乎一致,分裂延迟时间在0.93~1.20s之间.综合研究区附近前人横波分裂研究结果,我们认为,在印度和欧亚大陆板块碰撞作用下,青藏高原北部上地幔软流圈物质向北流动,遇到塔里木盆地"克拉通"较厚岩石圈阻挡并发生了旋转,向东西两侧流动,导致在青藏高原和塔里木盆地边界地带软流圈上地幔橄榄岩中晶格沿近E-W向优势排列.这一模式显示阿尔金断裂可能是一个岩石圈尺度的大型走滑断裂:它既控制近地表的上地壳构造运动,同时也影响了上地幔软流圈物质的流动.另外,在向塔里木盆地内部延伸的台站也观测到显著的各向异性和近EW向的快波偏振方向.这些结果表明塔里木盆地"克拉通"岩石圈的中、下部分在南部边界被青藏高原北部上地幔软流圈流动"热侵蚀"而损失一部分,导致青藏高原软流圈向东西两侧的流动已经延伸到塔里木盆地内部.本文的研究结果揭示克拉通岩石圈"活化"不仅可以在垂直方向发生(如,岩石圈拆沉或软流圈上涌导致的热侵蚀),也可以在水平方向上发生,即软流圈的水平流动对克拉通岩石圈边界的热侵蚀作用. 相似文献
19.
利用青藏高原东北缘区域数字地震台网43个台站的远震SKS波形资料,采用最小能量法和旋转相关法得到台站下方上地幔介质各向异性的分裂参数:快波偏振方向(φ)和快慢波时间延迟(δt)。研究结果表明:在塔里木盆地东南缘区域,各向异性快波方向与该区域的断裂走向存在明显的夹角,该盆地向柴达木盆地的俯冲方向一致,各向异性归因为古构造运动遗留下的"化石各向异性",且由于壳幔物质的拆沉作用,推测该区域壳幔之间存在解耦作用;在祁连—河西走廊区,SKS快波偏振方向呈NW-SE,与主要断裂带的走向一致;在西秦岭北缘断裂带附近,观测到快慢波时间延迟有着较大的变化,可能是岩石圈变形和软流圈物质流动共同导致;在鄂尔多斯板块内,快波方向呈NW-SE方向,可能暗示青藏高原深部物质分叉绕流运动。青藏高原东北缘不同区域台站下方的各向异性均具有差异性,进一步证实了青藏高原东北缘地区构造变形的复杂性。 相似文献
20.
利用青海地震台网和甘肃地震台网2007-2009年记录的远震波形资料,提取S波接收函数和SKS分裂参数,得到了青藏高原东北缘的三维岩石圈厚度分布和上地幔各向异性特征.S波接收函数结果表明:昆仑-阿尼玛卿缝合带以南的松潘-甘孜地块东北缘和西秦岭造山带下方岩石圈较薄,厚度为125~135 km;昆仑-阿尼玛卿缝合带以北具有较厚的岩石圈,在昆仑和祁连地块下方岩石圈厚达145~175 km,并向柴达木盆地(175~190 km)和克拉通(鄂尔多斯南部约为170 km、阿拉善南缘约为200 km)下方增厚.上地幔各向异性结果显示:东北缘地区的SKS快波偏振方向为NW-SE向,与前人得到的昆仑断裂带南侧的快波方向存在较大差异,南侧自高原内部呈顺时针旋转,表明昆仑断裂带可能为上地幔变形的转换带.SKS快、慢波延迟时间为0.8~1.9 s,且在昆仑-阿尼玛卿缝合带以北,延迟时间与岩石圈厚度呈正相关关系,推断该区各向异性主要来源于地幔盖层的初期伸展变形. 相似文献