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俄罗斯图瓦共和国境内的蒙贡－台加山是位于亚洲中心的一个独立的冰川作用中心。现代冰川共３６条，总面积２７．８ｋｍ２，主要受西风环流及地方性环流的降水补给，具有亚大陆型冰川的特征。小冰期最盛期以来，冰川面积减少４９．３％。近１５０年来，冰川面积和长度继续减少，末端及雪线高度升高。近３０年来，冰川退缩速度加快，冰川物质平衡有１０年左右的波动变化，目前处于负平衡状态。但１９９２－１９９３年两条山谷冰川突然前进。对比亚洲中部其它山系，发现本区冰川动态变化独特，说明不同地区冰川对于全球性气候的响应过程比较复杂。 相似文献
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云南省东北部拱王山第四纪冰川遗迹研究 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：7
云南省东北部的拱王山海拔３１００ｍ以上的山地发生过第四纪冰川作用，典型的冰川遗迹集中分布在轿子山峰附近和妖精塘－牛洞坪两个地区，遗存的冰川地貌主要有冰斗，冰蚀岩盆和侧碛堤。根据冰川地貌的组合特征，以及它们生成的先后顺序，将拱王山第四纪冰川作用划分为末次冰期的倒数第二期冰期。 相似文献
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冰川图是研究冰川的基本图件,也是冰川研究成果的一种表现形式。如何使冰川的科学内容,地形几何精度,以及艺术性,三者统一表现在图上,突出冰川作用区的地形特点,是冰川图编制的首要任务。 由中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所编制的1:20万天山托木尔峰地区冰川图是由《冰川地形图》和《冰川地貌图》两幅图组成。前者采用地形等高线,辅之以晕渲、晕点和符号等方法,较好地反映了天山这一地区的冰川分布规律、冰川形态类型和组合形式,以及冰川的主要数量特征;后者着重反映了第四纪以来冰川侵蚀和堆积的主要地貌类型,并以图形表达方式将该区第四纪冰川作用划分为四次冰期。这两幅图综合反映了多年来这个地区冰川考察研究的成果,已由上海中华印刷厂印刷,该所资料室发售,可供各方面使用。本文拟就该图编制中如何应用遥感资料及制图中几个问题作一介绍。 相似文献
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西藏高原东南部冰川泥石流的特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏高原东南部山区,是我国现代冰川,尤其是海洋性冰川最发育的地区。该区特殊的地质地貌过程和冰川作用,形成了独具特色的冰川泥石流。这一突发性的自然灾害,成为高原隆起对自然环境和人类活动影响的明显标志之一。 一、冰川泥石流的分布与形式 冰川泥石流是发育在高山冰川或积雪的边缘地带,以冰碛物、冰崩雪崩堆积物为主要固体物质补给来源,在冰雪融水、冰崩雪崩融水、冰碛湖溃决的激发下形成的泥石流(照片1、2)。从其活动特点来看,它往往在强烈增温与降雨齐来的夏秋季节最 相似文献
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赤峰等地第四纪大陆冰川的地貌证据 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
近年来，中国赤峰等地相继发现第四纪冰川遗迹，为第四纪大陆冰川作用的重新讨论提供了新的地貌证据。这些证据主要有：冰臼、冰蚀残丘、古冰斗、刃脊和角峰等。冰臼的相继报道曾经引起“冰蚀成因”与“风蚀成因”的大讨论，而恰恰是这些引起争论的冰臼引发了笔者对中国境内第四纪大陆冰川的重新思考。经过近几年的实地考察研究，笔者认为：中国境内所报道的绝大部分“冰臼”确实是冰川作用的结果。其中，发现于中国北方花岗岩山脊上的冰臼是典型的大陆冰川作用的结果。内蒙古赤峰北部阿斯哈图石林是典型的冰蚀残丘，而花岗岩中与地面平行的“节理”——剥离面理与冰川作用是分不开的，其成因须重新讨论。冰臼与剥离面理的同时存在是冰川作用的重要标志之一。考虑到河北、山东、山西已经发现的第四纪冰川地貌特征，可以推论：华北东部地区曾经发育过第四纪大陆冰川，其范围可能达到山东的泰山以南，而全球更新世大冰盖的范围值得重新厘定。 相似文献
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冰筏沉积(ice-rafted deposits)作为一种古气候、古地理再造的有效记录,在欧洲和北美已有许多研究,而在我国研究较少。本文为作者在查阅国外有关冰筏沉积文献基础上,对冰筏沉积做一综述,以期引起广大沉积学同行的注意。一、冰筏沉积的研究历史及现状对冰川作用的研究,始于1840年,地质学家们在试图解释覆盖于北欧、英格兰及北美等地的巨厚大陆冰川时开始了冰川作用的研究,提出了冰川作用的理论。冰筏作用是冰川作用中的一种特殊类型。早在1842年,英国地质学家Cnarles Darwin在研究Tierra del Fuego东部地区冰川时就认识到其中的冰筏沉积,并且总结了冰筏形成的两种作用,即入海的冰 相似文献
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跃动冰川作为一种特殊类型的冰川,蕴含着巨大的灾害风险,对其开展监测研究具有重要意义。本研究基于1973年以来的Landsat影像、ASTER立体像对和ITS_LIVE数据产品,监测分析了帕米尔中部North Kyzkurgan冰川在跃动前、跃动中、跃动后的面积、高程、流速变化,揭示了该冰川完整的跃动发生过程。结果表明：North Kyzkurgan冰川是一条典型的跃动冰川,在1973—2011年处于恢复阶;2011—2016年处于跃动阶;2016年之后重新进入恢复阶。North Kyzkurgan冰川所在地区气候寒冷,降雪量丰富,同时该冰川积累区面积比率超过0.8,冰川作用正差近1 000 m,因此冰川补给物质充足。在积蓄区物质积累、不断增厚的情况下,冰川底部达到压力熔点,融水不断增多,在融水的润滑和顶托作用下,最终导致冰川发生跃动。因此,North Kyzkurgan冰川跃动的发生主要与热力学因素有关。 相似文献
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在气候变暖背景下,全球大多数冰川加速退缩,冰川物质亏损严重,呈负平衡增长趋势。利用世界冰川监测服务处（WGMS）最新刊布的物质平衡资料,对全球重点监测冰川的物质平衡现状及结果进行扼要的总结和比较,分析了1980-2011年全球不同地区冰川物质平衡的区域特征、变化过程及总体变化趋势,评估了冰川物质平衡对海平面变化的贡献。结果表明：1980-2011年,全球冰川物质亏损严重,加速退缩,平均减薄了14 m,其中阿尔卑斯山脉及太平洋海岸山脉的退缩尤为明显,平均减薄了30 m左右;各地区冰川的平均物质平衡变化趋势与全球平均趋势基本保持一致,具有典型的纬度地带性分布特征;物质平衡变化过程分为正平衡波动型、负平衡波动型及负平衡持续增长型三类,但总体上处于负平衡持续增长趋势;在全球继续增温的未来,冰川将会继续退缩,物质亏损强度不断增大,负平衡趋势不断增强。冰川物质平衡对海平面上升的贡献呈增大趋势,且与全球气温上升基本上是同步的。 相似文献
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寒区和干旱区水文研究的回顾和展望 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
寒区和干旱区水文研究冰川,积雪,冻土,高寒山区和山前地带已初步形成了较完整的观测实验和研究体系,８０年代以来,在冰川融水径流,出山径流形成的观测实验,寒区水文过程,冰川作用流域水文过程和大气过程相互关系。乌鲁木齐地区的水资源问题,气候对水资源的影响,高亚洲冰冻圈水文,冰川洪水和融雪径流以及干旱区水文等方面已取得了多项研究成果,近年来,寒区和干旱区水文水资源的研究在内陆河流域水资源合理开发利用与社会 相似文献
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成冰纪全球冰期是地球历史上最极端的冰室气候事件,冰川作用波及赤道区域,全球可能都遭受了冰封,海洋广泛缺氧,生物演化进程迟滞。然而,冰期结束之后,大气氧浓度迅速升高,海洋发生逐步氧化,大型带刺疑源类和真核多细胞藻类在埃迪卡拉纪开始繁盛,出现最早的动物,地表生物圈发生了翻天覆地的变化。显然,成冰纪全球冰期事件是地球系统演化的重要转折。认识冰期的环境效应是认识埃迪卡拉纪生物演化的关键,也是打开地表宜居环境演化的钥匙。本文总结了近年来成冰纪全球冰期的气候假说、冰期沉积特征、海洋氧化还原条件及冰期后的大气与海洋环境剧变等方面的研究进展,简要分析了全球冰期研究中存在的问题,并对该领域未来研究提出了展望与建议。 相似文献
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FRANK LEHMKUHL LEWIS A. OWEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(2):87-100
Abundant glacial geologic evidence present throughout Tibet and the bordering mountains shows that glaciers have oscillated many times throughout the late Quaternary. Yet the timing and extent of glacial advances is still highly debated. Recent studies, however, suggest that glaciation was most extensive prior to the last glacial cycle. Furthermore, these studies show that in many regions of Tibet and the Himalaya glaciation was generally more extensive during the earlier part of the last glacial cycle and was limited in extent during the global Last Glacial Maximum (marine oxygen isotope stage 2). Holocene glacial advances were also limited in extent, with glaciers advancing just a few kilometers from their present ice margins. In the monsoon-influenced regions, glaciation appears to be strongly controlled by changes in insolation that govern the geographical extent of the monsoon and consequently precipitation distribution. Monsoonal precipitation distribution strongly influences glacier mass balances, allowing glaciers in high altitude regions to advance during times of increased precipitation, which are associated with insolation maxima during glacial times. Furthermore, there are strong topographic controls on glaciation, particular in regions where there are rainshadow effects. It is likely that glaciers, influenced by the different climatic systems, behaved differently at different times. However, more detailed geomorphic and geochronological studies are needed to fully explore regional variations. Changes in glacial ice volume in Tibet and the bordering mountains were relatively small after the global LGM as compared to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. It is therefore unlikely that meltwater draining from Tibet and the bordering mountains during the Lateglacial and early Holocene would have been sufficient to affect oceanic circulation. However, changes in surface albedo may have influenced the dynamics of monsoonal systems and this may have important implications for global climate change. Drainage development, including lake level changes on the Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions has been strongly controlled by climatic oscillations on centennial, decadal and especially millennial timescales. Since the Little Ice Age, and particularly during this century, glaciers have been progressively retreating. This pattern is likely to continue throughout the 21st century, exacerbated by human-induced global warming. 相似文献
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兰中伍 《沉积与特提斯地质》2023,43(1):180-187
华南南华系对应于国际上的成冰系,关于其沉积时限长期存在争议。近十余年来,通过高精度锆石U-Pb定年,已经基本敲定南华系的重要时间节点。长安组底界年龄被限定在ca. 717 Ma,莲沱组顶部沉积时间被限定在ca. 714 Ma。长安冰期中期暂时冰退的时间被限定在ca. 690 Ma,冰期终止时间限定在ca. 659 Ma。小行星撞击地球可能导致了长安冰期中期的暂时冰退,这期间形成的风暴沉积构造和丘状交错层理可以提供最直接的沉积学证据。结合世界其它地区报道的年龄,斯图特（长安）冰期的起止时间限定在了717～659 Ma。马力诺（南沱）冰期的启动时间被大致限定为649 Ma,终止时间被限定在ca. 635 Ma。结合世界其它地区年龄数据,马力诺冰期的启动时间可限定在649～639 Ma。随着后续工作的深入,马力诺冰期的启动时间范围应会被进一步缩小。华南南华系沉积时限的准确厘定对于理解全球成冰纪地质-生物-环境事件具有重要意义。马力诺冰期持续时间约14 Myr,远远小于长安冰期的持续时间（约58 Myr）。冰期末期大规模岩浆作用是导致这两次冰期持续时间不同的直接原因。通过模拟计算发现,扬子北缘... 相似文献
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新元古代冰期事件记录了“雪球地球”事件重要的地质信息。塔里木盆地周缘新元古代冰碛岩地层露头发育,是研究新元古代冰期事件的理想基地。由于发育多套新元古代火山岩,盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区新元古代冰碛岩地层时代已获得较多年代学数据约束;但盆地周缘其他地区新元古代冰碛岩地层公开报道年代学数据较少,不能准确限定其沉积时代,导致冰期事件对比存在争论。为此,本文选择塔里木盆地研究程度较低的西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰碛岩地层,开展岩石学、同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究,明确其冰期沉积特征,约束其沉积时代,开展冰期事件对比,讨论古气候风化条件等。南华系波龙组和雨塘组冰碛岩地层具有较低的化学蚀变指数(CIA),分别代表新元古代2次寒冷的冰川气候记录。冰川沉积及其相邻层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学数据显示,波龙冰期的起始年龄晚于(710±13) Ma,与全球Sturtian冰期对应;雨塘冰期的起始年龄不会早于(656±18) Ma,其结束年龄可被南华系顶界年龄635 Ma或上覆震旦系库尔卡克组碎屑锆石年龄(634±9) Ma限定,与全球Marinoan冰期对应。 相似文献
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Lewis A. Owen Edward Derbyshire Shaun Richardson Dougie I. Benn David J. A. Evans Wishart A. Mitchell 《第四纪科学杂志》1996,11(1):25-42
This paper presents the first glacial chronology for the Lahul Himalaya, Northern India. The oldest glaciation, the Chandra Glacial Stage, is represented by glacially eroded benches at altitudes greater than 4300 m above sea-level. This glaciation was probably of a broad valley type. The second glaciation, the Batal Glacial Stage, is represented by highly weathered and dissected lateral moraines, which are present along the Chandra valley and some of its tributaries. This was an extensive valley glaciation. The third major glaciation, the Kulti Glacial Stage, is represented by well-preserved moraines in the main tributary valleys of the Chandra valley. This represents a less extensive valley glaciation. Two minor glacial advances, the Sonapani I and II, are represented by small sharp-crested moraines, which are within a few hundred metres or few kilometres of the present-day glaciers. The change in style and extent of glaciation is attributed to an increase in aridity throughout the Quaternary, due either to global climatic change or uplift of the Pir Panjal mountains to the south of Lahul, which restricted the northward penetration of the south Asian summer monsoon. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Fingerprinting glacial silt in last glacial-age sediments from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and Bear Lake (BL) provides continuous radiocarbon-dated records of glaciation for the southeastern Cascade Range and northwestern Uinta Mountains, respectively. Comparing of these records to cosmogenic exposure ages from moraines suggests that variations in glacial flour largely reflect glacial extent. The two areas are at similar latitudes and yield similar records of glacial growth and recession, even though UKL lies less than 200 km from the ocean and BL is in the continental interior. As sea level began to fall prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), existing glaciers in the UKL area expanded. Near the beginning of the global LGM (26.5 ka), the BL record indicates onset of glaciation and UKL-area glaciers underwent further expansion. Both records indicate that local glaciers reached their maximum extents near the end of the global LGM, remained near their maxima for ~ 1000 yr, and underwent two stages of retreat separated by a short period of expansion. 相似文献
17.
To estimate the age of the glaciation in the New Siberian Islands, fossils of small mammals from the Sana-Balagan site (Faddeevsky Island, Russian Eastern Arctic) have been studied. The evolutionary degree of this fauna, which indicates the age of the sediments underlying the glacial deposits, suggests that the glaciation of the New Siberian Islands began no earlier than 190–210 thousand years ago. The new biochronological data in combination with 230Th/234U dates show that the geological event in question was synchronous with the Moscow glaciation or the Moscow stage of the Dnieper glaciation (the Vychegda glaciation, the final stage of the Saalian, the final stage of the Riss, the end of the MIS 6, 180–140 thousand years ago). 相似文献
18.
通常认为黔西南和黔南地区二叠纪栖霞组之下的一套陆缘碎屑岩地层,是石炭纪-二叠纪冈瓦纳大陆冰盖发育鼎盛时期大幅度海平面下降期间的沉积。最新研究表明,石炭纪-二叠纪冈瓦纳冰川是由多次不连续的冰川事件构成的。因此恢复该套以陆源碎屑岩为主地层的形成环境和堆积过程,探讨其成因与冈瓦纳冰川发育的关系,具有非常重要的科学意义。本研究查明了黔西南地区该套陆源碎屑岩的地层厚度和砂泥比值空间变化规律。在此基础上,选取碎屑岩发育最好的普安龙吟剖面开展沉积体系与成因研究。结果表明,沙子塘组主要是碳酸盐沉积体系,龙吟组和包磨山组主要为浅海陆棚三角洲沉积体系,梁山组以滨岸陆源碎屑沉积体系为主;二叠纪早期黔西南地区的陆棚相泥岩形成于冰川消融导致的海平面快速上升期间,三角洲沉积体系形成于海平面晚期高位域期间,而不是形成于冈瓦纳冰川增长期间的低位域沉积。冈瓦纳冰川的推进和消融是龙吟剖面二叠纪早期地层发育样式的主控因素。 相似文献
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N. M. Chumakov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(4):373-381
Glacial deposits occurring close to the Vendian-Cambrian boundary were discovered long ago in several regions of Asia and West Africa. New data of recent years confirm earlier observation and specify age constraints of these deposits. In certain sections, glacial sediments rest on beds with the Upper Vendian fossils (Vendotaenia sp., Sabellidites remains, and microfossils). In the Hoggar Highland, they discordantly overlie magmatic rocks ca. 560 Ma old. In the East Sayan Mts., the Upper Vendian Cloudina sp. have been found in the diamictite matrix. In Central Asia and Northwest China, cap dolomites conformably overlying glacial deposits grade upward into the chert-phosphatic sediments containing fossils (Tarim region), which are characteristic of the Anabarites trisulcatus Zone in the Nemakit-Daldynian Stage. Fossils of this zone have been found directly above glacial deposits in the East Sayan. According to all these data, the respective Baykonurian glaciation, as it is termed in this work, either antedated the Nemakit-Daldynian Age or was concurrent to its commencement. The glaciation is correlative with a significant negative δ13C excursion of ?5 to ?10‰. Judging from recent paleotectonic reconstructions, the Baykonurian glaciation was not regional in rank and left records in both hemispheres of the Earth. This glaciation resumes the well-known succession of the great glaciation event in the terminal Late Precambrian, i.e., the Sturtian, Marinoan, and Gaskiers glaciations. Hence, one cannot ignore the Baykonurian glaciation when analyzing the geological, biospheric, and biotic history of the Late Precambrian. 相似文献
20.
Evidence from the Trent terrace archive, Lincolnshire, UK, for lowland glaciation of Britain during the Middle and Late Pleistocene 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tom S. White Andy J. Howard 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(2):141-153
The late Middle Pleistocene fluvial terrace sequence of the lower Trent system, Lincolnshire (eastern England), provides an excellent record of environmental change, including evidence for the last two interglacial episodes. It also provides important stratigraphical evidence for the timing and extent of three separate glaciations. Two of these, the Anglian and Devensian, are well-established correlatives of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 12 and 2 respectively; the third is a hitherto un-named post-Anglian-pre-Devensian glaciation in eastern England that has been the subject of much previous speculation, but can now be attributed with some confidence to MIS 8. Crucially, the recognition of MIS 7 interglacial deposits within the Balderton-Southrey terrace of the proto-Trent indicates that the underlying Wragby Till, which is ascribed to this additional glaciation, was emplaced no later than MIS 8. The oldest terrace preserved within the lower Trent staircase, the Eagle Moor-Martin Terrace, is considered to be a complex glacial outwash terrace related to the Wragby Till glaciation. It is suggested that deposits representing MIS 11-9, which are conspicuously absent throughout the Trent system, were removed by this glaciation. This is a departure from previous interpretations, which have suggested MIS 10 or MIS 6 as the most likely stages in which an extensive post-Anglian-pre-Devensian lowland glaciation might have occurred in Britain. However, the widespread preservation of undisrupted post-MIS 8 fluvial sequences throughout the Trent valley and in neighbouring systems, within which MIS 7 interglacial deposits have now been recognized at a number of localities, indicates that ice sheets are unlikely to have advanced further into this catchment during MIS 6 than during the Devensian (MIS 2). Recognition of a British glaciation during MIS 8 corresponds with widespread evidence in Europe, which suggests that glacial deposits classified as ‘Saalian’ represent both MIS 8 and MIS 6; in many areas, distinguishing these remains controversial, as confident correlation with either stage is often only possible where glacial sediments interdigitate with well-constrained fluvial records. 相似文献