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1.
近百年中国北方沿海地区气温年代际变化及趋势预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(3)
以青岛为例,利用近百年的月平均气温资料,通过统计的方法分析了中国北方沿海地区四季气温变化,分析了气温年代际变化与太平洋海温以及太平洋海温年代际振荡(PDO)的关系,着重分析了气温正负位相年北半球平均环流形势和海平面气温。最后利用CMIP5模式数据预测青岛气候未来的变化趋势。结果表明:中国北方近海地区气温呈上升趋势,冬季温度上升幅度最大,夏季升温最小,气温变化与附近海域海温显著相关。各季节气温有年代际和50a变化周期,在年代际变化周期上与PDO周期有较好的同期和滞后相关性,春季和夏季尤为明显。青岛气温正负位相年平均环流形势明显相反,并且与北半球海平面气温异常联系紧密。全球变暖背景下,未来青岛气温仍将持续上升。 相似文献
2.
西太平洋暖池海温异常年夏季东亚大气环流特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料对西太平洋暖池区海表水温冷、暖异常年夏季东亚大气环流作了合成分析,与气候平均比较后发现:夏季暖池区暖异常时,在西太平洋上空的对流层低层产生一个强的反气旋偏差环流,因而不利于南海南部和赤道太平洋地区的西风发展,使热带夏季风强度减弱;在南海西部和中南半岛东部有偏差气流转向大陆,因而增强了偏南风,使副热带夏季风强度增强;在对流层中、下层副高脊线位置偏南,大约以400hPa为分界线,低层副高强度增强,高层副高强度减弱。西太平洋暖池冷异常年夏季东亚大气环流特征大致与上述情况相反,且强度或变化幅度小于暖异常年夏季。另外,与气候平均比较,暖异常年纬向Walker环流上升支大幅西移,而冷异常年该环流上升支则东移。 相似文献
3.
通过资料分析与数值模拟研究了西北太平洋低空环流特征及其与海面温度(SST)异常关系的季节性差异,得到如下结论:1)西北太平洋低空环流的空间尺度和位置在春季和夏季存在明显差异,从春季到夏季,异常环流范围缩小且中心位置向西北偏移; 2)西北太平洋低空环流与西北太平洋局地海温的相互作用存在季节差异,春季西北太平洋冷海温与上空反气旋异常之间存在相互作用,而夏季则以大气影响海洋为主,异常的反气旋/气旋可以加热/冷却其下垫面的海温,大气超前3～4 d影响海洋; 3)夏季异常反气旋环流(WNPAC)的维持主要来自非局地海温异常(北印度洋暖海温与中太平洋冷海温异常)的强迫,这两个海区对WNPAC的影响也存在季节性差异,北印度洋的影响主要体现在晚春至盛夏,而中太平洋则主要在晚夏发挥作用。 相似文献
4.
基于近40 a NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均高度场、风场、涡度场、垂直速度场以及NOAA重构的海面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)资料和美国联合台风预警中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)热带气旋最佳路径资料,利用合成分析方法,研究了前期春季及同期夏季印度洋海面温度同夏季西北太平洋台风活动的关系。结果表明:1)前期春季印度洋海温异常(sea surface temperature anomaly,SSTA)尤其是关键区位于赤道偏北印度洋和西南印度洋地区对西北太平洋台风活动具有显著的影响,春季印度洋海温异常偏暖年,后期夏季,110°～180°E的经向垂直环流表现为异常下沉气流,对应风场的低层低频风辐散、高层辐合的形势,这种环流形势使得低层水汽无法向上输送,对流层中层水汽异常偏少,纬向风垂直切变偏大,从而夏季西北太平洋台风频数偏少、强度偏弱,而异常偏冷年份则正好相反。2)春季印度洋异常暖年,西北太平洋副热带高压加强、西伸;而春季印度洋异常冷年,后期夏季西北太平洋副热带高压减弱、东退,这可能是引起夏季西北太平洋台风变化的另一原因。 相似文献
5.
《海洋气象学报》2017,(4)
使用1951年以来66 a的观测和再分析资料,通过合成分析的方法对比分析了厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜(El Nio/La Nia)伴随正/负印度洋偶极子(positive/negative Indian Ocean Dipole,pIOD/nIOD)发生年或独立发生年山东夏、秋季气温和降水的年际变化特征,结果表明,伴随IOD型和独立型El Nio/La Nia对山东夏、秋季气温和降水的影响在强度、范围、正负位相、空间型态上存在很大的差异。在气温方面,El Nio在p IOD的调制作用下对山东南部地区夏季气温年际变化的影响加强;El Nio与p IOD伴随发生时,山东秋季气温较常年偏高,而独立发生时气温则偏低,呈反位相变化;La Nia与n IOD伴随发生年夏季鲁西北气温较常年偏低,La Nia独立发生年夏季半岛东部气温较常年偏高,气温异常呈反位相变化;nIOD对La Nia的调制促进作用有利于山东秋季气温较常年异常偏高;850 h Pa气温异常与山东表面气温异常有很强的正相关关系。在降水方面,El Nio在pIOD的调制作用下容易引起山东北部地区夏季降水偏少,但会削弱其对山东中部地区秋季降水负异常的影响;La Nia在n IOD的调制作用下山东境内降水都较常年偏多,但降水异常地域分布非常不均,鲁西北降水较常年显著偏多;独立型La Nia更易引起鲁西北西部、鲁中、鲁南大部分地区夏季降水偏少。850 h Pa环流异常配合温度场异常对山东夏、秋季降水异常分布有一定的影响。 相似文献
6.
利用1951年以来65年的热带太平洋海表面温度数据和中国气温以及降水的站点观测资料,通过标准化处理和合成分析的方法,分析了山东气温和降水的季节气候特征及其年际变化,揭示了ENSO冷暖位相发展年及衰减年与山东气温和降水年际气候异常的关系。结果表明:在气温方面,山东地区春夏和秋冬季节温度分别呈经向和纬向分布,降水一年四季都表现为南多北少的特征;冬季鲁西北的气温年际变化在1°C以上,最为显著,而秋季气温的年际变化最不明显。对于降水的年际变化,夏季鲁西北、鲁南东部和胶州湾西部地区的年际变化最大,季节累计降水量异常最大达120mm以上,冬季降水年际变化最弱。ENSO对山东地区不同季节气温和降水异常强度的影响并非严格反对称,且存在显著的空间分布不均匀性;拉尼娜对山东气温年际变化的影响要比厄尔尼诺强、且影响范围广,厄尔尼诺对山东降水年际变化的影响更明显;厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜发展年和衰减年夏季对山东南部沿海地区(以青岛为例)气温正负变化的影响是反对称的,但是对内陆地区(以济南为例)而言,在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜发展年冬季以及衰减年夏季两者对济南气温的影响是一致的;ENSO发展年夏季和秋季,厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜对南部沿海地区和内陆降水的影响不对称,但是对衰减年夏季降水的影响是反对称的。 相似文献
7.
采用热带印度洋上层洋流的复EOF分解,对春季Wyrtki急流异常及其年际、年代际变化做了研究,并探讨了其与南海、南亚夏季风的关系。结果表明:该分解第一模态可称之为Wyrtki急流模态,其反映了每年5月份Wyrtki急流的总体强度;该强度有非常明显的8 a年际变化,这与亚洲夏季风年际变化之一相近;还有17 a和23 a的年代际变化,其中后者与热带外北太平洋主要气候模态PDO的周期相近。Wyrtki急流强度偏弱(强)年,南海、南亚夏季风建立大多偏早(迟),南海夏季风大多偏强(弱)。第二模态反映了Wyrtki急流在整个赤道印度洋东、西方向的不均匀性;其有非常明显的11 a和18~19 a的年代际变化,其中前者与热带外北太平洋次要气候模态NPGO的周期相近;此外该模态还有5 a的年际变化。 相似文献
8.
亚洲季风区雨季及高低空夏季风环流在建立、维持及撤退上存在着显著的时间差异,这种差异被称为"非同步性"。通过对1979～2006年CMAP降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料的分析,本文发现:(1)对于夏季风的建立,孟加拉湾中部至菲律宾海,低空850 hPa夏季西南风的建立日期明显要晚于雨季的开始,而阿拉伯海和印度地区雨季的开始则晚于夏季风的建立;对于200 hPa的高空环流,这种风雨非同步的关系与低空季风环流与降水建立的关系基本一致,但西北太平洋热带地区正好相反。(2)对于夏季风的撤退,低空850 hPa上,从75°E～125°E,夏季风的结束在雨季结束之前,其中孟加拉湾中部及南海中西部较为显著,而阿拉伯海中部以及菲律宾东南海域,雨季的结束远远早于(4～5个月)夏季风的撤退;对于200 hPa的高空环流,整个亚洲季风区夏到冬季型风场的转变要晚于雨季的撤退,但在15°N附近的印度半岛和中南半岛东部沿岸地区典型的春秋雨季转换区域,高空环流场的转换略早于雨季的终止。(3)南海北部地区,高空200 hPa环流表现出较为显著的冬夏季节翻转,与南海雨季的爆发联系紧密;印度地区雨季的开始与该处高低空异常Hadley环流的建立以及阿拉伯海上空夏季风的建立有密切联系,而与当地低空环流的季节性反转联系不大。 相似文献
9.
《海洋预报》2015,(6)
利用国家气候中心提供的中国160站逐月气温数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据中心提供的大气环流数据、NOAA提供的全球海表温度数据及美国冰雪中心的海冰数据,分析了1951—2011年我国冬季气温异常的时空变化特征。应用经验正交函数分解得到中国冬季气温变化的两种典型空间分布型态-全国一致型和南北相反型,三次样条函数拟合结果表明这两种分布型态均具有显著的趋势变化特征。同时,分别探讨了大气环流及外强迫因子的趋势变化及其对中国冬季气温变化趋势的影响,并综合分析了影响我国冬季气温趋势变化的海温(冰)等外强迫因子与东亚大气环流系统之间的相互配置及贡献。结果表明,强的热带海温异常变化是影响东亚大气环流及冬季气温变化的最主要外强迫因子。当热带印度洋与赤道中东太平洋海温同时偏高(低)时,冬季西伯利亚高压强度偏弱(强),AO处于正(负)位相,东亚冬季风强度偏弱(强),冬季气温呈一致偏高(低)变化;当热带印度洋海温偏高(低),赤道中东太平洋海温偏低(高)时,东亚冬季风强度偏弱(强),AO指数为负(正)位相,西伯利亚高压偏弱(强)的配置时,冬季气温易呈北冷(暖)南暖(冷)趋势变化。 相似文献
10.
渤、黄、东海海表面温度年际变化特征分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
将渤、黄、东海海表面温度作为一个整体场,研究其年际变化特征,并进一步探讨其与东亚季风场年际变化特征的关系.利用美国NOAA极轨卫星中的高级甚高分辨率辐射计(AVHRR)反演的海表面温度资料,采用EOF方法分冬夏两季对渤、黄、东海SST的年际变化做了初步分析,发现渤、黄、东海SST存在显著的年际变化周期,冬季存在5 a的显著变化周期,夏季存在4 a的显著变化周期,并研究了东亚季风场的年际变化对SST变化产生的影响.发现冬季日Nin0年东亚寒潮活动弱于La Nina年,El Nino年SST较La Nina年偏高;夏季El Nino.年东亚夏季风活动弱于La Nina年,El Nino年SST较La Nina年偏低,但是趋势不如冬季明显. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
17.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献