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利用2015年汉中市空气质量资料和同期的地面气象观测资料,统计分析了2015年汉中市空气质量与气象条件之间的关系。结果表明:2015年汉中市空气质量状况总体较好,以优良天气为主,达标率78%;空气质量指数和空气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5及CO质量浓度变化趋势基本一致,均表现为夏季最低,冬季最高,O3变化规律正好相反;降水能够有效清除空气污染物,净化空气,对于0~50mm的降水,降水量级越大,对空气污染物的清除作用越明显;汉中主导风向为偏东风和偏南风时,空气质量较差,为偏北风时,空气质量较好;风速对空气质量具有双重影响。 相似文献
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利用西安泾河站气象观测资料和西安空气质量指数、污染物质量浓度等,对2014—2016年春节期间西安市空气污染特征和气象条件的影响进行分析。结果表明:除夕夜间大量燃放烟花爆竹导致PM10和PM2.5质量浓度短时内骤增,但对SO2和NO2质量浓度影响不显著,春节期间空气污染主要是由细颗粒物(PM2.5)造成。气象条件对空气质量有明显影响。在静稳天气下风速小,湍流弱,贴地逆温持续存在,大气扩散能力差,春节期间烟花爆竹集中燃放,强污染源和大气扩散能力差是春节期间出现空气重污染的主要原因;而冷空气来临时,大气相对湿度降低,风速增大,湍流增强,大气扩散能力增强,加上降水的沉降作用,是空气质量改善的主要气象原因。 相似文献
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利用常州市空气质量资料、常规气象观测资料,分析了2012—2014年常州市空气质量与气象要素之间的关系。结果表明:1)近3 a常州市总体空气质量特征以良为主,污染率接近40%,夏季空气质量最好,秋季次之,冬季为空气质量最差的季节。2)风向对污染物的输送有重要影响,常州市常年以偏东南风向为主导风向,风带来的海上清洁空气对污染物的稀释有一定作用,当空气达重污染时,西北风分量显著增大,说明上游地区污染物的输送对常州市空气质量有较大影响;风速对污染物的扩散作用明显,风速越大,空气污染率越低。3)降水对空气污染具有显著的净化作用,降水量级增大时,空气质量的优良率增大。4)气温与空气质量直接关系较小,气温低时,大气层结稳定,加之人类供暖致使能耗增大,导致空气污染概率较大,气温高时,大气对流活动较多,易产生降水,空气质量优良率较高;湿度与空气质量关系则较为复杂,当未形成降水时,相对较高的湿度有利于空气重污染的产生。 相似文献
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潍坊市空气污染与气象条件的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004年3月~2005年2月每日08时的潍坊市气象观测资料和环境监测资料,分析了空气污染物浓度与各种气象条件的关系,结果表明:可吸入颗粒物PM10是潍坊市的主要污染物,污染物浓度有明显的季节变化,冬季高于夏季,各种污染物浓度与大雾、降水、风速等有明显的相关性。 相似文献
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该文利用空气质量、污染物资料、NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料及常规气象资料,分析2017年10月25日—11月3日防城港市一次持续性空气污染过程的污染物特征和气象条件。结果表明:此次空气污染过程首要污染物为臭氧,臭氧浓度存在日变化;气温与臭氧浓度变化存在显著正相关,相对湿度与臭氧浓度变化存在显著负相关;午后太阳辐射增强、湿度降低、无降水等气象条件有利于臭氧浓度的增加;500 hPa环流平直、地面为弱的高压脊、地面风速小、天气晴好少云、低层存在逆温层是本次持续性空气污染过程维持的有利气象条件。 相似文献
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利用 1 998— 2 0 0 3年西安市环境监测站提供的 SO2 、NO2 和 PM1 0质量浓度资料 ,分析研究了这 3种主要污染物的年际变化、年变化、季变化等时空变化特征及其与气象条件的关系。结果表明 :西安市区主要空气污染物年日均质量浓度总趋势是逐年递减 ,空气质量逐步得到改善 ;冬春两季空气污染严重 ,夏秋两季空气质量最好 ;空间分布上 SO2 和 NO2 以小寨商业区最高 ,PM1 0则以东郊纺织城地区最高。污染物质量浓度与气象条件密切相关 ,但在不同的季节与不同的污染物相关紧密的气象要素不同 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献