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本文对烟囱在水平与竖向地震动分量联合作用下的反应进行了分析,分析中考虑了包含竖向地震动的几何非线性的影响。分析结果表明,水平地震应力起主要作用,竖向地震应力也不可完全忽视,在上部它可达重力应力的50％—90％。几何非线性对水平地震应力的影响较小。本文还对烟囱竖向地震荷载进行了分析,给出了竖向地震荷载的近似计算公式。 相似文献
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地震对结构的破坏,传统观点认为水平地震力起着决定性作用,但我们分析很多种类型结构的大量震害后,却得出竖向地震力起主要作用的结论.我国多次地震的调查报告中都曾列举过直观上能看出竖向地震力起主要作用的很多震害.最近几年国内外的一些学者也发现了这一问题.有些国家的规范对竖向地震力作了大幅度的提高.因此,竖向地震力到底有多大的问题,已引起了地震工程学界的广泛注意.根据强震记录进行计算,技术问题已基本得到解决.但在强地震作用下结构真正的阻尼、力学性能,特别是地基的复杂影响都远远没有搞清,所以,计算结果可靠性有多大,还无法回答.本文分析了国内多次地震地面上多种物体的现象表明,它们的竖向加速度及结构的竖向地震力,远远高于传统观点.根据它来解释各种震害是令人满意的.所以,按反算办法,对计算竖向地震力的某些参数提出初步建议. 相似文献
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论结构物的竖向地震输入 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以烟囱为例研究了结构的竖向地震输入问题。研究结果表明,基础弹性和截面的变化对行波输入系数γ_v的影响很小。给定基础底部的地震输入,在地震工程感兴趣的频段内(0—20赫兹),|γ_v|=1,即基础不会引起竖向地震输入的放大。文献〔7〕采用的基础对地震输入具有很强的放大效应的假定是不合理的。 对于一般中等坚硬土壤,高耸结构-土竖向共同作用的结果很可能导致结构基底和附近自由地表地震动频谱的显著差异。文中导出的反映这一差异的传递函数T_v为下列课题的研究提供了线索:1.校正高耸结构物对竖向地面运动的影响,把结构基底的强震记录转化为自由场地面运动记录,以用于近场地震学的研究;2.将自由地面竖向运动记录转化为结构基底地面运动,以用作按反应谱理论计算结构反应的地震输入;3.通过对比理论和观测的传递函数T_v来推断结构-土系统竖向运动的整体动力特性。 就烟囱等高耸结构的竖向地震反应而言,对于一般中等坚硬土壤,整个结构-上体系的阻尼力主要来源于地基内的辐射阻尼。结构阻尼和辐射阻尼相比可以略去不计。所以将地基简化为静力弹簧的处理方法〔5〕只能运用于坚硬地基,其它情况下可能导致较大的误差。 本文还就当前我国地震工程界围绕竖向地震力的争论提出了一些看法。 相似文献
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对于烟囱在地震作用下的破坏现象的解释,目前存在着两种看法:一种认为大多数烟囱在地震作用下的破坏,主要是水平地震引起的,只在震中区竖向地震力有较大的影响;而另一种则认为水平地震虽然对烟囱破坏有一定影响,但烟囱破坏的主要原因是竖向地震力。持后一种观点的人,断言烟囱在地震时出现的多道裂缝,只能用竖向地震力来解释,而水平地震力不可能使烟囱出现多道裂缝和裂而不倒的现象,同时认为用水平地震力也很难解释烟囱上端出现裂缝这一事实。 基于上述原因,本文进行了烟囱模型的破坏现象的试验研究。结果表明,水平地震力同样可造成烟囱的多道裂缝和上部裂缝。 相似文献
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国外对隔震结构竖向地震反应的观测结果和对隔震结构竖向地震作用计算的规定,都与我国抗震规范有较大差别。本文通过反应谱和时程分析,讨论了多层隔震结构的竖向地震作用取值及竖向地震作用效应,对我国抗震规范的有关规定作了探讨,认为除位于近断层附近的隔震建筑外,其它隔震结构的竖向地震作用可取与不隔震结构相同;对于多层隔震建筑,多遇地震下可不考虑竖向地震作用,在罕遇地震下,应对所有隔震结构验算支座是否受拉或失稳,并且组合时应计入竖向地震作用效应。 相似文献
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本文采用子空间迭代法分析了单层膜型网壳结构的自振特性;推导了大跨空间结构几何非线性地震响应时程分析的计算过程,编制相应的计算程序,用振型分解反应谱法与时程法进行了结构地震响应特性分析。研究表明:膜型网壳结构的抗震性能比较好;用反应谱法分析时,水平地震作用下截断振型取15、竖向地震作用下取60可满足工程设计要求;用反应谱法计算结构竖向地震响应是安全可靠的,但进行水平地震响应分析时,最终还需用时程法进行验算。 相似文献
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神户大开地铁车站的地震反应分析 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
本文对阪神地震中大开地铁车站的地震破坏机理进行了分析，复反应分析方法的计算结果表明大开车站的中柱在水平和竖向地震动作用下产生的较大内力，导致了整个地下结构的破坏；计算结果还表明在阪神地震中，竖向地震动作用下地下结构所产生的内力比水平地震动作用下产生的内力要大。 相似文献
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双向耦合地震作用下滑移隔震结构振动控制及其优化研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前,滑移隔震结构的分析通常只考虑水平地震动而不考虑竖向地震动的影响,有关多向地震动及其相关性的研究也很少。水平与竖向地面运动具有相关性,从而影响控制效果,因此对双向耦合地震作用下滑移隔震结构模型的理论进行研究,建立动力分析模型并得出运动微分方程。以6层滑移隔震结构为例,对其进行地震反应分析。研究表明,在考虑竖向地震作用的情况下,滑移隔震结构也具有良好的控制作用,但是竖向地震作用的存在使结构的地震反应有不同程度的增加,其增量随着竖向地震作用的增加而增加。因此,在高烈度地区的滑移隔震结构应该考虑竖向地震作用对结构的影响。建立滑移隔震装置的参数优化设计模型,采用IHGA程序对结构的重要参数进行优化设计。结果表明,滑移隔震结构在各种工况下的各项地震反应均得到更好的控制。 相似文献
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Various methodologies and modelling criteria for analysing seismically reinforced concrete chimneys are now available. All require consideration of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects especially in designing tall chimneys. This becomes more critical when the soil deposit, on which the chimney is founded, is softer. Two examples are considered in this paper: a chimney of moderate height (110 meters) founded directly on a sedimentary rock layered half-space and another very tall chimney (230 meters), founded by means of short prefabricated piles on a deep, very soft, sand deposit. The method of analysis used is a conventional response spectrum modal analysis of a chimney lumped mass model, which includes shear deformation of the chimney shaft. To ignore this effect can lead to an underestimation of the shear force at chimney base level. The suggestions of the specification ACI STANDARD 307-88 are also considered. Different hypotheses to account for the SSI effects are assumed in the analyses which provide a set of conclusions of interest to the point of view of the designer. 相似文献
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江苏高邮、宝应MS4.9级地震现场震害调查与破坏原因研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
江苏高邮、宝应Ms4．9级地震在极震区造成了数10间农村民居不同程度和不同方式的破坏,出现人员伤亡。震后对地震灾害现场进行震害调查与破坏原因研究,典型的震害特征包括砖砌体、砖木和砖混结构房屋局部倾倒、墙体贯通开裂、房顶瓦片掀翻和烟囱倒塌等。农村民居遭到破坏的主要因素包括：选址不当、施工质量较差、砂浆强度不够、缺少圈梁和构造柱等。同时,分析了竖向地震作用和鞭梢效应等地震效应,讨论了砖砌体和砖混结构抗震设计的加固方法和改善抗震性能的构造措施等,为农村民居的抗震设防和减轻震害损失等提供参考。 相似文献
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对于烟囱这种高柔结构,按反应谱理论计算水平地震力,一般需要考虑三个振型,相当麻烦.我国的抗震规范除了规定振型分解法为一般计算法外,为了节约工程师的时间,还提出简化计算法.本文内容将包括下列两个方面.1.以振型分解法为准,本文首先论述美国加州1952年侧力规范最初提出、后来为很多国家规范采用的先计算基底剪力再分配于各高程处的办法以及略加修改订入我国1974年规范的计算法都将产生巨大的误差.2.提出两个误差远比上述二法为小、计算又非常方便的简化计算法,以供讨论. 相似文献
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During the past strong ground motions, chimneys constructed according to international standards are representative of similar structures at industrial areas throughout the world, including those collapsed or moderately damaged in earthquake-prone regions. This is due to the specialty of structural characteristics and the special loads acting on the structure such as earthquakes, wind and differences in the level of temperature, etc. In this context, the researchers and designers should focus on the dynamic behavior of chimneys especially under high temperature and seismic effects. For this purpose, the main focus of this study is to evaluate the dynamic response of a chimney under the above-mentioned effects considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). A 52 m steel chimney in Yeşilyurt township of Samsun City in Turkey was studied. The in-situ model testing and numerical models were compared. Before the commissioning of the chimney, a series of tests was realized to define its dynamic characteristics in case of no-heat and after the fabric got to work, the same tests were repeated for the same sensor locations to understand the heat effect on the dynamic response of the chimney. The ambient vibration tests are proven to be fast and practical procedures to identify the dynamic characteristics of those structures. The dynamic testing of the towers promises a widespread use, as the identification of seismic vulnerability of such structures becomes increasingly important. The data presented in this study are considered to be useful for the researchers and engineers, for whom the temperature and SSI effects on steel chimneys are a concern. Using the modal analysis techniques, presented finite element simulation for the soil/pile foundation-chimney interaction system is verified. The results of modal analyses using numerical solutions are shown to have acceptable accuracy compared with results obtained by in-situ test. The present study also aims to provide designers with material examples about the influence of these on the seismic performance of steel chimneys by means of reflecting the changes in the dynamic behavior. 相似文献
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Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin,
growth history and formation environment of hydrothermal chimney at EPR 9-10°N are established. It is shown that there occur
two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9-10°N according to differences in their shape,
structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing
hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment.
Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions
of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages,
the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of temperature
and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I
chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney
in the early stage of chimney forma-tion. 相似文献
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Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydrothermal chimney at EPR 9―10°N are established. It is shown that there occur two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9―10°N according to differences in their shape, structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment. Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages, the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of temperature and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney in the early stage of chimney formation. 相似文献
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Observational evidence suggests that black smoker chimneys are formed by the precipitation of anhydrite from seawater producing a solid framework which is replaced successively by iron, zinc and copper sulfides. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this process using a laboratory model in which KNO3 is first crystallized from a warm, nearly saturated solution round an inflowing plume of cold K2CO3. The chimney grows in length at a nearly constant rate and, at the same time, it thickens as heat conduction causes further crystallization. The dynamic replacement process has been modelled separately, with CuSO4 passed through a previously formed chimney of KNO3 and flowing out through the porous walls when the flow rate, and hence the pressure difference, is increased. The formation of chimneys at a line or slit source has also been investigated in the laboratory. It has been shown that, in this case, the slit is quickly blocked off by crystallization over most of its length and that the growth is concentrated at just a few points to form a small number of nearly axisymmetric chimneys.A theory has been developed which predicts both the diameter of the outlet vent and the sign of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of an axisymmetric chimney of constant internal diameter for a specified flow rate and density difference. It suggests that changes in flow rate or in the internal diameter of the chimney can cause fluid to flow in or out through the porous wall, leading to changes in the position of mineral stability fields within the evolving chimney. The theory has been extended to describe the pressure distribution in tapering interior conduits and it leads to the conclusion that the direction of flow through a porous chimney can reverse along its length. 相似文献