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1.
Development of a 3D groundwater model based on scarce data: the Wadi Kafrein catchment/Jordan 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Yajie Wu Wenqing Wang Mathias Toll William Alkhoury Martin Sauter Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):771-785
In this work, a 3D groundwater flow model integrating all important geological features of the hydrogeological system is developed
to investigate hydrological processes in the Wadi Kafrein area of Jordan. A large amount of available geological and hydrological
data is integrated to construct a 3D groundwater flow model for the Wadi Kafrein area. Using the newly developed mapping approach,
the translation of the highly detailed geological formations to an unstructured finite element grids, can be accomplished
with high precision. The existing data set for model calibration is scarce, which is a typical situation for many hydrogeological
case studies. At first, the steady state calibration of the groundwater model is carried out based on the observation wells.
Then, the time and space-dependent recharge from precipitation are applied at the top surface of the finite element model.
The transient simulation is conducted during the period of 1996–2008 considering the abstraction rates of the production wells
and discharge of the springs. The calculated water levels are close to the observed values. The difference is partly caused
by return flows from irrigation and the groundwater inflow from the adjacent aquifers which are not taken into consideration
so far. Since the Wadi Kafrein area is an important agricultural area in the semiarid region of the Lower Jordan Valley, the
model developed in this study can be regarded as a useful tool for analyzing the hydrological processes and improving groundwater
management practices elsewhere affected by similar geological and hydrogeological conditions. 相似文献
2.
Gropius M. Dahabiyeh M. Al Hyari M. Brückner F. Lindenmaier F. Vassolo S. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1769-1787
Jordan suffers from water scarcity and groundwater covers the majority of Jordan’s water supply. Therefore, there is an urgent need to manage this resource conscientiously. A regional numerical groundwater flow model, developed as part of a decision support system for the country of Jordan, allows for quantification of the overexploitation of groundwater resources and enables determination of the extent of unrecorded agricultural groundwater abstraction. Groundwater in Jordan is abstracted from three main aquifers partly separated by aquitards. With updated geological, structural, and hydrogeological data available in the country, a regional numerical groundwater flow model for the whole of Jordan and the southernmost part of Syria was developed using MODFLOW. It was first calibrated for a steady-state condition using data from the 1960s, when groundwater abstraction was negligible. After transient calibration using groundwater level measurements from all aquifers, model results reproduce the large groundwater-level declines experienced in the last decades, which have led to the drying out of numerous springs. They show a reversal of groundwater flow directions in some regions, due to over-abstraction, and demonstrate that documented abstractions are not sufficient to cause the observed groundwater-level decline. Only after considering irrigation water demand derived from remote sensing data, the model is able to simulate these declines. Illegal abstractions can be quantified and predictive scenarios show the potential impact of different management strategies on future groundwater resources.
相似文献3.
Tatiana Diniz Gonçalves Thomas Fischer Agnes Gräbe Olaf Kolditz Holger Weiss 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):617-631
In order to understand the groundwater dynamics and to improve the management of water resources in the Federal District of Brazil, this research proposes a 3D groundwater flow model to represent the groundwater level and flow system. The selected test site was the Pipiripau catchment. The development of the model was based on available geological, hydrogeological, geomorphological, climatological and pedological data. Geological and hydrogeological data were used to generate the 3D groundwater flow model. The 3D mesh elements of the domain were generated through the Groundwater Modeling System software, based on the logs of the well materials. The numerical simulation of the finite element method was implemented in the framework of the scientific software OpenGeoSys. With the 3D mesh-appropriated boundary conditions, annual average infiltration data and hydrogeological parameters were incorporated. Afterwards, the steady-state model was calibrated by the PEST software using available data of the water level from wells. The results showed the distribution of the steady-state hydraulic heads in the model domain, where the highest values occurred in the east and west recharge areas and the lowest values were found in the southwest of the basin. The results of this study can be a used as initial condition for the transient groundwater flow simulation and to provide a scientific basis for water resource management. 相似文献
4.
Groundwater simulation using a numerical model under different water resources management scenarios in an arid region of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shaoyuan Feng Zailin Huo Shaozhong Kang Zejun Tang Fengxin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):961-971
Groundwater plays an important role in the economic development and ecological balance of the arid area of northwest China.
Unfortunately, human activity, for example groundwater extraction for irrigation, have resulted in excessive falls in groundwater
level, and aquifer overdraft in the oasis, disrupting the natural equilibrium of these systems. A groundwater numerical model
for Minqin oasis, an arid area of northwest China, was developed using FEFLOW software to simulate regional groundwater changes
under transient conditions. The vertical recharge and discharge (source/sink terms) of the groundwater models were determined
from land-use data and irrigation systems for the different crops in the different sub-areas. The calibrated model was used
to predict the change for the period from 2000 to 2020 under various water resources management scenarios. Simulated results
showed that under current water resources management conditions groundwater levels at Minqin oasis are in a continuous drawdown
trend and groundwater depth will be more than 30 m by 2020. Reducing the irrigation area is more effective than water-saving
irrigation to reduce groundwater decline at Minqin oasis and the annual groundwater budget would be −0.978 × 108 m3. In addition, water-diversion projects can also reduce the drawdown trend of groundwater at Minqin oasis, and the groundwater
budget in the Huqu sub-area would be in zero equilibrium if the annual inflow into the oasis was enhanced to 2.51 × 108 m3. Furthermore, integrative water resources management including water-diversion projects, water-saving irrigation, and reducing
the irrigation area are the most effective measures for solving groundwater problems at Minqin oasis. 相似文献
5.
The Central Valley in California (USA) covers about 52,000 km2 and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation water demand. Because the valley is semi-arid and surface-water availability varies substantially, agriculture relies heavily on local groundwater. In the southern two thirds of the valley, the San Joaquin Valley, historic and recent groundwater pumpage has caused significant and extensive drawdowns, aquifer-system compaction and subsidence. During recent drought periods (2007–2009 and 2012-present), groundwater pumping has increased owing to a combination of decreased surface-water availability and land-use changes. Declining groundwater levels, approaching or surpassing historical low levels, have caused accelerated and renewed compaction and subsidence that likely is mostly permanent. The subsidence has caused operational, maintenance, and construction-design problems for water-delivery and flood-control canals in the San Joaquin Valley. Planning for the effects of continued subsidence in the area is important for water agencies. As land use, managed aquifer recharge, and surface-water availability continue to vary, long-term groundwater-level and subsidence monitoring and modelling are critical to understanding the dynamics of historical and continued groundwater use resulting in additional water-level and groundwater storage declines, and associated subsidence. Modeling tools such as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model, can be used in the evaluation of management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts due to subsidence while also optimizing water availability. This knowledge will be critical for successful implementation of recent legislation aimed toward sustainable groundwater use. 相似文献
6.
地下水资源数值法计算技术要求：行业标准介绍 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
韩再生 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(4):47-49
地下水资源数值法计算技术要求作为一部行业标准,提出了应用数值法进行地下水资源计算中的资料、水文地质条件的概化、数值模型的建立、地下水预报、地下水均衡计算和应提交的成果等技术要求,满足了地下水勘查和地下水资源评价的需要。 相似文献
7.
A conceptual and numerical model for groundwater management: a case study on a coastal aquifer in southern Tuscany, Italy 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Piero Barazzuoli Monica Nocchi Roberto Rigati Massimo Salleolini 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(8):1557-1576
Ongoing hydrogeological research aims to develop a correct management model for the Plio-Pleistocene multi-aquifer system of the Albegna River coastal plain (southern Tuscany, Italy); overexploitation of this aquifer for irrigation and tourism has caused seawater intrusion. The conceptual model is based on field and laboratory data collected during the 1995–2003 period. Meteoric infiltration and flows from the adjoining carbonate aquifer recharge the aquifer. Natural outflow occurs through a diffuse flow into the sea and river; artificial outflow occurs through intensive extraction of groundwater from wells. Water exchanges in the aquifer occur naturally (leakage, closing of aquitard) and artificially (multiscreened wells). The aquifer was represented by a three-dimensional finite element model using the FEFLOW numerical code. The model was calibrated for steady-state and transient conditions by matching computed and measured piezometric levels (February 1995–February 1996). The model helped establish that seawater intrusion is essentially due to withdrawals near the coast during the irrigation season and that it occurs above all in the Osa-Albegna sector, as well as along the river that at times feeds the aquifer. The effects of hypothetical aquifer exploitation were assessed in terms of water budget and hydraulic head evolution. 相似文献
8.
9.
Groundwater flow in the Leon-Chinandega aquifer was simulated using transient and steady-state numerical models. This unconfined aquifer is located in an agricultural plain in northwest Nicaragua. Previous studies were restricted to determining groundwater availability for irrigation, overlooking the impacts of groundwater development. A sub-basin was selected to study the groundwater flow system and the effects of groundwater development using a numerical groundwater flow model (Visual MODFLOW). Hydrological parameters obtained from pumping tests were related to each hydrostratigraphic unit to assign the distribution of parameter values within each model layer. River discharge measurements were crucial for constraining recharge estimates and reducing the non-uniqueness of the model calibration. Steady-state models have limited usefulness because of the major variation of recharge and agricultural pumping during the wet and dry seasons. Model results indicate that pumping induces a decrease in base flow, depleting river discharge. This becomes critical during dry periods, when irrigation is highest. Transient modeling indicates that the response time of the aquifer is about one hydrologic year, which allows the development of management strategies within short time horizons. Considering further development of irrigated agriculture in the area, the numerical model can be a powerful tool for water resources management. 相似文献
10.
Addai Obeng Millicent Fynn Obed Fiifi Loh Yvonne Sena Akosua Chegbeleh Larry-Pax Alo Clement Yidana Sandow Mark 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(4):1101-1119
A groundwater resource characterisation and assessment model was developed for Nasia river sub-basin in the White Volta Basin, Ghana. The model is useful to policymakers for planning and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the basin for domestic and irrigation purposes. A conceptual model was constructed that characterized boundary conditions and hydrostratigraphy, and estimated recharge rates and hydraulic and storage parameters. From current understanding of the hydrogeological dynamics, three hydrostratigraphic layers were delineated. The conceptual model was converted to a three-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow model using MODFLOW. Recharge rates estimated from the base model indicate a minimum of 1.1% and maximum of 6.2% of the total rainfall. The hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.20 and 15 m/day. Four possible scenarios were simulated: (1) increased population, (2) climate variations (reduced recharge), (3) increased abstraction for irrigation, and (4) worst-case scenario which is a combination of the first three scenarios. Results from scenarios 1 and 2 indicated that, under such conditions, the groundwater resources could be sustained and no significant effect on any of the water budget indicators was observed. For scenario 3, there was significant drop in hydraulic head in the central portions of the study area. The scenario 4 simulation indicated that there was significant reduction in groundwater levels and groundwater discharge into streams under these stressors. Such reduction can affect stream levels in the basin and, subsequently, the ecosystem. These findings are valid within the limits of uncertainty in the hydrogeological data that were used in this study.
相似文献11.
本文运用数字水文地质概念模型的方法建立了乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原的地下水流模型,并用流量边界与柴窝堡盆地和河谷区的地下水流模型相接,构成一个统一的流域地下水模型,为乌鲁木齐河流域水资源整体规划利用提供了模拟分析工具。北部平原的南部倾斜平原为砂卵砾石组成的大厚度潜水含水层,北部细土平原为多层结构。地下水总体上由南向北径流,天然状态下在交界地带溢出成泉或流入沙漠。目前,地下水循环基本上由人为控制。农田灌溉回归补给量与河流和山前侧向补给量持平;而开采量已是绝对的排泄量。季节性开采造成地下水位季节性大幅度变化。水位的下降使蒸发蒸腾量减少,减轻了由于灌溉造成的土壤盐碱化问题。 相似文献
12.
C. Di Salvo M. Moscatelli R. Mazza G. Capelli G. P. Cavinato 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(7):2279-2299
As established in the European Water Framework Directive, the development of groundwater numerical models is fundamental for adopting water management plans aimed at preserving the water resource and reducing environmental risks. In this paper, authors present a methodology for the estimation of groundwater resource of an alluvial valley, in an urban area characterized by a complex hydrostratigraphic setting and scarcity of hydrogeological data; the study area is the urban and sub-urban area of Rome (Italy). A previous, elaborated hydrostratigraphic model set the base for the development of 3D, steady state, sub-basin scale numerical model, implemented by the finite-difference code MODFLOW 2000®; the water system components were derived by elaboration of available data. The alluvial aquifer of the Tiber River Valley, which runs in the middle of the City in a NNW–SE direction, has been analyzed in detail, since it is covered by a densely populated area hosting most of Rome’s historical heritage, and it is characterized by low quality geotechnical parameters. Results suggest that in areas with high hydrostratigraphic complexity and scarcity of hydrogeological data, a sub-basin scale, and steady-state numerical model can be very helpful to verify the conceptual model and reduce the uncertainty on the water budget components. The proposed steady-state model constitutes the base for future applications of transient state and local scale models, required for sustainable water management. 相似文献
13.
Werapol Bejranonda Manfred Koch Sucharit Koontanakulvong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2079-2086
Many irrigation projects in the central plain of Thailand are not capable of providing sufficient surface water for the cultivation of rice, which is the major cash crop for Thai farmers. To overcome this surface water deficiency, which has been exacerbated in recent years by climate change, groundwater is increasingly being used for irrigation. Thus, large sections of agriculture lands have been converted to conjunctive water use regions. While conjunctive water use may be a suitable option to overcome the temporary water shortages on a short-term basis, it may pose a particular threat to the overall water resources in the long term, if not properly managed. As a remedy, conjunctive water management policies ought to be adopted. Conjunctive water management is basically a tool to optimize productivity, equity, and environmental sustainability through simultaneous management of surface water and groundwater resources. As of now, such a comprehensive approach has not been yet employed in the upper Chao Phraya basin of Thailand, and the present study is one of the first of this kind. The study region is the Plaichumpol Irrigation Project (PIP) where conjunctive water use has become indispensable for meeting the increasing water requirements for farming. To get a first grip on the issue, water demand, supply and actual use in the study area were investigated for the purpose of providing possible guidelines for optimal water exploitation. A numerical groundwater model with a special module for simulating surface-groundwater interaction was applied in the PIP area to understand the impact of the farmer’s irrigation behavior on the dominant hydrological processes that determine the seasonal and multi-annual water availability in the irrigation area. A set-up of different agricultural water allocation schemes that depend on the local weather conditions and the regional management rules are examined by the numerical models. The results of the simulations provide adaptation guidelines for the proper management of the conjunctive water resources, namely, optimal water utilization. The numerical results for the surface groundwater in particular indicated that while the irrigation canals recharge water to the aquifer during both dry and wet season, small amounts of discharge from the aquifers to the canals occur only during the wet season. The analysis of the groundwater balance also showed that the present available groundwater potential is not fully exploited by the farmers, especially during the dry periods of surface water shortage. In contrast, the adoption of an optimal conjunctive management scheme would ensure extra water availability for additional annual rice crops in the region. 相似文献
14.
Groundwater drawdown at Nankou site of Beijing Plain: model development and calibration 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
Feng Sun Haibing Shao Thomas Kalbacher Wenqing Wang Zhongshan Yang Zhenfang Huang Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(5):1323-1333
Water shortage and groundwater pollution have become two primary environmental concerns to Beijing since the 1990s. The local
aquifers, as the dominant sources for domestic and agricultural water supply, are depleting due to groundwater abstraction
and continuous drought in recent years with rapid urbanization and increasing water consumption. Therefore, understanding
the hydrogeological system is fundamental for a sustainable water resources management. In this article, the numerical analysis
of a 3-D regional groundwater flow model for the Nankou area is presented. The hydrogeological system is reproduced according
to sparsely distributed boreholes data. The numerical analysis is carried out using the scientific software OpenGeoSys, which
is based on the finite element method. The model calibration and sensitivity analysis are accomplished with inverse methods
by applying a model independent parameter estimation system (PEST). The results of the calibrated model show reasonable agreements
with observed water levels. The transient groundwater flow simulations reflect the observed drawdown of the last 9 years and
show the formation of a depression cone in an intensively pumped area. 相似文献
15.
在分析水文地质条件的基础上,采用遥感技术准确确定了北京市平原区地下水系统边界,并建立了地下水系统概念模型。采用基于有限元原理的FEFLOW软件建立了相应的地下水数值模拟模型,以2000年到2003年连续4个枯水年的地下水位动态资料对模型进行了验证和识别。运用识别后的模型进行了现状地下水水均衡、各典型水文年的补给量和开采潜力分析,并提出了地下水合理开发利用对策。研究表明识别后的模型置信程度较高,反映了实际的水文地质条件;2000年至2003年地下水系统均衡分别为-7.73亿m3、-6.02亿m3、-5.95亿m3和-4.38亿m3,补给总量分别为16.98亿m3、18.68亿m3、18.75亿m3和20.32亿m3;多年平均地下水补给资源量为22.98亿m3。平谷和昌平地区地下水还有开采潜力,密怀顺平原和城近郊区地下水已过量开采。地下水的合理开发利用应致力于开源节流、地表水地下水联合调蓄和中水回用。 相似文献
16.
南水北调工程是优化我国水资源配置、解决北方水资源短缺问题的重大举措。由于南水北调中线工程的调蓄作用,河南省受水地区水源结构的改变对主要的供水水源第四系地下水资源势必造成一定的影响。论文在建立河南平原地下水流数值模型的基础上,按照受水区的分配水量相应压采各城市的浅层地下水开采量,模拟预测南水北调中线工程实施后第四系地下水流系统的演化趋势。预测结果表明: 河南平原受水区浅层地下水位都得到了不同程度的恢复,到2010年,郑州市、新乡市、濮阳市漏斗中心水位相比南水北调中线工程实施前（2007年1月1日）将分别提高6.64m,8.15m和4.15m,很大程度上减轻了地下水的开采压力,有效地恢复了地下水位降落漏斗,缓解了当地水资源的供需矛盾; 但是由于农业灌溉超量开采地下水,河南平原中部和东部的非受水区浅层地下水位仍持续下降; 南部尽管不在受水区范围内,但是供水水源主要来自地表水,所以浅层地下水位无明显变化。结合前人的供需水量预测结果,到2010年,南水北调中线工程分配给受水区的水量与受水区的需水量基本持平。 相似文献
17.
通过对淮北市地质、水文地质条件的综合分析 ,建立了淮北市双含水层系统水文地质概念模型。引入准三维流数学模型进行地下水动态预报及建立地下水管理模型。用线性规划模型提出淮北市地下水资源的最佳管理方案。最后提出开展地下水回灌研究、建立岩溶含水层地下水库、限制发展耗水型工业及用法律和经济手段管理水资源开发等建议 相似文献
18.
In many arid and semi-arid areas, intensive cultivation is practiced despite water commonly being a limiting factor. Often, irrigation water is from local aquifers or imported from out-of-area aquifers and surface reservoirs. Irrigation return flows become a significant local recharge source, but they may deteriorate aquifer water quality. La Aldea valley, located in the western sector of Gran Canaria Island (Atlantic Ocean), is a coastal, half-closed depression in altered, low-permeability volcanics with alluvium in the gullies and scree deposits over a large part of the area. This area is intensively cultivated. Irrigation water comes from reservoirs upstream and is supplemented (average 30 %) by local groundwater; supplementation goes up to 70 % in dry years, in which groundwater reserves are used up to exhaustion if the dry period persists. Thus, La Aldea aquifer is key to the water-supply system, whose recharge is mostly from return irrigation flows and the scarce local rainfall recharge on the scree formations, conveyed to the gully deposits. To quantify the hydrogeological conceptual model and check data coherence, a simplified numerical model has been constructed, which can be used as a tool to help in water management. 相似文献
19.
地下水资源是北京供水系统的支柱,设立地下水水源地保护区,是保护水源地最大可能免受人类活动影响、保证水质安全的重要措施。论文以北京市某典型水源地为例,在收集相关水文地质勘查、长期动态观测、水源地开采现状、规划及周边污染源调查等成果资料的基础上,建立了地下水系统水文地质概念模型,模拟出地下水流场。通过质点追踪技术,计算水源地水力捕获带范围。综合考虑水源地周边地形、地物和潜在风险污染源等因素,确定了水源地保护区的范围。结果表明,数值模拟法能客观详细地刻画实际地下水含水层的结构与水文地质条件,划分结果可靠、准确,能为地下水管理部门提供有效合理的保护依据。 相似文献
20.
构建合理的水文地质概念模型对于地下水数值模拟至关重要,概念模型如果确定不合理,整个数值模拟将毫无意义。通常水文地质调查可以大致确定水文地质概念模型,然而对于一些不易被发现的补给源,通过水文地质调查也无法确定。水化学和同位素特征对地下水的补给源及水流路径有很好的指示作用,可以根据这些信息对水文地质概念模型进行细化。文章通过对研究区地下水取样,分析地下水水化学和同位素特征,确定出研究区内不易识别的地下水补给源及顶层黏土-粉质黏土的透水性,最终细化了水文地质概念模型边界条件。这对于后期得到正确的地下水流和溶质运移模拟结果具有重要意义。 相似文献