共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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秋茄红树林不同季节落叶分解失重速率研究表明:落叶的干重损失速率是夏>秋>春>冬。就失重过程而言,最高的失重速率和季节间最明显的分解速率差异都出现于分解初期,淋溶作用很可能是引起这一分解特征的重要原因。落叶在林地滩面外滩(中潮带).中滩和内滩(高潮蒂)分解28d时的失重率分别为53.4%、44.8%和48.9%,即外滩>内滩>中滩。中潮带比高潮带具有较高的潮浸频度和滩面潮湿度,使得落叶在中潮带的分解快于高潮带。 相似文献
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研究了不同因素对侧孢短芽孢杆菌（Brevibaci Uuslaterosporus）无菌滤液溶藻效果的影响,并对无菌滤液进行了紫外光谱扫描分析,探讨侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物的物质特性、探究物质的组成成分．结果显示：无菌滤液分别经不同温度、pH值、蛋白酶和紫外照射时间处理后,均仍具有极为显著的溶藻能力（P〈0．01）,溶藻实验7d后颤藻（Oscillatoria sp．）叶绿素a质量浓度的平均下降率分别为：58．65％、63．88％、61．50％和62．61％,藻体干重的平均下降率分别为：39．77％、39．30％、36．49％和37．02％,表明溶藻活性代谢物质具有耐酸、耐碱、耐高温、抗蛋白酶水解、抗紫外辐射的特性;同时,分别在4、28℃环境中贮存28d的无菌滤液,始终保持着极高的溶藻活性,溶藻实验7d后颤藻叶绿素a质量浓度的平均下降率分别为：50．84％和60．39％,藻体干重的平均下降率分别为：37．82％和37．54％,说明该物质的结构极其稳定,在环境中可长久存在;另外,加热与未加热处理的无菌滤液的紫外光谱最大吸收峰都在290～300nm之间．分析表明,溶藻活性代谢产物极大程度上属于具有极强稳定性的肽类物质． 相似文献
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于１９８９年３月－１９８９年９月，利用极谱测定法研究了无机诱变剂Ｃｄ在３级实验食物（链从褐指藻经中国对虾至欧氏六线鱼）中的传递，并对积累Ｃｄ的中国对虾和欧氏六线鱼肌肉和内脏灰样进行了紫露草微核测定。结果表明，Ｃｄ浓度在传递中依次减少；经过６ｄ喂食，Ｃｄ从褐指藻到中国对虾的传递比例为６６．６％；经过７ｄ喂食，Ｃｄ从中国对虾到欧氏六线鱼的传递比例为２９．９％。ｔ测验发现，处理组对虾内脏灰样与肌肉灰样之 相似文献
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海水pH对疏浚物中重金属释放的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对厦门员当湖污染疏浚物中的Ｃｄ，Ｃｕ和Ｐｂ在不同ｐＨ的天然海水中溶出的模拟研究结果表明：在ｐＨ为５．０，６．５，８．３条件下，疏浚物中的Ｃｄ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ的释放率分别为８０％－９４％，４％－９％和１．０％－２．２％；在相同条件下，Ｃｄ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ的释放量（释放量）均随ｐＨ值增大而减少，释放量的顺序为Ｃｄ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｂ。讨论了ｐＨ对释放作用的影响及释放过程所遵循的动力学规律。 相似文献
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福建紫泥岛海域溶解态铜,铅,镉的分布行为 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了１９９０年６月和１１月福建九龙江口紫泥岛海域表层水中溶解态Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的分布行为。结果表明，Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ均呈添加行为，Ｐｂ６月基本呈除去行为，而１１月呈添加行为。Ｃｄ的添加源自有机质分解再生和或颗粒的释放。６月Ｃｕ和１１月Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ的添加分别源自有机质分解再生和再悬浮沉积物的释放。 相似文献
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贻贝在不同贮藏温度下磷脂含量变化初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对贮藏在２０℃、５℃、－ １０℃和－ １８℃温度下的鲜活紫贻贝做了磷脂总量变化的研究,运用高压液相和比色法检测了贻贝在不同贮藏温度和时间下的磷脂组分及其含量。发现在－ １８℃贮藏２０ｄ,磷脂总量损失了２４．６４％ ,而在２０℃放置１ｄ,就损失２１．８４％ 。说明磷脂酶活性受温度的影响很大 相似文献
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初步评估了复方有机疗效助长剂在日本对虾养殖中的应用效果。在水湿１９－２９℃、盐度１７－２８下，经４０ｄ饲养，实验池对虾的平均体长为３．９４ｃｍ，增长率为０．８ｍｍ／ｄ平均体重显０．７８ｇ，而对照池对虾的平均体长是２．５４ｃｍ，增长率为０．４３ｍｍ／ｄ，平均体重为０．２５ｇ。实验池对虾的平均体长与体重分别是对照池的１．５５倍、３．１２倍。 相似文献
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Mangrove forests can provide important cross-boundary subsidies of organic matter to adjacent habitats through the production, export, decomposition and assimilation of litter. We quantified two of these components in a temperate mangrove forest in Whangamata Harbour, New Zealand: 1) litter production; and 2) decomposition rates as a function of tidal elevation, sediment type and burial depth. Litter traps sampled monthly for a year measured an annual detrital input of 3.24–5.38 t DW ha?1, of which 77% occurred in summer. Decomposition rates depended on litter type, with leaves decomposing faster (63 d to decay by 50%) than pneumatophore and wood material (316 and 460 d, respectively). Buried leaf and wood litter decomposed 1.3–1.4 times slower than litter on the sediment surface; however, tidal elevation and sediment type (mud vs. sand) had no effect. The slow decay of litter (an order of magnitude slower than tropical mangrove litter) suggests that its incorporation into temperate marine food webs may be relatively slow. 相似文献
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Hai-Chao Zhou Shu-Dong Wei Qi Zeng Li-Hua Zhang Nora Fung-yee Tam Yi-Ming Lin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Avicennia marina is a typical mangrove species in the subtropical coastlines of China. The main objective of this study was to assess nutrient and caloric dynamics in A. marina leaves at different developmental and decay stages. Decomposition studies using litter bags suggested that the time required for the loss of half of the initial dry weight (t50) was 19 days. The extracts of A. marina leaves contained non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics (hydrolysable tannin), but no condensed tannin. Non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics contents did not differ significantly from each other at various developmental stages, but decreased rapidly during leaf decomposition. Avicennia marina leaves had high N levels, and both N and P concentrations decreased significantly during senescence. During decomposition, N concentration of the leaf litter increased gradually but the phosphorus concentration showed a decrease in the first week, and both N and P remained the same towards the end of the experiment. The gross caloric value (GCV) of mature leaves was significantly higher than those of young and senescent leaves, while ash-free caloric value (AFCV) did not change significantly during leaf development and senescence. During leaf decomposition, both GCV and AFCV increased gradually and remained the same at late stages. In subtropical Zhangjiang River Estuary, high N levels and lack of condensed tannins in A. marina leaves were responsible for the fast rate of decay. Non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics had no great effect on rate of decay. Nitrogen resorption during leaf senescence, and high litter decomposition followed by nitrogen immobilization are the important nutrient conservation strategy for A. marina. 相似文献
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海草凋落叶的溶解有机物的释放及其生物地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) represents a significant source of nutrients that supports the microbial-based food web in seagrass ecosystems. However, there is little information on how the various fractions of DOM from seagrass leaves contributed to the coastal biogeochemical cycles. To address this gap, we carried out a 30-day laboratory chamber experiment on tropical seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. After 30 days of incubation, on average 22% carbon(C), 70% nitrogen(N) and 38% phosphorus(P) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter was released. The average leached dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter accounted for 55%, 95% and 65% of the total C, N and P lost, respectively. In the absence of microbes, about 75% of the total amount of DOC, monosaccharides(MCHO), DON and DOP were quickly released via leaching from both seagrass species in the first 9 days. Subsequently, little DOM was released during the remainder of the experiment. The leaching rates of DOC, DON and DOP were approximately 110, 40 and 0.70 μmol/(g·d). Leaching rates of DOM were attributed to the nonstructural carbohydrates and other labile organic matter within the seagrass leaf. Thalassia hemprichii leached more DOC, DOP and MCHO than E. acoroides. In contrast, E. acoroides leached higher concentrations of DON than T. hemprichii, with the overall leachate also having a higher DON: DOP ratio. These results indicate that there is an overall higher amount of DOM leachate from T. hemprichii than that of E. acoroides that is available to the seagrass ecosystem. According to the logarithmic model for DOM release and the in situ leaf litter production(the Xincun Bay, South China Sea), the seagrass leaf litter of these two seagrass species could release approximately 4×10~3 mol/d DOC, 1.4×10~3 mol/d DON and 25 mol/d DOP into the seawater. In addition to providing readily available nutrients for the microbial food web, the remaining particulate organic matter(POM)from the litter would also enter microbial remineralization processes. What is not remineralized from either DOM or POM fractions has potential to contribute to the permanent carbon stocks. 相似文献
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Seagrass leaf litter decomposition is a key component of marine carbon flow driven by both biotic and abiotic factors, including water movement. In this study, we analyse Posidonia oceanica litter decomposition and invertebrate colonization in three sites with different hydrodynamics in a coastal basin. Litterbags were put on the sea bed along a gradient of distance from the open sea, implying a different level of water exchange. Leaf litter mass loss and carbon and nitrogen concentration were analysed, and density and biomass of benthic invertebrates colonizing litterbags were recorded after 3, 7, 14, 47, 101, 152 and 221 days. Results showed that in the most sheltered site, the leaf litter decomposition rate, the invertebrate density and biomass and the detrital carbon release were the lowest. The reduction of the decomposition rates of seagrass leaves in the site characterized by low hydrodynamic forces may promote organic matter burial and carbon stocks, emphasizing the role of coastal basins such as ponds and lagoons as sinks of carbon and the important role of seagrass detritus in the Blue Carbon global balance. 相似文献
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Victor Quintino Franca Sangiorgio Fernando Ricardo Renato Mamede Adília Pires Rosa Freitas Ana Maria Rodrigues Alberto Basset 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
An experimental study on Phragmites australis leaf litter decomposition was conducted in the estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro, Western Portugal, using the leaf-bag technique, with fine- (1 mm) and coarse-mesh (5 mm) bags. The leaf bags were placed in the field sites at day 0, covering a complete salinity gradient, and replicates were collected over time, at days 3 (leaching), 7, 15, 30 and 60. The biomass loss through the leaching phase, about 20% of the initial leaf mass, was independent of both the salinity and the bag mesh size. The biomass decay pattern along the salinity gradient varied through time and presented strong similarities between the two mesh sizes, with the remaining biomass always lower in the 5 mm mesh-size bags. At days 7 and 15, the lowest remaining biomass was observed at the head of the estuary, the preferential distribution area of P. australis. At day 30, the remaining biomass was higher in the marine area and diminished under a direct relationship with salinity, reaching the lowest value in the freshwater environment, with values ranging from 66% to 44% of the initial weight in 5 mm bags, and from 79% to 51% in 1 mm bags. The largest heterogeneity in the remaining biomass among the study areas positioned along the salinity gradient was found close to days 30 (5 mm) and 40 (1 mm). The overall results indicate that the relationship between leaf decay rate and salinity depends on the decay time considered (k15, k30 or k60) and, for the later stages (k60), also on the leaf-bag mesh size. This implies that the use of leaf litter decay rates as a functional indicator in transitional waters will need to take into consideration the factor location in the salinity gradient and leaf litter stage at which the decay rate is determined. The differences between the decay rates with the mesh size acted mainly at the level of the absolute k value and not at the level of the pattern along the salinity gradient. Even so, the data obtained at the mouth of the estuary, in the area closest to a fully marine environment, indicated that after the initial biomass loss through leaching, P. australis decayed either very slowly, in the 5 mm, or not at all, in the 1 mm mesh bags. 相似文献
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Growth Dynamics in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Amounts of photosynthate in the rhizomes, in photosynthetically inactive basal parts of the leaves and different old leaf blades were examined. Winter leaf growth was supported by mobilisation of starch in the rhizome. This winter growth enables Posidonia oceanica to utilize the increased energy influx in early spring via the substantial leaf area already developed and to approach highest productivity in spring. During summer and autumn considerable concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found in the leaves and rhizomes. Starch was stored in the rhizomes in concentrations of up to 6.8 % of dry weight. Levels of nitrogen and free amino acids were correlated with growth rates. The percentage of total nitrogen present as free amino acid-nitrogen decreased from November (35 %) to summer (less than 1 %), by which time leaf growth had stopped. In contrast to this, amounts of organic anions were low in winter and spring and reached their maximum in summer.
Within a shoot, sites of leaf growth were characterized by high amounts of total nitrogen and free amino acids (innermost leaves), while carbon Fixation was highest in the leaves #2–#4. Particularly high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found midway along leaf blades.
It is evident that this unusual growth rhythm of Posidonia oceanica was only possible because of the ability to store considerable amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizomes.
The results of this investigation demonstrate on the one hand that the chemical composition of the plant is strongly correlated with growth and production, and on the other hand that it is dependent on environmental factors, such as energy influx and temperature, which change with season. 相似文献
Within a shoot, sites of leaf growth were characterized by high amounts of total nitrogen and free amino acids (innermost leaves), while carbon Fixation was highest in the leaves #2–#4. Particularly high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found midway along leaf blades.
It is evident that this unusual growth rhythm of Posidonia oceanica was only possible because of the ability to store considerable amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizomes.
The results of this investigation demonstrate on the one hand that the chemical composition of the plant is strongly correlated with growth and production, and on the other hand that it is dependent on environmental factors, such as energy influx and temperature, which change with season. 相似文献
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Changes in the concentration of total lipid and fatty acids (FAs) during the decomposition of mangrove leaves were investigated by field experiments using yellow leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. and Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, in order to quantify mangrove contribution to lipid and fatty acid inputs to marine sediments. Total lipid and total FA in the fresh (green and yellow) and decomposing leaves of both species were significantly higher during winter than summer. During decomposition, total lipid content and FA concentration, in particular branched chain fatty acids (BrFAs) and bacterial fatty acids (BFAs), increased to a maximum concentration in 45 days during winter and in 17 days during summer. Lipids were lost faster in K. candel leaf detritus than in B. gymnorrhiza leaf detritus in which >90% of the total lipid original weight was lost during the summer experiment and <60% during the winter experiment. The changes in the concentrations of total lipids and FAs in the decomposing leaves also indicate that mangrove leaves are significant sources of fatty acids and probably other lipid compounds to estuarine ecosystems and that tidal waters transport the lipids and FAs adsorbed to particulate matter from mangroves to adjacent estuarine sediments and the ocean. 相似文献
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根据厦门岛东南岸沙滩剖面1999年2月-2002年11月4年的观测资料,分析了该剖面上平均高潮位、平均海平面、平均低潮位的位置变化,绘制了冲淤变化曲线,研究剖面的形态特征及季节和长周期变化趋势。结果表明,风暴潮影响后沙滩剖面呈风暴型剖面,而常浪季节均表现为滩肩型复式剖面。受滨外地形、岸线走向、季节性风浪和潮汐活动等因素影响,沙滩剖面的季节变化比较复杂,长周期变化及风暴潮后剖面的恢复过程各岸段有所不同：泥沙流上游的岸段供沙不足,呈侵蚀状态,剖面恢复较慢;下游则呈基本稳定或淤长状态,剖面恢复相对较快。暴风浪和季节性常风浪交替作用控制着本区沙滩剖面的长周期循环变化过程,该过程一般包括风暴侵蚀期、快速恢复期、稳定恢复期和基本稳定期4个阶段。 相似文献
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长江口潮滩先锋植物藨草腐烂分解过程研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以长江口崇明东滩湿地为研究区域,采集了先锋植物藨草(Scirpus triqueter)的地上茎和地下根部分,分别埋藏于高潮滩和堤内两处不同地点,研究了植物不同部位组织在腐烂分解过程中质量及其碳、氮元素含量的变化,分析了影响植物分解的主要因素。结果表明,藨草残体在为期391 d的分解过程中质量损失了46%~66%,其中藨草茎分解速率大于藨草根的,高潮滩的大于堤内的;碳含量呈持续降低趋势,而氮含量则显著升高。植物体中初始营养盐水平和C/N比值的高低可能是导致藨草根、茎残体的分解速率存在差异的最主要因素。环境因素(如温度、湿度等)对藨草残体的腐烂分解有着十分重要的影响,温度升高、湿度增大,则加速微生物对植物碎屑的分解。由于受潮汐作用影响,高潮滩的植物埋藏环境比堤内的更潮湿,从而使得藨草在高潮滩的分解速率以及碳、氮元素含量的变化速率都明显高于堤内。 相似文献