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利用臭氧探空资料,分析了西太平洋地区香港(Hong Kong)、那霸(Naha)和札幌(Sapporo)三个站点2000~2010年期间大气边界层内臭氧(O3)的季节分布和年变化趋势。结果表明,三个站点O3的季节分布存在明显的差异。其中,那霸和香港大气边界层内O3季节平均呈双峰值分布,其峰值分别出现在春季和秋季;而札幌站为单峰分布,峰值出现在春季。造成季节分布差异的主要原因包括人为污染源和自然因素如气象条件。另外,三个站点大气边界层内O3均呈上升趋势。其中札幌、那霸上升最快,分别达0.80 ppb a-1和0.77 ppb a-1。(ppb表示10-9,下同)香港的年际增长较不明显,但秋季增长却非常明显,高达1.21 ppb a-1。结合GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) 和SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectro Meter for Atmospheric Chartography)卫星反演的NO2数据发现,过去10年中国京津唐和东北地区的对流层内NO2柱总量增加极为迅速。这些O3前体物通过远距离输送是导致札幌、那霸O3浓度增加的主要原因之一。珠江三角洲人为污染源的增加及偏北气流的影响,是导致香港地区秋季O3增加的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用最新的NCEP/NCAR的逐月平均风场资料及ECMWF的逐月多层臭氧质量混合资料,通过定义Hadley环流上升支强度指数(HAI),用质量流函数的方法研究了纬圈平均Hadley环流上升支的演变特征及其与低纬地区不同层次大气臭氧变化的关系。结果表明,①冬季和夏季HAI较大,最大值出现在2月和8月,春、秋季HAI较小,最小值出现在5月和11月;Hadley环流上升支的位置随季节和强度变化;冬季Hadley环流上升支所跨纬度最宽,夏季最窄。②各季节代表月份的HAI具有一定的年代际特征,即1月、4月具有负距平-相持-正距平的年代际特征,线性增强趋势明显;7月、10月则表现为距平的正-负-正变化,但7月HAI在2012年以后有明显减弱趋势。总体上各季节HAI从1990年代中后期开始逐渐增强。③除春季外,Hadley环流上升支对低纬对流层臭氧的动力输送作用显著,Hadley环流上升运动越强,上升支所对应纬度带对流层臭氧浓度越低,南北两个下沉区对流层臭氧浓度越高。④ HAI表现为强指数年时,低纬对流层臭氧整体表现为增加,平流层中下部臭氧减少,体现出彼此的长期综合影响。 相似文献
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Impacts of the atmospheric apparent heat source over the Tibetan Plateau on summertime ozone vertical distributions over Lhasa 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wenjun Liang Zhen Yang Jiali Luo Hongying Tian Zhixuan Bai Dan Li Qian Li Jinqiang Zhang Haoyue Wang Bian Ba Yang Yang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):66-71
青藏高原(TP)是一个对气候变化敏感的地区,其上空的臭氧分布影响着青藏高原及其周边地区的大气环境,北半球夏季青藏高原上空臭氧柱总量相对较低的现象,及其时空变化受到广泛关注.本研究利用北半球夏季5年的拉萨上空臭氧的气球测量数据,研究高原上空大气视热源(Q1)对臭氧垂直分布的影响并探讨了该过程的机制.结果表明,当TP上空对流层整体的Q1相对较高时,拉萨上空对流层臭氧浓度下降.大气更强的上升运动伴随着TP主体区域上空的Q1的增大.因此,当夏季Q1较高时,由于近地表低浓度臭氧空气向上输送,拉萨上空的对流层臭氧浓度下降. 相似文献
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By means of a three-dimensional meteorological model (MM5) and a chemical model,the distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors over China have been simulated in summer and winter time,16-18 August 1994 and 7-9 January 1995.The distribution of ozone over the Tibetan Plateau in summer time is deeply discussed.The simulated results indicate that thedistributions of surface ozone and NOx are in good agreement with observed results,and human activities and photochemical reactions are the main factors controlling the surface ozone and NOx concentrations.In addition,higher ozone concentrations are coincided with the air convergence,and the lower concentrations are related to the air divergence.In summer,over the Tibetan Plateau the strong flow convergence results in higher ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere:and the strong flow divergence results in lower ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere.In winter time ozone concentrations show large-scale characteristics controlled by westerly flow,and in the jet area they are lower than those outside the jet. 相似文献
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近40年赤道太平洋和北太平洋月平均海温距平场分布存在着短期气候振动,分析表明,它对大气环流有一定的影响。在海温气候振动的前期位相时期,对流层平均高度有降低趋势,相反在海温气候振动的后期位相时期,对流层平均高度为增高趋势。这种相关关系高层比低层要好,低纬度较中高纬度稳定,夏季较冬季明显。 相似文献
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东亚太平洋地区近地面臭氧的季节和年际变化特征及其与东亚季风的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱彬 《南京气象学院学报》2012,(5):513-523
利用东亚清洁背景站近地面臭氧观测资料,结合风场和降水资料,分析东亚各地区臭氧的多年季节变化特征,并探讨东亚太平洋地区臭氧的季节和年际变化与季风的关系以及影响近地层臭氧的主要因子。结果表明：东亚大部分地区与北半球背景站观测一致,近地层臭氧季节变化表现为春季最高、夏季最低的特征;但在东亚中纬度33～43°N,臭氧表现为夏季最高,而在东亚20°N以南地区臭氧则表现为冬末、春初最高。东亚太平洋沿岸近地面臭氧的季节变化主要受东亚冬、夏季风环流的季节变化控制。该地区不同纬度上春季峰值出现时间的差异与亚洲大陆春季不同时期污染物输送路径的差异有关。对东亚太平洋沿岸对流层顶附近位势涡度、高空急流和垂直环流季节变化的分析表明,冬春季可能是平流层向对流层输送的最强期,对近地面臭氧贡献最大。初夏至秋季（5-11月）,平流层向对流层输送较弱,对近地面臭氧贡献较小。东亚太平洋地区夏季风爆发的时间和强度以及季风环流型的年际差异是导致该地区春、夏季臭氧年际变化的主要原因;而季风降水和云带位置以及平流层一对流层交换是造成臭氧年际变化的其他原因。 相似文献
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E. A. Titova I. L. Karol A. M. Shalamyanskii L. P. Klyagina A. A. Solomatnikova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(7):442-453
The analysis of external factors, which are most significant for the formation of the monthly mean total ozone (TO) field and ozone transport over the Russian Federation, based on observation data obtained from about 30 ground-based stations of the ozonometric network averaged over a year, December through March and June through August, over five climatic regions, is considered. Performed spectrum and discriminant analysis allowed obtaining quantitative estimates of the impact of the Arctic Oscillation, deviation of the winter temperature of the lower polar stratosphere, quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO), 11-year solar cycle, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the TO and to assess the regional differences in the effects of these factors. In December–March, in the years with a negative Arctic Oscillation phase, warm stratosphere, and the easterly QBO phase (QBO-E), the ozone content increases significantly relative to the opposite phases of oscillations on average by 35, 28, and 26 Dobson units (DU), respectively. The spectra, similar to the discriminant function, demonstrate strong influence of the 11-year solar cycle and QBO on the TO even in the summer months, while the QBO is more pronounced in the eastern part of the Russian Federation. The ENSO effect was not singled out against the general “noisy” background of the cold six-month period, when many atmospheric processes become active: however, during the summer months, in warm periods of the ENSO, the TO, at the 97% significance level, increases over most of the Russian area. The rest of the obtained results are significant at the 95–99.9% level. 相似文献
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北半球大气对春季北极海冰异常响应的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在CAM3.0模式中,通过设计一系列数值模拟试验来研究北半球大气环流对北极海冰密集度(Sea Ice Concentration,简称SIC)强迫的响应.将海冰密集度EOF第二模态(EOF2)的时间系数回归到原场,并把这个空间异常场逐月的加到SIC春季气候态上,作为敏感性试验的外强迫.试验结果表明:在季节尺度上,大气环... 相似文献
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Mauro Dall’Amico Peter A. Stott Adam A. Scaife Lesley J. Gray Karen H. Rosenlof Alexey Yu. Karpechko 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):399-417
An improved stratospheric representation has been included in simulations with the Hadley Centre HadGEM1 coupled ocean atmosphere model with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the period 1979–2003. An improved stratospheric ozone dataset is employed that includes natural variations in ozone as well as the usual anthropogenic trends. In addition, in a second set of simulations the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind is also imposed using a relaxation towards ERA-40 zonal wind values. The resulting impact on tropospheric variability and trends is described. We show that the modelled cooling rate at the tropopause is enhanced by the improved ozone dataset and this improvement is even more marked when the QBO is also included. The same applies to warming trends in the upper tropical troposphere which are slightly reduced. Our stratospheric improvements produce a significant increase of internal variability but no change in the positive trend of annual mean global mean near-surface temperature. Warming rates are increased significantly over a large portion of the Arctic Ocean. The improved stratospheric representation, especially the QBO relaxation, causes a substantial reduction in near-surface temperature and precipitation response to the El Chichón eruption, especially in the tropical region. The winter increase in the phase of the northern annular mode observed in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions is partly captured, especially after the El Chichón eruption. The positive trend in the southern annular mode (SAM) is increased and becomes statistically significant which demonstrates that the observed increase in the SAM is largely subject to internal variability in the stratosphere. The possible inclusion in simulations for future assessments of full ozone chemistry and a gravity wave scheme to internally generate a QBO is discussed. 相似文献
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By using the observational O3 data of Kunming and Hong Kong during the period of 1997 – 2001, the paper studies the distribution and variation of total ozone in low latitude region of China. The study shows that the characteristics of variation in Kunm… 相似文献
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利用1961—2016年华东地区106个气象观测站的日降水数据和再分析资料,分析引起山东半岛夏季降水异常的大气环流型及其与前期下垫面因子（海温和土壤湿度）的关系,结果发现：1）当孟加拉湾出现西南风异常,日本列岛以南和贝加尔湖西南侧地区分别呈反气旋和气旋式环流异常时,加强了向山东半岛的水汽输送,配合区域大气上升运动异常最终导致山东半岛夏季降水偏多;反之,当孟加拉湾出现西北风异常,日本列岛以南和贝加尔湖西南地区分别呈气旋和反气旋式环流异常时山东半岛降水偏少。2）孟加拉湾和北太平洋中部关键区的对流层整层位势高度与下垫面海温自春季持续至夏季存在显著正相关,当两个地区的整层位势高度均呈正异常时,分别对应夏季孟加拉湾的强西风气流和日本列岛以南的反气旋环流异常。3）区域土壤湿度异常引起的感热和潜热通量异常,可能是引起贝加尔湖关键区位势高度和山东半岛局地对流异常的原因：贝加尔湖西南地区土壤湿度偏大时,其上空对流层位势高度为负异常;山东半岛地区土壤湿度偏大时,其上空对流层大气出现异常上升运动。4）利用关键区春季下垫面因子（海温和土壤湿度）建立山东半岛夏季降水的统计预测模型,留一交叉检验的距平同号率达到75%。这些结果可为山东半岛夏季降水预测提供重要参考。 相似文献
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平流层对对流层的作用是准确评估、预测对流层气候变化的一个重要方面。其中平流层成分尤其是臭氧的变化,可以改变平流层乃至对流层的辐射平衡,从而影响平流层、对流层的热动力过程。本文从辐射、动力2个角度介绍了平流层臭氧影响对流层气候变化的若干研究进展。平流层臭氧可以通过长短波辐射的方式对对流层大气造成辐射强迫,利用大气化学气候模式可以定量计算平流层臭氧变化引起的辐射强迫,但是辐射强迫的估算受模式中辐射传输模块本身缺陷的影响存在不确定性。动力方面,平流层臭氧变化产生的辐射效应可以改变温度的垂直和经向梯度,造成波折射指数的变化,进而影响平流层甚至对流层内波的折射与反射,通过上对流层下平流层区域内的波—流相互作用,对对流层气候产生影响。另外,南极臭氧损耗可通过大气环状模影响冬春季中高纬度对流层的天气气候,但是其影响的强度大小以及物理机制仍需进一步的确认。值得注意的是,北极平流层臭氧的变化与北半球中高纬度气候变化之间的关系相比南半球要更加复杂,需要更为深入的研究。 相似文献
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为了揭示我国北方地区对流层中下层臭氧(O3) 的形成机理以及周边地区的污染输送对我国北方地区对流层中下层O3收支的影响, 在与外场观测数据比较分析的基础上, 利用全球化学输送模式(MOZART-2) 采用收支分析方法定量分析了影响我国北方地区对流层中下层O3的各个物理化学过程。结果表明:我国北方地区对流层下层O3最重要的来源是光化学生成作用, 约占总来源的58.3%(41.5 Tg), 光化学生成反应中HO2对于O3生成的贡献最大; 最大的汇是干沉降过程, 约占总汇的43.2%(26.2Tg); 水平净输送作用对我国北方地区对流层中下层O3收支的影响非常大, 在我国北方地区对流层下层, 41.6%左右的O3来自水平净输送, 随高度增加, 水平输送影响增大, 我国北方地区对流层中层大约81.5%的O3来自水平净输送。 相似文献
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Shu Li Tijian Wang Prodromos Zanis Dimitris Melas Bingliang Zhuang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(2):279-287
The spatial distribution, radiative forcing, and climatic effects of tropospheric ozone in China during summer were investigated by using the regional climate model RegCM4. The results revealed that the tropospheric ozone column concentration was high in East China, Central China, North China, and the Sichuan basin during summer. The increase in tropospheric ozone levels since the industrialization era produced clear-sky shortwave and clear-sky longwave radiative forcing of 0.18 and 0.71 W m–2, respectively, which increased the average surface air temperature by 0.06 K and the average precipitation by 0.22 mm day–1 over eastern China during summer. In addition, tropospheric ozone increased the land–sea thermal contrast, leading to an enhancement of East Asian summer monsoon circulation over southern China and a weakening over northern China. The notable increase in surface air temperature in northwestern China, East China, and North China could be attributed to the absorption of longwave radiation by ozone, negative cloud amount anomaly, and corresponding positive shortwave radiation anomaly. There was a substantial increase in precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was related to the enhanced upward motion and the increased water vapor brought by strengthened southerly winds in the lower troposphere. 相似文献
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Xu Jianjun 《大气科学进展》1994,11(4):415-420
Response for anomalous circulation in relation to snow coverage is derived by use of regression coefficients in dealing with the Eurasian snow cover time series and northern mid and upper tropospheric height data. Results show that not only does the regression response pattern represent the correlation between snow coverage and circulation change but reflects the amplitude strength in correlation cores as well, with a greater amplitude of the circulation response in the mid troposphere and remarkable equivalent barotropy in the mid to upper levels, and that the response of winter-summer circulations to winter snow cover displays noticeable stationary planetary-scale wavetrain, leading to NEUP and NPNA patterns in winter, slightly changed forms in spring months and LEU and EANA in summer time. Also, the study demonstrates that the rasponse-produced wavetrain is marked by branch and propagates energy in a wave-front manner with the energy trapped at subtropical latitudes. 相似文献
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中国近30a臭氧气候场特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用1979—2005年TOMS（total ozone mapping spectrometer）和2006—2007年OMI（ozone mo-nitoring instrument）的卫星观测资料,分析中国地区对流层臭氧含量（tropospheric ozone residue,TOR）、整层臭氧含量（total ozone,TO）的空间分布和季节变化特征,利用二项式加权平均法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法以及小波分析法分析南方典型地区广州臭氧序列的趋势、突变以及周期特征。结果表明,中国地区多年平均对流层臭氧柱含量为35.89DU,东中部地区高于西部,四川东部和重庆西部存在极高值区,青藏高原为极低值区;对流层臭氧夏季平均值最高,冬季最低,春季高于秋季。中国地区多年平均臭氧总量为298.61DU。臭氧总量随着纬度增大而增大,成带状分布,青藏高原为极低值区;臭氧总量春季平均值最大,秋季为最低。南方广州地区的对流层臭氧在1979—2007年之间存在明显的上升趋势,时间变率为0.38DU/（10a）;TOR时间序列在1997年发生突变,存在显著的1a及2a的周期。臭氧总量在1979—2007年之间存在明显的下降趋势,变化率为-2.1DU/（10a）;TO在1993年发生突变,存在显著的2a周期 相似文献
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利用欧亚雪盖的时间序列与北半球对流层中高层高度场之间的回归系数分离出与欧亚雪盖相关的异常环流的响应场。研究表明，这种回归响应场不仅能表示雪盖和环流之间的相关关系，而且能反映相关中心的振幅大小。环流响应场的振幅在中层较大，中上层具有显著的相当正压结构。冬春夏季的环流对冬季积雪的响应场上都存在明显的定常行星波列，冬季为ＮＥＵＰ型和ＮＰＮＡ型，春季略有变化，夏季存在ＬＥＵ型和ＥＡＮＡ型波列。响应场的行星波列具有分支现象，并以波阵面的形成进行能量传播，能量传播在副热带地区出现拦截。 相似文献
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利用2005-2007年杭州市区大气O3连续监测资料, 分析了O3浓度变化特征, 在此基础上结合气象观测资料, 分析了大气O3与天气系统间的关系, 建立了O3与气象要素间的多元回归方程。结果表明: 2007年O3平均浓度和最大小时浓度分别为44 μg.m-3和348 μg.m-3, 比上一年增加20%左右, 超标现象也越来越严重; O3浓度有明显的季节变化, 夏季高、冬季低; 大气O3浓度超标主要出现在高压后部和高压控制等天气类型。在紫外线强度较强时O3浓度也高, 二者呈显著正相关; 对O3与各种气象因子进行多元回归分析表明: O3主要受到温度、相对湿度、日照等因素影响。 相似文献