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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
正国土资源部天然气水合物重点实验室依托中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所建立,其前身是2001年建立的青岛海洋地质研究所水合物实验室,2012年5月被正式批准建设,2015年6月正式挂牌运行。经过十余年的努力,实验室自主研发了10余套水合物模拟实验装置,开发了系列水合物探测技术,可实现不同目的的天然气水合物室内模拟实验。实验室致力于建成该领域内国际一流的创新型实验平台,力求促进天然气水合物的基础和应用研究,提升我国天然气水合物科研水平,获得天然气水合物各项技术参数,为天然气 相似文献
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天然气水合物试采:从实验模拟到场地实施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
天然气水合物研究的终极目标是对其进行有效的开发利用,即实现长期安全、高效地开采,而水合物试采只是迈出了第一步。数十年的室内水合物开采方法实验及其数值模拟研究取得了显著的成果,为天然气水合物试采奠定了坚实的基础。加拿大、美国等国家先后在陆地冻土区进行了水合物试采工作,试验成果为海域水合物试采提供了宝贵的经验。2013年和2017年,日本、中国先后在不同海域实施了天然气水合物试采,并取得了成功,这是天然气水合物研究的一个里程碑式的进步,标志着天然气水合物开采技术研究从室内实验模拟逐步转到产地实施。本文回顾了各种水合物开采方法的原理及其模拟实验成果,简要介绍了水合物开采数值模拟方法与进展,评述了水合物试采的前期关键技术准备及场地实施效果,讨论了每种技术方法的局限性及面临的挑战,并针对海洋天然气水合物开采面临的科学与技术问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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20 0 3年 10月 15— 17日在青岛府新大厦召开了“未来海底新能源———天然气水合物国际研讨会” ,此次会议主办单位为国土资源部中国地质调查局和国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部 ,承办单位为青岛海洋地质研究所和广州海洋地质调查局。此次会议的宗旨是 :了解世界各国针对天然气水合物资源所实施的国家计划及其所取得的最新成果 ;掌握海域天然气水合物资源调查、研究、模拟实验和评价中所采用的先进技术 ;总结调查研究经验 ,抓准天然气水合物勘探、开发中的关键科学问题和技术难点 ;推进我国海域天然气水合物的调查、研究、模拟实验和资… 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
正国土资源部天然气水合物重点实验室依托中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所建立,其前身是2001年建立的青岛海洋地质研究所天然气水合物实验室,于2012年5月被国土资源部批准建设,2015年6月通过验收正式挂牌运行。现任实验室主任为吴能友研究员,学术委员会主任为业渝光研究员。实验室的研究方向瞄准天然气水合物成藏机理、资源勘查与评价技术、开发利用与环境效应及模拟实验与测试技术等天然气水合物学科发展的前沿,定位准确,特色鲜明,重点解决天然气水合物领域 相似文献
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测井技术在水合物储层识别中的应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨大能源。地球物理测井在天然气水合物探测与储量评价领域发挥了重要作用,并且随着以勘探天然气水合物为目的的钻井数量的增多日益受到重视。主要介绍了常规测井方法、成像测井和核磁测井在识别天然气水合物储层中的应用,发展海洋天然气水合物的识别技术,准确了解天然气水合物的分布与蕴藏量,对我国海洋天然气水合物产业的建立具有关键作用。 相似文献
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天然气水合物探测技术的模拟实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
天然气水合物模拟实验研究的关键就是探测技术的有效性。总结叙述了超声、电阻法以及温压法在天然气水合物模拟实验中的应用效果及存在问题。对今后天然气水合物模拟实验研究工作提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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天然气水合物将成为21世纪的替代能源，地球物理方法是勘探天然气水合物的重要手段。本文比较全面地分析和总结了天然气水合物的各种地球物理识别技术以及地震资料的特殊处理和分析方法，详细地介绍了水平地震剖面、垂直地震剖面、测井以及旁侧声纳剖面上天然气水合物的表现和识别方法。特别地，针对海洋地震资料的特点以及天然气水合物在地震剖面上的识别标志BSR、振幅空白带等特征，文章引入了真振幅处理、子波处理以及多项式拟合等处理方法来提高天然气水合物识别标志在地震剖面上的显示效果。最后，为了全面了解海底天然气水合物的分布 以及微细结构，文章介绍了AVO分析、全波形反演速率分析、叠加速度分析和走时反演等正、反演技术。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献