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1.
<正>Complex superimposed basins exhibit multi-stage tectonic events and multi-stage reservoir formation;hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in the early stage have generally late-stage genesis characteristics after undergoing adjustment,reconstruction and destruction of later-stage multiple tectonic events.In this paper,this phenomenon is called the late-stage reservoir formation effect.The late-stage reservoir formation effect is a basic feature of oil and gas-forming reservoirs in complex superimposed basins,revealing not only multi-stage character,relevance and complexity of oil and gas-forming reservoirs in superimposed basins but also the importance of late-stage reservoir formation. Late-stage reservoir formation is not a basic feature of oil and gas forming reservoir in superimposed basins.Multi-stage reservoir formation only characterizes one aspect of oil and gas-forming reservoir in superimposed basins and does not represent fully the complexity of oil and gas-forming reservoir in superimposed basins.We suggest using "late-stage reservoir formation effect" to replace the "late-stage reservoir formation" concept to guide the exploration of complex reservoirs in superimposed basins. Under current geologic conditions,the late-stage reservoir formation effect is represented mainly by four basic forms:phase transformation,scale reconstruction,component variation and trap adjustment.The late-stage reservoir formation effect is produced by two kinds of geologic processes: first,the oil and gas retention function of various geologic thresholds(hydrocarbon expulsion threshold,hydrocarbon migration threshold,and hydrocarbon accumulating threshold) causes the actual time of oil and gas reservoir formation to be later than the time of generation of large amounts of hydrocarbon in a conventional sense,producing the late-stage reservoir formation effect;second, multiple types of tectonic events(continuously strong reconstruction,early-stage strong reconstruction, middle-stage strong reconstruction,late-stage strong reconstruction and long-term stable sedimentation) after oil and gas reservoir formation lead to adjustment,reconstruction and destruction of reservoirs formed earlier,and form new secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs due to the late-stage reservoir formation effect. 相似文献
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LI Qiming WU Guanghui PANG Xiongqi PAN Wenqin LUO Chunshu Wang Chenglin LI Xinsheng ZHOU Bo 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1180-1194
<正>Based on comprehensive analysis of reservoir-forming conditions,the diversity of reservoir and the difference of multistage hydrocarbon charge are the key factors for the carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation of the Ordovician in the Tarim Basin.Undergone four major deposition-tectonic cycles, the Ordovician carbonate formed a stable structural framework with huge uplifts,in which are developed reservoirs of the reef-bank type and unconformity type,and resulted in multistage hydrocarbon charge and accumulation during the Caledonian,Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan. With low matrix porosity and permeability of the Ordovician carbonate,the secondary solution pores and caverns serve as the main reservoir space.The polyphase tectonic movements formed unconformity reservoirs widely distributed around the paleo-uplifts;and the reef-bank reservoir is controlled by two kinds of sedimentary facies belts,namely the steep slope and gentle slope.The unconventional carbonate pool is characterized by extensive distribution,no obvious edge water or bottom water,complicated oil/gas/water relations and severe heterogeneity controlled by reservoirs. The low porosity and low permeability reservoir together with multi-period hydrocarbon accumulation resulted in the difference and complex of the distribution and production of oil/gas/water.The distribution of hydrocarbon is controlled by the temporal-spatial relation between revolution of source rocks and paleo-uplifts.The heterogenetic carbonate reservoir and late-stage gas charge are the main factors making the oil/ gas phase complicated.The slope areas of the paleo-uplifts formed in the Paleozoic are the main carbonate exploration directions based on comprehensive evaluation.The Ordovician of the northern slope of the Tazhong uplift,Lunnan and its periphery areas are practical exploration fields.The Yengimahalla-Hanikatam and Markit slopes are the important replacement targets for carbonate exploration.Gucheng,Tadong,the deep layers of Cambrian dolomite in the Lunnan and Tazhong-Bachu areas are favorable directions for research and risk exploration. 相似文献
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PANG Xiongqi ZHOU Xinyuan LIN Changsong HUO Zhipeng LUO Xiaorong PANG Hong 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1011-1034
<正>Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins.The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation,stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history.Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections,superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study:(1) continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins,(2) middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(3) early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(4) early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins,and(5) long-term exposed superimposed basins.Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins.In addition,multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,multiple sources,polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment,reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins.The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs,and the root causes of this are folding,denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage,diffusion,spilling,oxidation,degradation and cracking.Based on their genesis characteristics,complex reservoirs are divided into five categories:(1) primary reservoirs,(2) trap adjustment type reservoirs,(3) component variant reservoirs,(4) phase conversion type reservoirs and (5) scale-reformed reservoirs. 相似文献
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中国陆上叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏条件及勘探潜力 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
简要阐述了中国陆上主要叠合盆地中下组合烃源岩、储层和油气藏分布等基本油气地质特征,指出了进一步勘探的领域。认为:叠合盆地中下组合普遍发育有利烃源岩,成熟度普遍较高,因而以生气为主;具有多期成藏特点,且以晚期为主;叠合盆地中下组合发育碳酸盐岩、火山岩、砂砾岩与变质岩四大类储层,它们的储集物性受埋深影响较小,在较大埋深下仍可发育优质储层;叠合盆地中下组合油气藏以岩性、地层及复合型为主,相态复杂,是多期成藏的结果;叠合盆地中下组合油气分布与古隆起发育、沉积或火山相带以及断裂带、不整合面发育密切相关;叠合盆地中下组合是中国陆上含油气盆地未来勘探的重点领域之一。 相似文献
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Alteration and Reformation of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Prediction of Remaining Potential Resources in Superimposed Basins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
PANG Hong PANG Xiongqi YANG Haijun LIN Changsong MENG Qingyang WANG Huaijie 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1078-1096
<正>Complex hydrocarbon reservoirs developed widely in the superimposed basins of China formed from multiple structural alterations,reformation and destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed at early stages.They are characterized currently by trap adjustment,component variation, phase conversion,and scale reformation.This is significant for guiding current hydrocarbon exploration by revealing evolution mechanisms after hydrocarbon reservoir formation and for predicting remaining potential resources.Based on the analysis of a number of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs,there are four geologic features controlling the degree of destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed at early stages:tectonic event intensity,frequency,time and caprock sealing for oil and gas during tectonic evolution.Research shows that the larger the tectonic event intensity,the more frequent the tectonic event,the later the last tectonic event,the weaker the caprock sealing for oil and gas,and the greater the volume of destroyed hydrocarbons in the early stages.Based on research on the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon reservoir destruction mechanisms,a geological model of tectonic superimposition and a mathematical model evaluating potential remaining complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been established.The predication method and technical procedures were applied in the Tazhong area of Tarim Basin,where four stages of hydrocarbon accumulation and three stages of hydrocarbon alteration occurred.Geohistorical hydrocarbon accumulation reached 3.184 billion tons,of which 1.271 billion tons were destroyed.The total volume of remaining resources available for exploration is～1.9 billion tons. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
塔里木盆地塔北隆起哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系由于现今构造位置低,埋深在6500~8000m,长期以来一直将其作为塔北隆起的一个次级凹陷单元,并认为是一个海相油气的生烃凹陷,制约了哈拉哈塘的油气勘探。本文通过对哈拉哈塘构造解析和沉降演化过程恢复,发现哈拉哈塘地区是从石炭纪才开始转为负向构造单元,加里东-早海西期,它属于轮南大型古潜山的西斜坡部位;奥陶系鹰山组-一间房组碳酸盐岩经历了多期岩溶的叠加改造,风化岩溶缝洞体储层发育。通过最新钻井资料及油气地球化学分析数据,证实哈拉哈塘奥陶系沉积时期不是生烃凹陷,不发育烃源岩,哈拉哈塘及其以北地区的油气是来自南部满西地区的中、上奥陶统烃源岩。油气藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区在晚海西期成藏;三叠系沉积前北部构造抬升,导致奥陶系油藏遭受局部破坏和降解。自三叠纪沉积以来,奥陶系油藏一直处于持续深埋过程,盖层不断加厚,油藏基本保持了晚海西期成藏时的形态,因此,哈拉哈塘地区是一个古老的油气系统。油气成藏条件分析表明,哈拉哈塘地区油气成藏条件优越,生储盖条件配置良好,奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层广泛分布,并处在油气向古隆起高部位运移的有利路径上,具有大面积、准层状富集油气的特征。 相似文献
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<正>Foreland basin represents one of the most important hydrocarbon habitats in central and western China.To distinguish these foreland basins regionally,and according to the need of petroleum exploration and favorable exploration areas,the foreland basins in central and western China can be divided into three structural types:superimposed,retrogressive and reformative foreland basin(or thrust belt),each with distinctive petroleum system characteristics in their petroleum system components(such as the source rock,reservoir rock,caprock,time of oil and gas accumulation,the remolding of oil/gas reservoir after accumulation,and the favorable exploration area,etc.).The superimposed type foreland basins,as exemplified by the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, characterized by two stages of early and late foreland basin development,typically contain at least two hydrocarbon source beds,one deposited in the early foreland development and another in the later fault-trough lake stage.Hydrocarbon accumulations in this type of foreland basin often occur in multiple stages of the basin development,though most of the highly productive pools were formed during the late stage of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment(Himalayan period).This is in sharp contrast to the retrogressive foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Permian to Triassic) such as the western Sichuan Basin,where prolific hydrocarbon source rocks are associated with sediments deposited during the early stages of the foreland basin development.As a result, hydrocarbon accumulations in retrogressive foreland basins occur mainly in the early stage of basin evolution.The reformative foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Himalayan period) such as the northern Qaidam Basin,in contrast,contain organic-rich,lacustrine so urce rocks deposited only in fault-trough lake basins occurring prior to the reformative foreland development during the late Cenozoic,with hydrocarbon accumulations taking place relatively late(Himalayan period).Therefore,the ultimate hydrocarbon potentials in the three types of foreland basins are largely determined by the extent of spatial and temporal matching among the thrust belts,hydrocarbon source kitchens,and regional and local caprocks. 相似文献
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中国西部复杂叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与问题 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
中国西部复杂叠合盆地富集了中国45%左右的剩余油气资源,目前探明率不到20%,发展潜力巨大。近20年来的基础理论研究表明,中国西部复杂叠合盆地具有“多期构造变革、多套生储盖组合、多旋回油气成藏、多次调整改造”的油气地质特征,大油气田的形成和分布受“古隆起迁移、烃源灶演化、区域盖层发育、构造平衡带叠合”四大要素的控制,在此基础上提出了“多元复合—过程叠加”的成藏模式和有利勘探区预测方法,为塔里木盆地的油气勘探进一步指明了方向。除四大要素外,复杂油气藏的形成和分布还受“圈闭发育分布”、“储层发育分布”、“优势通道形成演化”、“运聚动力条件”及其相互耦合关系的控制,在已有成果的基础上进一步开展“复杂油气藏形成演化机制与分布规律”的基础研究,对于进一步提高钻探成效和发展叠合盆地油气勘探理论具有重大的现实意义。
相似文献
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中国西部叠合盆地经历了多期构造变动和多旋回的油气成藏作用,研究叠合盆地油气藏的形成、演化和分布预测具有重要的意义。叠合盆地指不同时期形成的不同类型的沉积盆地或地层在同一地理位置上的叠加和复合,具有地层沉积不连续、地层构造不连续、地层应力应变作用不连续等三大标志性特征,依据构造剖面上地层年代的关联性,将叠合盆地分为五种类型,即连续沉积型叠合盆地、中晚期地层叠合盆地、早晚期地层叠合盆地、早中期地层叠合盆地、长期暴露型叠合盆地。叠合盆地普遍发育复杂油气藏,三种作用（剥蚀作用、断裂作用、褶皱作用）六种机制（渗漏、扩散、溢散、氧化、降解和裂解）形成复杂油气藏,依据成因特征分为五类,原成型油气藏,圈闭调整型油气藏,组分变异型油气藏,相态转换型油气藏,规模改造型油气藏。研究表明,复杂油气藏中天然气的地下产状特征和分布特征与地表产状特征和分布特征有很大差异。中国西部叠合盆地油气分布主要受烃源灶、古隆起、沉积相、断裂带、构造变动和区域盖层等六大因素的控制。其中烃源灶（S）、古隆起（M）、沉积相（D）和盖层（C）等四大要素控制着油气成藏的形成和分布,并建立了多要素匹配（T-CDMS）成藏模式,用以预测有利成藏领域。油气藏形成之后,多期的构造变动对早成的油气藏进行调整、改造和破坏,主要受构造变动强度、构造变动时间、构造变动次数、构造变动时盖层的封油气性能等四大要素控制,并以此建立了多期构造变动破坏油气藏后剩余潜力评价模型,利用这一模型可以预测出有利勘探区带并评价出有利勘探区带中的剩余资源潜力。油气藏经过改造,表现出晚期成藏效应,并受相势耦合作用的控制最后定位,利用晚期成藏效应和相势耦合理论可以预测有利勘探目标,并指出潜在有利勘探目标。 相似文献
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中国油气田古岩溶与油气储层 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
目前,在鄂尔多斯盆地、塔里木盆地、四川盆地等的奥陶系、石炭系、二叠系—三叠系及震旦系等多套地层中均已发现不少典型的古岩溶油气田。这些油气田古岩溶储层常具有以下几个特征:(1)垂向分带明显,地表残积岩溶带、垂直渗流—水平潜流岩溶带等发育齐全。(2)储集空间主要由岩溶作用形成的半充填或未充填残余溶蚀孔洞缝组成。优质储层类型以裂缝—溶蚀孔洞型储层为主,此类储层为各大油气田高产稳产的最重要储层和主力产气层。(3)储层受古岩溶地貌和断层裂缝的控制明显。古岩溶斜坡、古岩溶高地边缘及断层裂缝发育区,古岩溶发育强烈,是溶蚀孔洞层和储层发育的有利地区。(4)埋藏有机溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙为有敏孔隙,它的发育与烃类的形成、演化和运聚相匹配。(5)古风化壳岩溶作用和埋藏有机溶蚀怍用的多期次叠加和改造,是古岩溶储层及油气藏形成的最佳组合模式。 相似文献
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YAN Xiangbin LI Tiejun ZHANG Tao Exploration Development Research Institute SINOPEC Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):676-683
Ordovician marine carbonate basement traps are widely developed in the paleo-highs and paleo-slopes in the Tarim Basin. Reservoirs are mainly altered pore-cavity-fissure reservoirs. Oil sources are marine carbonate rocks of the Lower Paleozoic. Thus, the paleo-highs and paleo-slopes have good reservoiring conditions and they are the main areas to explore giant and large-scale oil reservoirs. The main factors for their reservoiring are: (1) Effective combination of fenestral pore-cavity-fracture reservoirs, resulting from multi-stage, multi-cyclic karstification (paleo-hypergene and deep buried) and fracturing, with effective overlying seals, especially mudstone and gypsum mudstone in the Carboniferous Bachu Formation, is essential to hydrocarbon reservoiring and high and stable production; (2) Long-term inherited large rises and multi-stage fracture systems confine the development range of karst reservoirs and control hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and reservoiring; (3) Long-term multi-source hydroc 相似文献
13.
渤海湾盆地奥陶系潜山内幕油气成藏主控因素研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
本文的渤海湾盆地奥陶系潜山内幕是指有石炭系—二叠系覆盖的奥陶系潜山。潜山内幕多为单斜平行结构,储层基本为非均质"似块状结构"。古近系为主的烃源岩,通过控山断层的断面输油,形成"新生古储"的成藏模式。奥陶系潜山内幕成藏有四项主控因素,按重要程度依次为生烃灶供烃潜能、有效输烃窗口、优势输导通道以及储层裂缝发育。同时具备四项有利主控因素的潜山,油气富集规模较大。在生烃灶供烃潜能有利的前提下,其他三项主控因素之一为不利时,仍有成藏的可能,但规模一般较小。潜山内幕的储集空间以裂缝为主,裂缝的发育程度受构造和控山断层形态的影响,背斜构造、弧形断层、多向交切断层有利于裂缝的发育,而受直线型断层控制的潜山裂缝欠发育。 相似文献
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Going deep has been the strategy for the sustainable development of the Tahe Oilfield.Following the TS1 well in block 1,which revealed excellent combinations of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the deeper parts of the Tarim Basin,the TS2 well was drilled to learn more about the prospectivity in the deeper parts of the main blocks of the Tahe Oilfield.Seventeen core samples were collected to perform fluid inclusion studies,including petrography,fluorescence microspectrometry,and microthermometry.The results show that the deeper parts of the Tahe Oilfield have a good hydrocarbon potential.The Cambrian source rocks can supply sufficient oil for not only the Cambrian reservoirs,but also for the Lower Ordovician reservoirs.The CambrianOrdovician carbonates reservoirs experienced at least three oil charging events and one late gas charging event.Oil accumulations formed in the early stage of basin evolution were likely destroyed in the late stage with deep burial,tectonic movements,or invasion of hydrothermal fluids.Therefore,the deep hydrocarbon exploration of the Tahe Oilfield,even the whole Tarim Basin,should focus on gas accumulations,although oil accumulations,especially in Cambrian reservoirs,cannot be neglected. 相似文献
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巴什托普构造带已经发现了石炭系的生物碎屑灰岩油藏,其烃源岩为寒武系—奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩层。推测油气运移必经之路上的志留系圈闭和奥陶系圈闭中可能存在油气藏。对巴什托普构造带石炭系以下志留系和奥陶系的分析表明,志留系下砂岩段与其上覆的红色泥岩段可以构成一个有利的储盖组合,下奥陶统石灰岩段有可能形成石灰岩岩溶并与其上覆志留系巨厚的暗色泥岩段组成一套储盖组合。在巴什托普构造带,在与油源沟通良好、构造圈闭有利的位置上,应该可以形成工业性油气藏。 相似文献
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Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Based on the geological concept of "source control theory",the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward.This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins.Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis,namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability,maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability,which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir,the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold.Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin,hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock.Generally,as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller,there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation.Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis.Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results,indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool. 相似文献
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中国前陆盆地油气富集规律 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
天然气的富集是中国前陆盆地的特点,煤系烃源岩发育是天然气富集的主要原因;中西部前陆盆地具有多期成藏的特征,构造多期叠合、古构造发育、多套烃源岩多期演化是油气多期成藏的主控因素;前陆盆地发育三套储盖组合和原源、它源两大套成藏体系,控制着油气纵向分布;前陆盆地不同构造带地质特征控制着油气区域分布规律,逆冲带、前缘隆起带油气藏主要分布于下部成藏体系,坳陷带油气藏主要分布于上部成藏体系;在逆冲山前带油藏被破坏形成油苗、沥青或残余油藏,在坳陷内的逆冲带和坳陷带主要聚集了成熟度相对较高的天然气,在斜坡带和前缘隆起带既聚集了早期形成的油（气）藏,又聚集了晚期成熟度相对较高的天然气。 相似文献
20.
渤海湾盆地及周边的古生古储油气藏——以双洞背斜古油藏与刘其营、苏桥潜山油气藏为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
双洞背斜古油藏、刘其营潜山油气藏、苏桥潜山油气藏均为古生古储或自生自储的油气藏(古油藏)。双洞古油藏位于燕山褶皱带山海关隆起北部,邻近渤海湾盆地,其含油层为中—上元古界铁岭组,而该处根本没有下第三系生油层,说明中—上元古界和古生界是其生烃层。刘其营油气藏位于冀中坳陷,储层为奥陶系,盖层为石炭系—二叠系,其上部新生界主要生油层为沙河街组三段,中间相隔厚度约1000～3000m的沙河街组四段和孔店组隔层。沙河街组三段所生之油气,无法穿过这一隔层及不整合面向下运移到奥陶系储层中,因此刘其营潜山油气藏也不可能是新生古储的。苏桥油气藏是一复式油气藏,上部石炭系—二叠系气藏与下部奥陶系油藏叠合,根据油、气、水性质的对比也可以排除新生古储的成藏模式。渤海湾盆地古生界和中—上元古界具有生烃能力,其中的临清坳陷具备在深部古老地层寻找原生油气藏的条件。 相似文献