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1.
地倾斜观测的温度干扰分为太阳照射引起的热倾斜和室温变化影响两部分。木文从热膨胀的角度推导了热倾斜的计算公式。地层的热倾斜除了与地面温度变化幅度、岩石的性质,洞室的覆盖厚度有关以外,地形的坡度也是一个重要因素。但是即使地形坡度很陡的情况下,覆盖厚度达30米以后,热倾斜的年变化幅度可以保证小于0.02秒。我们以张家口台站为例,说明室温变化是山洞内倾斜仪的主要干扰。估算了短周期室温变化引起仪器本身及仪器墩的倾斜量。地倾斜观测的温度干扰有两种方式:一是由大气温度的变化在地层中传导的不均匀性所产生的所谓“热倾斜”,二是仪器洞内室温变化对仪器或墩基的直接影响。本文试图对这两种干扰的量级作一初步探讨。 相似文献
2.
对安丘地震台16年室内基线的研究结果表明:室内基线观测精度可达到2×10~(-7).室内基线的变化大部分是室温引起的地表热形变,其量值达7×10~(-5).地壳活动的信息仅为5×10~(-6).因而降低和消除地表热形变是提高室内基线应用价值的关键. 相似文献
3.
根据Wahr 1981年提出的理论,导出了计算旋转弹性地球模型的重力固体潮、地倾斜固体潮和地面应变固体潮的公式,并在此基础上编写出相应的计算程序.为了显示旋转和扁度对地球模型的重力固体潮、地倾斜固体潮和地面应变固体潮的影响,计算了东经120°不同纬度处的旋转弹性椭球地球模型(1066A模型)和G-B地球模型的重力固体潮、地倾斜固体潮和地面应变固体潮.计算结果表明,旋转和扁度对重力固体潮、地倾斜固体潮和地面应变固体潮的最大幅度分别为1.4×10-8 m/s2、0.2ms和0.5×10-9. 相似文献
4.
钻孔应变观测系指通过安装于钻孔中的钻孔型仪器进行的应变(含倾斜)观测。洞室形变观测则在深山洞或矿井巷道的观测室内,使用较大尺度的形变观测仪器进行。 大约十年前,我们即已开展洞室形变观测。近几年来,钻孔应变观测日益风行。后者与近年来刚生产出和引进了钻孔型仪器分不开。 相似文献
5.
通过提取地倾斜EW分量资料与气温资料作对比分析,认为EW分量短期变化与气温变化关系明显,但年变幅度变化与气温年变幅度关系不明显,且每次阿合奇地震台周围200 km范围内发生中强地震前,EW分量均出现趋势性的倾斜速率改变或者倾斜方向改变,说明该台地倾斜变化趋势与地震对应关系较为明显.而年变幅度与相位所含信息较为复杂,与地... 相似文献
6.
引言在地震前兆观测中 ,正确地认识和排除观测资料中的各种干扰是准确捕捉地震异常信息的前题。红山地震台地倾斜观测资料中较为明显的干扰有风扰 (通过风压使山体产生形变和洞室内气流变化对观测仪器产生的干扰 )、人员进入观测洞室产生的干扰 (由于体重负荷、气流扰动、洞温变化等产生的干扰 )等。我们还发现架设在同一山洞的 SQ- 70型水平摆地倾斜仪和FSQ型长水管地倾斜仪均记录到一种特殊干扰 ,此干扰在两台仪器上表现出时间同步、形态相似 ,且幅度大、持续时间长 ,严重地破坏了正常的固体潮汐形态变化 ,使观测资料的内精度降低 ,给地… 相似文献
7.
1984年3月30日21时22分以后,徐州应变观测台(含站)的各类倾斜仪、应变仪因地点而异,自北向南,陆续记录到周期约10分钟,持续80分钟左右的波动,振幅为10~(-8)～10~(-9)(弧度或应变单位)。经研究,这种同步的异常变化不是地震前兆,而是气压干扰所致。本文从理论上计算了大风(风压)干扰量,对倾斜是5×10~(-13)弧度,估算的体应变和线应变为10~(-12)～10~(-13)量级。用锥形气压负荷模型计算了1.6毫巴气压波动所带来的近地表倾斜和应变,约为10~(-8)～10~(-9)量级,与实际结果比较接近。计算结果还表明,气压波动所产生的应变和倾斜随深度衰减很慢。从而看出,包括较深的钻孔型仪器及深水井在内,欲避免气压微变化干扰很难,只宜用高精度的气压观测资料来校正。 相似文献
8.
1996年包头6.4级地震的地壳应变特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据GPS观测资料求出的水平地应变和由跨断层垂直形变计算出的速率强度累积率，研究了包头-大同地区1992～1995年、1995～1996年和1996～1999年的各时期的应变特征，并对包头6.4级(1996年5月3)地震前后的地应变进行对比，认为以压应变为主导的高值区可能是未来强震孕育的地区．面应变、主压应变、剪应变和趋势累积率同时较高的地区，强震危险性较大．一般低应变区和张应变为主导的地区，孕育强震的可能性小，属于比较稳定的地区．1992～1999年包头-大同地区的GPS水平应变的演变，反映了1996～1998年地震幕的孕育发展及结束的全过程．以压应变为主的高应变区和应变梯度带可作为未来强震危险区的判定标志之一． 相似文献
9.
西昌小庙地倾斜为洞室观测。仪器洞室深58.5米,洞顶覆盖层厚度约25米,上有植被。目前洞内年温度在17.0～17.5℃间,湿度93％。JB型金属丝水平摆倾斜仪安装于1985年3月,其光杠杆长2.6米,使用周期20.0″,ηNS、ηEW均为5.71ms/mm。试记中的SQ-70C型水平摆安装于同年11月,其光杠杆长5.0米,试记周期为43～47秒,格值在3.00～4.00ms/mm间(未 相似文献
10.
分析了浙江省宁波地震台ZK03井动水位、VS垂直摆倾斜仪资料出现的异常,认为这些异常可能是印尼8.7、8.5级地震的同震变化现象。8.7级地震后,动水位表现为水震波引起的脉冲和阶跃变化并抬高水位。垂直摆倾斜仪资料表现为形变波引起的脉冲和阶跃变化,EW向出现最大幅度约为408.328 2×10-3″的脉冲式向东振荡波,并向西出现阶跃变化;NS向出现最大幅度约为295.191 7×10-3″的脉冲式向北振荡波,并产生向北阶跃变化。8.5级地震后,动水位表现为水震波引起的脉冲。垂直摆倾斜仪资料表现为形变波引起的脉冲和阶跃变化,EW向出现最大幅度约为306.280 9×10-3″的脉冲式向东振荡波,并向西出现阶跃变化;NS向出现最大幅度约为261.565 9×10-3″的脉冲式向北振荡波。 相似文献
11.
Small variation of annual temperature in deep tunnel can produce annual variation in tilt and strain
In this paper,finite element method (FEM) of axisymmetric linear elastic model has been used to calculate the tilt and strain induced by small annual temperature variations in a deep tunnel. The results show that even if the am-plitude of the annual variation meets the construction standard of seismic station issued by China Earthquake Ad-ministration (the annual temperature variation amplitude in the tunnel is no more than 0.5 °C),a small annual tem-perature variation of amplitude just 0.2 °C in the tunnel would produce 10?7 rad changes in tilt and 10?7 changes in strain. Especially,at the end and the corner of the tunnel,changes of tilt and strain can be even larger. Therefore,in the future,it is an important task to reduce the annual temperature variation in the tunnel as far as possible. Within the tunnel,for both baseline instrument and pendulum instrument,the modeling suggests ways of construction of the tunnel and installation of the instrument to decrease the influence of the annual temperature variation. 相似文献
12.
13.
地电阻率的年变畸变异常分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
张学民 《地震地磁观测与研究》2004,25(2):68-74
讨论分析了3种地电阻率年变畸变异常,即年变幅度增大型、年变幅度减小型、年变畸变混合型。并针对不同的异常给出了相关分析方法,为识别和使用这类异常提供了一定的思路和科学依据。 相似文献
14.
The statistical properties of annual runoff in major rivers of China are studied based on the theory of stochastic process and technology of time series analysis. These properties include the characteristics of intra‐annual and inter‐annual variations of runoff, trends, abrupt changes and periodicities. The new findings from the intensive calculations and appropriate analysis of data in longer period are as follows: (i) compared with the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff before 1980, the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980, except for Huaihe River and Songhua River; (ii) compared with the annual runoff before 1980, the annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980 except for WangJiaba station in Huaihe River and Ha‐Erbin station in Songhua River; the frequency of continuous low flow and continuous high flow in Haihe River and the downstream of Yellow River is higher than those in other rivers in China; (iii) annual runoff shows a downward trend in major rivers of China especially in Haihe River, Liao River and the midstream and downstream of Yellow River; (iv) there exist certain abrupt changes of annual runoff in major rivers of China; the abrupt change‐points are different among different river basins; and (v) almost periodicities of annual runoff sequences in major rivers of China are generally 20 years below, that is, 3~7 and 12~20 years. The reasons for these changes are mainly caused by climate change and human activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
陈伯舫 《地震地磁观测与研究》1997,18(2):40-44
用通日月均值减去夜均值计算的月均值资料和Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱分析法分析了１４个台站的北向分量１年周期变化的振幅向相位，时段为１９８４－１９８８年。分析结果显示用Ｐ＾０ｎ（ｄｎｄ＝１，…，６）复合模式的估算的Ｃ值较合理。各台的Ｃ值比较一致。 相似文献
17.
18.
Summary The global distributions of the annual and seasonal means of the diurnal (S
1) and semidiurnal (S
2) surface pressure oscillations are investigated by spherical harmonic analysis. The main waves are,S
1
1 (with wave number 1) forS
1 andS
2
2 forS
2.S
1
1 is much less predominant among the waves ofS
1 thanS
2
2 among those ofS
2. As in the case of the lunar semidiurnal barometric tideL
2 the pressure maxima occur earlier in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. In the case ofS
2 the standing waveS
2
0 and the waveS
2
3 are also of interest besidesS
2
2. Although the present analysis extends only from 60°N to 60°S, whileS
2
0 is largest at polar latitudes, its results show thatS
2
0 should be smaller at high southerly than at high northerly latitudes, as has been observed. Thus this observed asymmetrical distribution ofS
2
0 may be due to causes outside the polar regions rather than to their geographical differences. The best approximation to the observed distribution ofS
2
0 is obtained by including a mode representing an oscillation independent of longitude and latitude indicating a small semidiurnal variation of the mean global surface presure, which is an unlikely result on physical grounds.The seasonal variation ofS
1
1 expressed in percent of the annual mean is smaller than that ofS
2
2, and both are less than the unexplained seasonal variation ofL
2
2.The main wavesS
1
1 andS
2
2 are expressed not only by associated Legendre functions, but also by Hough functions.National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
19.
Summary The global distribution of the lunar barometric tideL
2 is investigated by spherical harmonic analysis, based on 104 stations for the annual mean, and on 85 stations for the three seasons. The main wave ofL
2 is the one with wave number 2, but for a detailed study of the irregularities of the global distribution ofL
2, waves with other wave numbers have also to be considered. Even the main wave ofL
2 is asymmetric to the equator with the two lunar-daily pressure maxima occurring earlier in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. The amplitudes at the same distances from the equator are greater in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. These hemispheric differences are most pronounced during the D season. As found in earlier investigations the phase consiant ofL
2 is always greater during the J season than during the D season. But the amplitudes are greatest during the J season only north of 30oS. Farther south the amplitude maximum occurs during the D season.sponsored by the National Science Foundation 相似文献
20.
An annual and a semiannual variation of the upper air density 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The fluctuation of the acceleration are analysed for several satellites. For the density variations three predominant influences can be distinguished: 1) The varying solar short ultra-violet radiation; 2) The day-night-effect; 3) An annual variation. The latter suggests a significant interaction of the terrestrial upper atmosphere with the interplanetary matter. The annual variation gives some evidence for an interstellar wind due to the solar motion in the local stellar system. 相似文献