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1.
Wear Performance of Saw Blades in Processing of Granitic Rocks and Development of Models for Wear Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the wear performance of diamond circular saw blades in cutting of granitic rocks. An alternative wear measuring method is developed to measure the reduced blade radius without taking the blade off the machine. The effect on and contribution to the specific wear rate (SWR) of each operating variable are determined, and the SWR is correlated with rock properties. Morphologies of wearing surfaces of segments and rocks are also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on both operating variables and rock properties, prediction models are developed for estimation of the SWR. Results show that the SWR increases with an increase in the peripheral speed and the traverse speed, while it decreases with an increase in the cutting depth and the flow rate of the cooling fluid. The peripheral speed, and the microhardness and proportions of minerals such as quartz, plagioclase, and feldspar are statistically determined as the significant variables affecting the SWR. Finally, it is disclosed that models developed for estimation of SWR have great potential for practical applications. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, an experimental study on the cut depth, which is an important cutting performance indicator in the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting of rock, was presented. Taguchi experimental design of an orthogonal array was employed to conduct the experiments. A variety of nine types of granitic rocks were used in the cutting experiments. The experimental data were used to assess the influence of AWJ operating variables on the cut depth. Using regression analysis, models for prediction of the cut depth from the operating variables and rock properties in AWJ machining of granitic rocks were then developed and verified. The results indicated that the cut depths decreased with increasing traverse speed and decreasing abrasive size. On the other hand, increase of the abrasive mass flow rate and water pressure led to increases in the cut depths. Additionally, it was observed that the standoff distance had no discernible effects on the cut depths. Furthermore, from the statistical analysis, it was found that the predictive models developed for the rock types had potential for practical applications. Verification of the models for using them as a practical guideline revealed a high applicability of the models within the experimental range used. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents an experimental and statistical study on the kerf width, used instead of the width of the cut in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting. Pre-dimensioned granitic rocks were sampled for the experimentations designed by using Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The effects of the AWJ operating variables on the kerf width were studied and the rock properties were correlated with the kerf widths. Additionally, predictive models for the kerf widths were developed using multi-variable regression analysis and the developed models were verified through some statistical tests. The results demonstrated that the standoff distance and the traverse speed have significant effects on the kerf widths. The results also showed that water absorption, unit weight, microhardness, the maximum grain size of rock-forming minerals, and mean grain size of the rock have significant correlations with the kerf widths of the tested rocks. Furthermore, the modeling results revealed that the predictive models derived from rock properties, can be successfully used as a practical guideline. 相似文献
4.
The rock cutting performance of an abrasive waterjet is affected by various parameters. In this study, rock cutting tests are conducted with different energy (i.e., water pressure, traverse speed, and abrasive feed rate), geometry (i.e., standoff distance), and material parameters [i.e., uniaxial compressive strength (UCS)]. In particular, experimental tests are carried out at a long standoff distance (up to 60 cm) to consider field application. The effective parameters of the rock cutting process are identified based on the relationships between the cutting performance indices (depth, width, and volume) and parameters. In addition, the cutting efficiency is analyzed with effective parameters as well as different pump types and the number of cutting passes considering the concept of kinetic jet energy. Efficiency analysis reveals that the cutting depth efficiency tends to increase with an increase in the water pressure and traverse speed and with a decrease in the standoff distance and UCS. Cutting volume efficiency strongly depends on standoff distance. High efficiency of cutting volume is obtained at a long standoff distance regardless of the pump type. The efficiency analysis provides a realistic way to optimize parameters for abrasive waterjet rock excavation. 相似文献
5.
The Effects of Operational Parameters on a Mono-wire Cutting System: Efficiency in Marble Processing
Mono-wire block cutting machines that cut with a diamond wire can be used for squaring natural stone blocks and the slab-cutting process. The efficient use of these machines reduces operating costs by ensuring less diamond wire wear and longer wire life at high speeds. The high investment costs of these machines will lead to their efficient use and reduce production costs by increasing plant efficiency. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the cutting performance parameters of mono-wire cutting machines in terms of rock properties and operating parameters. This study aims to investigate the effects of the wire rotational speed (peripheral speed) and wire descending speed (cutting speed), which are the operating parameters of a mono-wire cutting machine, on unit wear and unit energy, which are the performance parameters in mono-wire cutting. By using the obtained results, cuttability charts for each natural stone were created on the basis of unit wear and unit energy values, cutting optimizations were performed, and the relationships between some physical and mechanical properties of rocks and the optimum cutting parameters obtained as a result of the optimization were investigated. 相似文献
6.
Chiara Origliasso Marilena Cardu Vladislav Kecojevic 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):757-770
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the production rate (PR) and cutting performance of surface miners (SM) based on rock properties and specific energy (SE). We use data from equipment manufacturers and experimental data in this study and propose a new method and equations to determine both the PR and the cutting speed of SM. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the rock, its abrasivity, and the machine’s engine power are the three most important factors influencing the PR. Moreover, the cutting depth, UCS, and engine power have a significant impact on the cutting speed. We propose a new method and equations to determine the energy required to cut a volume unit and a surface unit, i.e., specific energy, and establish the relationship between SE, UCS, and PR. The results of this study can be used by surface miner operators to evaluate the applicability of the machines to a specific mine site. 相似文献
7.
Various types of conical picks in different shapes are produced and widely employed on mechanical excavators. Depending on the mechanical and abrasivity properties of rocks, appropriate shape of pick is selected. In order to obtain maximum efficiency from the pick during excavation, the interaction between the pick and rock and the cutting mechanism play very important role. In this context, linear cutting tests were conducted by using a conical pick at the cutting depths between 3 and 18 mm and also at the various line spacings on sandstones exhibiting different mechanical properties. The results indicated that cutting depth and line spacing have significant influences on the tool forces acting on the pick, the ratio of normal to cutting force, and the specific energy. Accordingly, strong correlations and empirical models were developed. In conclusion, the empirical models proposed for estimating the forces and specific energy would be used for producing the conical bits and also designing the cutter heads of mechanical excavators on soft and medium-hard strength sandstones. 相似文献
8.
目前关于锥形PDC齿的研究主要集中于数值模拟、现场及室内试验,而关于其切削力学特性的理论分析未见相关报道。通过数值模拟阐述了锥形PDC齿拉伸剪切破岩机理,以及切削载荷分布特性;根据能量平衡原理,推导了锥形PDC齿切削载荷理论公式。结果表明,相比于常规PDC齿,锥形PDC齿破岩过程更加稳定,其切削载荷受岩石性质、齿的形状参数、切削深度以及切削角度的影响,且切削载荷随着锥顶半径、切削角度以及吃入岩石深度的增加而增加。研究成果可为锥形PDC齿及钻头的设计提供理论支撑。 相似文献
9.
It is well accepted that there is a transition of failure mode from ductile to brittle with increasing depth of cut during rock cutting process. Rock failure modes affect cutting efficiency, and knowledge of the failure transition is essential to the determination of optimum cutting parameters. The critical transition depth can be linked with rock properties. In this study, an attempt was made to model rock cutting process and to check the dependence of the critical failure mode transition depth on the brittleness of rock. For this purpose, dimensional analysis was first performed to establish the correlations between rock macro‐properties and micro‐parameters for discrete element simulations. Following the specimen calibration procedure, two types of synthetic rocks having approximately the same uniaxial compressive strength were generated as the synthetic specimens for simulating the rock cutting process. The first specimen was created using conventional model construction method with identical bond strengths between particles, giving rise to undesirably high indirect tensile strength. The second specimen was created using a proposed clustering algorithm such that the ratio between the tensile and compressive strength matches reasonably well with that of real rocks. The results of rock cutting simulations demonstrate that failure mode transition took place in both models, but for the clustered model the transition emerged at a shallower cutting depth. A further exploration was made to derive the critical depth for this transition based on the simulations performed on the clustered models. The derived relationship indicates that the critical transition depth decreases as strength ratio or brittleness of the rock increases. This provides a very useful tool for predicting the critical depth which can be used to help cutting tool design and cutting parameter optimisations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
As the use of mechanical excavation in tunneling and mining activities expands, so has the use of disc cutters in various ground conditions. The impact of moisture content on rock behavior and rock excavation by disc cutters is examined in this study. This was done through a series of full-scale cutting tests using a 292 mm (11.5 in.) disc cutter in a moderate strength sandstone. The muck from the cutting tests was used to determine coarseness index (CI) and absolute size constant (x′). x′ was calculated using Rosin–Rammler distribution (or Weibull) curve, a statistical technique to look at the fragmented rock products. This approach is very popular among the mineral-processing professionals for the evaluation of the particle sizes of the comminution products. x′ and CI show a reasonable correlation with the specific energy of cutting and production rate. Both of these indicators were found to be dependent on the cut spacing and the interaction between the adjacent cuts, as anticipated. This paper explains the background information on this topic, reviews the laboratory testing, and offers analysis of the results of grain size distribution and its relationship with specific energy and cutting geometry. It should be noted that the experimental program was limited to only one rock type and additional testing on the other rock types is required to expand the results of the current study. 相似文献
11.
Deniz Tumac 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):703-715
Shore hardness has been used to estimate several physical and mechanical properties of rocks over the last few decades. However, the number of researches correlating Shore hardness with rock cutting performance is quite limited. Also, rather limited researches have been carried out on predicting the performance of chain saw machines. This study differs from the previous investigations in the way that Shore hardness values (SH1, SH2, and deformation coefficient) are used to determine the field performance of chain saw machines. The measured Shore hardness values are correlated with the physical and mechanical properties of natural stone samples, cutting parameters (normal force, cutting force, and specific energy) obtained from linear cutting tests in unrelieved cutting mode, and areal net cutting rate of chain saw machines. Two empirical models developed previously are improved for the prediction of the areal net cutting rate of chain saw machines. The first model is based on a revised chain saw penetration index, which uses SH1, machine weight, and useful arm cutting depth as predictors. The second model is based on the power consumed for only cutting the stone, arm thickness, and specific energy as a function of the deformation coefficient. While cutting force has a strong relationship with Shore hardness values, the normal force has a weak or moderate correlation. Uniaxial compressive strength, Cerchar abrasivity index, and density can also be predicted by Shore hardness values. 相似文献
12.
M. Mirahmadi M. Tabaei M. Soleiman Dehkordi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(5):1991-2002
The specific energy (SE) is the most important parameter to estimate the energy consumption in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). It is defined as the amount of required energy to excavate a unit volume of rock mass which used to predict the performance of TBMs. Several models are used to estimate the SE based on different parameters such as the rock mass properties, disc cutter dimensions and cutting geometry. The aim of this work is to propose new relations between the SE and the strain energy of rock mass (W) using the geological mappings of rock mass and TBM operational parameters from Amir-Kabir Water Transferring Tunnel of Iran. W is an appropriate criterion to estimate SE because it is a function of different parameters such as rock mass behavior, pre and post failure properties and peak and residual strains. In this study, to increase the correlation coefficient of relation between the mentioned parameters, the rock mass is classified in two methods, in the first method according to the geological strength index (GSI) all data is classified in three classes such as weak, fair and good and in the second method using the drop to deformation modulus ratio (η) the classification of data is performed in three classes such as η < 0.05, 0.05 ≤ η < 10 and η ≥ 10. The results show that there are direct relations between both parameters. It is suggested to estimate SE in all rock mass classes using the proposed relations based on GSI classification. 相似文献
13.
Irfan Celal Engin Fatih Bayram Nazmi Erhan Yasitli 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(4):755-766
In a processing plant, natural stone can be cut by methods such as circular sawing (CS), frame sawing (FS), water jet cutting (WJC) and abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC). The efficiency of cutting systems can be compared using various parameters. In this study, the specific energy values were determined and compared to evaluate the efficiency of rock-cutting methods. Rock-cutting experiments were performed on 12 different types of rock samples using a circular sawing machine and an AWJC machine. The experimental results showed that the specific energy values in AWJC were generally higher than in CS. In addition, the relationships between specific energy values and rock properties were explained in this study. The Shore hardness and abrasion resistance were found to be strongly related to the specific energy values, and according to these parameters prediction charts of specific energy values were created. 相似文献
14.
从组合切削具将在岩石中产生预破碎区的论点出发,通过实验定量研究了预破碎区深度与掏槽刃切入深度的关系,得出了预破碎区有利于降低岩石强度及岩石破碎能耗的结论,并用生产试验结果进行了验证。提出了孕镶金刚石钻头钻进Ⅶ～Ⅷ级硬岩时仍存在预破碎区和切削、微切削破岩方式,以及预破碎区并非越大越好的学术观点。 相似文献
15.
16.
This paper focuses on a small fault zone (too small to be detected by geophysical imaging) affecting a carbonate reservoir composed of porous and low-porosity layers. In a gallery located at 250 m depth, the hydraulic properties of a 20 m thick section of the reservoir affected by the studied fault are characterized by structural measurements and hydraulic injection into boreholes. We conducted electrical tomographies before and after an 18 hour-long injection, to image the fluid flow through the fault zone. Our main finding is that the damage zone displays contrasting permeability values (up to two orders of magnitude) inherited from the differential alteration of the intact rock layers. To characterize the impact of these hydraulic-property variations on the fluid flow, we carried out numerical simulations of water and supercritical CO2 injections, using the TOUGH2 code. Two damage-zone models were compared, with heterogeneous (Model 1) and homogeneous (Model 2) hydraulic properties. In Model 1, injected fluids cannot escape through the fault zone; they generate a high fluid overpressure, located in the damage-zone layers having the highest permeability and storativity. In Model 2, fluids can easily migrate; the overpressure is lower and located in the host rock along the fault zone. 相似文献
17.
根据截齿侵入岩石的断裂特征和相关试验数据,分析了破岩机制及不同截线间距对破岩效果的影响。在单刀旋转截割试验平台上,以不同切削深度和截线间距进行组合试验,并结合比能耗、粗度指数及截割载荷3个评价指标,对截线间距进行优化,研究截割该类型砂岩时截线间距与切削深度的最佳比值。试验结果表明,岩石在单齿旋转截割作用下的破碎过程大致可以分为初始压碎区细粒岩屑生成、密实核形成并储能、各向裂纹的扩展与连通、断裂体崩落、二次压碎区细粒岩屑生成5个阶段,且岩屑的断裂是以拉伸为主并伴随着挤压和剪切的共同作用;在最佳截割条件下,粗度指数较高,岩屑成块率增加,且比能耗低。通过分析岩石破碎过程及对截线间距的优化,可为掘进机破岩机制研究及截齿布置提供参考。 相似文献
18.
TBM掘进经常遇到复合岩层,在该地层中施工对滚刀破岩非常不利。为了提高掘进效率,降低工程造价,开展复合岩层滚刀破岩效率研究很有必要。鉴于此,采用滚刀岩机作用综合试验台对砂岩、花岗岩复合(复合比例为4(25) 6)而成的岩层进行5组刀间距下3种贯入度的3把滚刀同步旋转切割试验;试验过程中监测破岩总法向力、总扭矩,并分别收集两种岩石的岩渣进行筛分、称重;依据试验结果分析不同刀间距、贯入度下的法向力、扭矩及比能的关系。研究表明:不同刀间距时,平均法向力、平均扭矩随贯入度的增加而增大但两者的增加趋势不同,即平均法向力随着贯入度的增加几乎呈直线增大,而平均扭矩随着贯入度的增加其递增趋势减小;不同贯入度下存在不同的最优刀间距;砂岩、花岗岩切割轨迹长度比例为4:6时刀间距与贯入度的比值在14左右,破岩效率最高。 相似文献
19.
A two dimensional non-linear finite element simulation model has been developed using a mathematical model for progressive
rock failure for understanding the mode and sequence of rock failure under a drag pick cutter. Rock cutting simulation has
also been done using linear elastic modeling using local stability factor contouring. It has been observed from the simulation
results that during negative rake angle cutting the chipping occurs by shear failure of the elements. Whereas, in positive
rake angle cutting, some elements were observed to fail in shear and some under tension. The predicted peak cutting force
using the developed models was found to be up to 25% higher than the experimental values. The effect of input parameters such
as rake angle, flank wear, depth of cut and rock properties on the predicted peak cutting force has been studied, verified
from earlier experimental studies and compared with some earlier proposed theories on rock cutting. The elastic stress analysis
model based on the stability factor contouring method has also been found to be an effective tool to bracket the expected
peak cutting force for a given operational and rock parameters but failed to simulate the effect of pick geometry (rake angle)
correctly. The non-linear simulation model using progressive rock element failure is superior to elastic linear stress analysis
model by simulating the correct trends for all the rock and machining parameters. 相似文献
20.
A Study of Optimal Rock-Cutting Conditions for Hard Rock TBM Using the Discrete Element Method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The efficiency of TBM performance affected by the specific s/p (s: spacing and p: penetration) ratio of the disc cutter is a research issue in demand. This article presents a multi-indentation simulation using discrete element method (DEM) analysis to study the optimal rock-cutting phenomena in terms of the interaction of the s/p ratio with intact rock properties. The multi-indentation simulation attempts to represent a linear cutting machine (LCM) test, which is a full-scale test for evaluating the optimal rock-cutting condition and measuring required reaction forces based on the intact rock condition in general practice. A governing equation relating mechanical rock properties with geometric characteristics for the optimal rock-cutting condition is derived by the numerical simulation, and its performance is evaluated with the result of the laboratory LCM tests. The results of simulations and real LCM tests show that the effective rock-cutting condition corresponding to the minimum specific energy can be estimated by an optimized s/p ratio, which, in turn, is linearly proportional to the square of the material brittleness, B 2, and cutter tip width, t (i.e., s/p?=?cB 2 t, where c is coefficient). The limitation of the numerical simulation associated with the sample preparation is also discussed. 相似文献