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1.
This paper presents an experimental and statistical study on the kerf width, used instead of the width of the cut in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting. Pre-dimensioned granitic rocks were sampled for the experimentations designed by using Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The effects of the AWJ operating variables on the kerf width were studied and the rock properties were correlated with the kerf widths. Additionally, predictive models for the kerf widths were developed using multi-variable regression analysis and the developed models were verified through some statistical tests. The results demonstrated that the standoff distance and the traverse speed have significant effects on the kerf widths. The results also showed that water absorption, unit weight, microhardness, the maximum grain size of rock-forming minerals, and mean grain size of the rock have significant correlations with the kerf widths of the tested rocks. Furthermore, the modeling results revealed that the predictive models derived from rock properties, can be successfully used as a practical guideline. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents an experimental study on the sawing of granitic rocks by circular diamond sawblades. The influence of the operating variables and rock properties on the specific energy were initially investigated and analyzed. To determine the most significant operating variables and rock properties influencing the specific energy, statistical analyses were then employed and the models were built for the estimation of specific energy depending on the operating variables and the rock properties. Moreover, the derived models were validated through statistical tests such as the determination coefficient, t-test, F-test, and residuals. The results indicated that the specific energy decreased with the decreasing of peripheral speed and the increasing of traverse speed, cutting depth, and flow rate of cooling fluid, respectively. It was concluded that, rather than the physico-mechanical properties, the mineralogical properties were the dominant rock properties affecting the specific energy. Additionally, the peripheral speed was statistically determined as the most significant operating variable affecting the specific energy. The peripheral speed was followed by the cutting depth, traverse speed, and flow rate of cooling fluid with respect to their level of significance on the specific energy. Furthermore, the model results revealed that the developed models have high potentials as a guidance for practical applications. 相似文献
3.
Wear Performance of Saw Blades in Processing of Granitic Rocks and Development of Models for Wear Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the wear performance of diamond circular saw blades in cutting of granitic rocks. An alternative wear measuring method is developed to measure the reduced blade radius without taking the blade off the machine. The effect on and contribution to the specific wear rate (SWR) of each operating variable are determined, and the SWR is correlated with rock properties. Morphologies of wearing surfaces of segments and rocks are also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on both operating variables and rock properties, prediction models are developed for estimation of the SWR. Results show that the SWR increases with an increase in the peripheral speed and the traverse speed, while it decreases with an increase in the cutting depth and the flow rate of the cooling fluid. The peripheral speed, and the microhardness and proportions of minerals such as quartz, plagioclase, and feldspar are statistically determined as the significant variables affecting the SWR. Finally, it is disclosed that models developed for estimation of SWR have great potential for practical applications. 相似文献
4.
It is well accepted that there is a transition of failure mode from ductile to brittle with increasing depth of cut during rock cutting process. Rock failure modes affect cutting efficiency, and knowledge of the failure transition is essential to the determination of optimum cutting parameters. The critical transition depth can be linked with rock properties. In this study, an attempt was made to model rock cutting process and to check the dependence of the critical failure mode transition depth on the brittleness of rock. For this purpose, dimensional analysis was first performed to establish the correlations between rock macro‐properties and micro‐parameters for discrete element simulations. Following the specimen calibration procedure, two types of synthetic rocks having approximately the same uniaxial compressive strength were generated as the synthetic specimens for simulating the rock cutting process. The first specimen was created using conventional model construction method with identical bond strengths between particles, giving rise to undesirably high indirect tensile strength. The second specimen was created using a proposed clustering algorithm such that the ratio between the tensile and compressive strength matches reasonably well with that of real rocks. The results of rock cutting simulations demonstrate that failure mode transition took place in both models, but for the clustered model the transition emerged at a shallower cutting depth. A further exploration was made to derive the critical depth for this transition based on the simulations performed on the clustered models. The derived relationship indicates that the critical transition depth decreases as strength ratio or brittleness of the rock increases. This provides a very useful tool for predicting the critical depth which can be used to help cutting tool design and cutting parameter optimisations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Various types of conical picks in different shapes are produced and widely employed on mechanical excavators. Depending on the mechanical and abrasivity properties of rocks, appropriate shape of pick is selected. In order to obtain maximum efficiency from the pick during excavation, the interaction between the pick and rock and the cutting mechanism play very important role. In this context, linear cutting tests were conducted by using a conical pick at the cutting depths between 3 and 18 mm and also at the various line spacings on sandstones exhibiting different mechanical properties. The results indicated that cutting depth and line spacing have significant influences on the tool forces acting on the pick, the ratio of normal to cutting force, and the specific energy. Accordingly, strong correlations and empirical models were developed. In conclusion, the empirical models proposed for estimating the forces and specific energy would be used for producing the conical bits and also designing the cutter heads of mechanical excavators on soft and medium-hard strength sandstones. 相似文献
6.
The rock cutting performance of an abrasive waterjet is affected by various parameters. In this study, rock cutting tests are conducted with different energy (i.e., water pressure, traverse speed, and abrasive feed rate), geometry (i.e., standoff distance), and material parameters [i.e., uniaxial compressive strength (UCS)]. In particular, experimental tests are carried out at a long standoff distance (up to 60 cm) to consider field application. The effective parameters of the rock cutting process are identified based on the relationships between the cutting performance indices (depth, width, and volume) and parameters. In addition, the cutting efficiency is analyzed with effective parameters as well as different pump types and the number of cutting passes considering the concept of kinetic jet energy. Efficiency analysis reveals that the cutting depth efficiency tends to increase with an increase in the water pressure and traverse speed and with a decrease in the standoff distance and UCS. Cutting volume efficiency strongly depends on standoff distance. High efficiency of cutting volume is obtained at a long standoff distance regardless of the pump type. The efficiency analysis provides a realistic way to optimize parameters for abrasive waterjet rock excavation. 相似文献
7.
A two dimensional non-linear finite element simulation model has been developed using a mathematical model for progressive
rock failure for understanding the mode and sequence of rock failure under a drag pick cutter. Rock cutting simulation has
also been done using linear elastic modeling using local stability factor contouring. It has been observed from the simulation
results that during negative rake angle cutting the chipping occurs by shear failure of the elements. Whereas, in positive
rake angle cutting, some elements were observed to fail in shear and some under tension. The predicted peak cutting force
using the developed models was found to be up to 25% higher than the experimental values. The effect of input parameters such
as rake angle, flank wear, depth of cut and rock properties on the predicted peak cutting force has been studied, verified
from earlier experimental studies and compared with some earlier proposed theories on rock cutting. The elastic stress analysis
model based on the stability factor contouring method has also been found to be an effective tool to bracket the expected
peak cutting force for a given operational and rock parameters but failed to simulate the effect of pick geometry (rake angle)
correctly. The non-linear simulation model using progressive rock element failure is superior to elastic linear stress analysis
model by simulating the correct trends for all the rock and machining parameters. 相似文献
8.
Recycling of abrasives in abrasive water jet cutting with different types of granite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gokhan Aydin 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(10):4425-4435
The cost of abrasives has restricted usage of abrasive water jet (AWJ) technology in natural stone cutting applications. However, recycling of the abrasives makes the technology more economical, effective, and environmentally friendly. In this study, significant rock properties affecting the recycling of abrasives in AWJ cutting of granites are investigated. Abrasive mass percentage above 106 μm (AMP106μm) is considered as a performance criterion in terms of recycling of abrasives since these abrasives can be effectively reused in the rock cutting applications. The study reveals that a considerable amount of used abrasives is in a reusable form. Among the rock properties, the microhardness is statistically determined as the most significant rock property affecting the AMP106μm. It is also concluded that theAMP106μm can be explained with high accuracy by the proposed model including the microhardness, the quartz content, and the plagioclase content. 相似文献
9.
TBM掘进经常遇到复合岩层,在该地层中施工对滚刀破岩非常不利。为了提高掘进效率,降低工程造价,开展复合岩层滚刀破岩效率研究很有必要。鉴于此,采用滚刀岩机作用综合试验台对砂岩、花岗岩复合(复合比例为4(25) 6)而成的岩层进行5组刀间距下3种贯入度的3把滚刀同步旋转切割试验;试验过程中监测破岩总法向力、总扭矩,并分别收集两种岩石的岩渣进行筛分、称重;依据试验结果分析不同刀间距、贯入度下的法向力、扭矩及比能的关系。研究表明:不同刀间距时,平均法向力、平均扭矩随贯入度的增加而增大但两者的增加趋势不同,即平均法向力随着贯入度的增加几乎呈直线增大,而平均扭矩随着贯入度的增加其递增趋势减小;不同贯入度下存在不同的最优刀间距;砂岩、花岗岩切割轨迹长度比例为4:6时刀间距与贯入度的比值在14左右,破岩效率最高。 相似文献
10.
Irfan Celal Engin Fatih Bayram Nazmi Erhan Yasitli 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(4):755-766
In a processing plant, natural stone can be cut by methods such as circular sawing (CS), frame sawing (FS), water jet cutting (WJC) and abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC). The efficiency of cutting systems can be compared using various parameters. In this study, the specific energy values were determined and compared to evaluate the efficiency of rock-cutting methods. Rock-cutting experiments were performed on 12 different types of rock samples using a circular sawing machine and an AWJC machine. The experimental results showed that the specific energy values in AWJC were generally higher than in CS. In addition, the relationships between specific energy values and rock properties were explained in this study. The Shore hardness and abrasion resistance were found to be strongly related to the specific energy values, and according to these parameters prediction charts of specific energy values were created. 相似文献
11.
Estimating the Peak Indentation Force of the Edge Chipping of Rocks Using Single Point-Attack Pick 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article establishes a new model for estimating the peak indentation force of the edge chipping of rocks when using a
conical or a pyramidal point-attack pick. The investigation points out that the existing formulation in the literature is
based on an inappropriate stress assumption and equilibrium, and hence leads to incorrect cutting force estimations. The new
model developed in this study is based on an analysis of the penetration force and energy dissipation using fracture mechanics,
similarity of chip geometry, and edge chipping tests on four different rock materials. It is found that the peak indentation
force and the depth of cut follow a power law, that the new model can reasonably estimate the experimental measurements, and
that it provides useful information for the shape optimization of point-attack picks in mechanical excavation. 相似文献
12.
Sohan Singh Rajpurohit Rabindra Kumar Sinha Phalguni Sen Sahendra Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):564
Cutting performance of diamond wire saw is a key factor influencing mine planning, production scheduling, and equipment selection for dimension stone quarries. It is normally measured in terms of cutting rate. Rock samples collected from various granite and marble quarries in India were tested in laboratory to determine their physico-mechanical properties. Cutting rate of diamond wire saw was measured in the field studies during the actual cutting process in quarries. Using these laboratory determined properties and the cutting rate, a multiple linear regression model has been developed to predict the cutting rate of diamond wire saw. Physico-mechanical properties of rocks determined in laboratory are used as independent variables and cutting rate as predictor variable in the regression model. The study indicates that the cutting rate increases with a decrease in most of the hardness and strength parameters of rock. The final model is tested for its goodness of fit indicating a significant linear relation between cutting rate and physico-mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, slake durability index, and Cerchar hardness index with regression coefficient of 94%. The resulting model can be used suitably for different types of hard to medium hard and soft dimension stones. The generalized model for estimating the cutting rate becomes a handy tool for mining engineers to work out operating efficiency, expenses, planning etc. of the dimension stone block cutting. 相似文献
13.
Akira Imai Kotaro Yonezu Kenzo Sanematsu Takashi Ikuno Shingo Ishida Koichiro Watanabe Visut Pisutha‐Arnond Somchai Nakapadungrat Jarupong Boosayasak 《Resource Geology》2013,63(1):84-98
Geochemical studies were conducted on the hydrothermally altered granitic rocks in the Ranong and Takua Pa tin‐fields in southern Thailand in order to investigate the mode of occurrence of REE (rare earth elements), with emphasis placed on a potential REE resource associated with granitic rocks in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt. The total REE (ΣREE) content of altered granitic rocks ranges from 130 to 350 ppm at Haad Son Paen (which is presently mined for kaolin clay) in the Ranong tin‐field, and that of altered granitic rocks and kaolinite veinlets reaches up to 424 ppm and 872 ppm, respectively, at Nok Hook in the Takua Pa tin‐field. Rare earth elements in the altered granitic rocks and kaolinite veinlets show a relatively flat chondrite‐normalized pattern, thus enriched in heavy REE compared with the original granitic rocks and their weathered crusts. At Nok Hook (Takua Pa), the ΣREE content of kaolinite separated from an altered granitic rock by elutriation is 1313 ppm, a ΣREE amount about four times higher than that of whole‐rock composition of the altered granitic rock. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of the elutriated kaolinite and of the altered granite are relatively flat. Sequential extraction experiments suggest that 41 and 85 percent of REE are present as ion exchangeable‐form in the altered granitic rock, and in the kaolinite veinlets, respectively. In addition, more than 90% of REE in the kaolinite veinlets are present as the acid‐soluble state. On the other hand, the ΣREE content of kaolinite veinlets and of the kaolinite concentrated by elutriation from an altered granitic rock at Haad Som Paen (Ranong) is 70 ppm and 75 ppm, respectively, thus enrichment of REE in kaolinite was not confirmed. In addition, by the sequential extraction experiments, 23% and 4% of REE were extracted from the altered granitic rock and the kaolinite veinlets at Haad Som Paen. In the altered granitic rocks at Haad Som Paen, REE are present as refractory phases, and REE in the acid‐soluble states had been leached by hydrothermal fluid. 相似文献
14.
Pumice flow from the 1883 Krakatau eruption significantly differs in both mineral and chemical compositions from any other volcanic rocks or ejecta of the Krakatau group, which belong to the tholeiitic series. Lithic fragments of granitic Rock, discovered in the pumice flow, are similar to West Malayan granitic rocks. No other granitic rock occurs throughout the Krakatau group, therefore, we consider that the granitic fragments came from the underlying complex at depths, where they were captured as foreign materials by the magma.It is possible that sialic crustal materials plunged into depths along a peculiar tectonic structure located at the Sunda Strait, which appears to be a sheared portion caused by deformation of the Sunda arc due to differential movement between the Indo-Australian oceanic plate and the Eurasian continental crust. The crustal materials were partially melted and produced a magma of granitic composition. The magma was mixed with or assimilated by an ascending basaltic magma originating probably from the upper mantle. This resulted in a dacitic magma distinctly dominant in silica, alkalis and volatile components, and the 1883 Krakatau eruption, characterized by the pumice flow of dacitic composition, took place. 相似文献
15.
磨料水射流作用下岩石损伤场的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
磨料水射流（AWJ）破碎岩石的过程是多相流体与结构物体之间非线性碰撞动力耦合问题,其内部的复杂机制涵盖了诸多方面。基于ALE（Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian）流-固耦合罚函数算法,从连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学角度出发,建立了磨料水射流冲击破碎岩石模型。研究表明：岩石的破坏主要以冲击破坏为主,破坏具有明显的局部效应,破碎过程以漏斗状交替推进;岩石内部的损伤场以阶段性演化,即分为线弹性阶段、非线性失稳破碎阶段,岩石在射流冲击交替应力的作用下50 ?s内完全破坏。计算结果与相关文献基本吻合,研究结果对深入研究磨料水射流破岩理论及应用有着重要的学术和现实意义。 相似文献
16.
17.
为探究单刀齿线性切削作用下岩石的破坏规律，利用大比尺模型试验平台对砂岩开展了线性切削试验，结合分形几何学方法，对砂岩在不同切削角度及不同切削深度下的切削产物，包括切削沟槽的尺寸及切削碎块的几何特征进行了分析。试验结果表明，切削影响宽度与切削深度呈良好的线性关系，且随切削深度的增加而增加，切削角度为45°时相同切削深度对应的切削影响宽度最小。砂岩的切削碎块块度分布具有分形特征，分形维数集中在1.88～2.66。分形维数与切削深度呈良好的线性关系，随切削深度的增加而减小。分形维数与切削角度间的关系可统一用二次函数进行拟合，但随着切削深度的增加，函数二次项系数由正值变为负值。 相似文献
18.
Textural characteristics are a major factor in determining the mechanical behaviour of rocks and in the prediction of performance of rock cutting and drilling equipment. The principal textural characteristics of rocks are grain size, grain shape, grain orientation, relative proportion of grains and matrix material which were herein quantitatively measured using a modern image analysis system. These features resulted in a texture coefficient represented by a single number for each rock specimen. In this study a range of both textural and mechanical data for a range of rock types are given with some of the textural determination methodology. Correlation between textural and physical properties are also highlighted. The results of drilling tests using polycrystalline diamond compact (pin and hybrid) and impregnated diamond core bits in the rocks are presented which demonstrate the influence of rock texture on drillability. The rock texture can be used as a predictive factor for assessing the drillability and cuttability, mechanical and wear performance of rocks. 相似文献
19.
The Nisa-Alburquerque granitic batholith (southern Variscan Belt, Iberian Peninsula) has been studied by petrological, structural
and geophysical approaches, obtaining contrasting models for its deep structure and emplacement sequence. In order to test
these models and gain knowledge on the thermal increase induced by the intrusion, we have studied its contact aureole, which
was developed in similar country rock lithologies (mica schists alternating with metasandstones and feldespatic schists) all
along the northern external contact of the batholith. Our results indicate no change in metamorphic grade and some variations
in aureole width, which narrows toward the western sectors of the batholith. Cordierite is the only contact metamorphic mineral
developed together with a high temperature biotite probably related to the granite thermal input. By considering these new
data, together with zircon saturation temperatures within the granite and previous petrological and geophysical studies, we
propose a model in which the feeder zones of the granitic magmas were an eastern main one and a western secondary one. We
have also made comparisons of the metamorphic grade in the country rocks and the xenoliths within the granite. Most of the
xenoliths have the same metamorphic facies as the country rocks (Crd-zone), though some of them contain slightly different
assemblages (And + Crd), which could be explained in different ways: (1) differences in the primary schist compositions, (2)
increased time-span of xenoliths in contact with the melt and (3) xenolith incorporation at slightly higher depths during
final granite ascent. 相似文献
20.
The Effects of Operational Parameters on a Mono-wire Cutting System: Efficiency in Marble Processing
Mono-wire block cutting machines that cut with a diamond wire can be used for squaring natural stone blocks and the slab-cutting process. The efficient use of these machines reduces operating costs by ensuring less diamond wire wear and longer wire life at high speeds. The high investment costs of these machines will lead to their efficient use and reduce production costs by increasing plant efficiency. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the cutting performance parameters of mono-wire cutting machines in terms of rock properties and operating parameters. This study aims to investigate the effects of the wire rotational speed (peripheral speed) and wire descending speed (cutting speed), which are the operating parameters of a mono-wire cutting machine, on unit wear and unit energy, which are the performance parameters in mono-wire cutting. By using the obtained results, cuttability charts for each natural stone were created on the basis of unit wear and unit energy values, cutting optimizations were performed, and the relationships between some physical and mechanical properties of rocks and the optimum cutting parameters obtained as a result of the optimization were investigated. 相似文献