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生物壳体碳酸盐的稳定氧、碳同位素已经被广泛地应用在古气候、古环境研究中,在生物壳体就位分析中,壳体不同断面上同位素的差异将影响对壳体同位素所指示的环境意义的判断,从而对利用其提取气候环境信息造成不利影响。本文对河蚬壳体不同断面碳氧同位素进行了研究,结果表明:河蚬壳体碳同位素变化序列在不同断面上不存在显著差异,因此在做碳同位素时间序列研究时可以不考虑不同断面差异的问题,在取样过程中可以通过延长取样的长度来获得足够量的样品进行碳同位素的测定;而氧同位素变化序列在不同断面上存在差异,因此在进行壳体就位分析研究时,选取不同断面上氧同位素变化序列对研究结果影响较大,存在壳体断面选择的问题,而在取样过程中取样的长度应控制在一定范围内,避免同一生长环上距离较远位置粉末的混合。文中最后根据壳体不同断面同位素差异确定了在壳体就位分析中如何选取研究断面。 相似文献
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详细地测定了湖北和云南两个标准剖面中前寒武纪和寒武纪边界上150个样品的碳、氧同位素值。结果表明在此边界上，碳、氧同位素值有一个明显的急剧变化。造成这种变化的原因可能是外星体撞击地球后由于生物的大量灭绝造成的。 相似文献
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GasBenchⅡ-连续流稳定同位素质谱仪(IRMS)联用在线分析已成为碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析测试的常用方法,已有研究认为不同的实验条件直接影响δ13C和δ18O同位素测试结果的准确性。但这些报道未对该联用方法所涉及的实验条件进行综合分析。本文系统研究了GasBenchⅡ-IRMS法中各种实验条件(包括排空时间、反应温度、反应时间和色谱分离温度)对碳氧同位素测试结果的综合影响。结果表明:排空时间大于9 min可有效消除空气对测试结果的干扰,不同的反应温度和时间对碳氧同位素分析结果均有一定影响,经条件优化确定反应温度为72℃,反应时间为60 min,色谱分离温度为60℃。在优化的实验条件下,碳氧同位素分析精度分别优于0.03‰和0.05‰,达到了国际分析测试水平。同时,选择合适的同位素数据归一化方法可以进一步保证碳氧同位素测试结果的准确性和可靠性。通过分析近4000件实际样品,对比单一标准物质校准和双标准物质校准同位素归一化方法的计算结果,发现双标准物质校准偏差小于单一标准物质校准偏差,因此建议采用双标准物质校准法进行样品同位素标准化计算。本研究为GasBenchⅡ-IRMS联用技术中实验条件的选取提供了一定的参考,保证碳氧同位素测试结果的可靠性和准确性。同时提出,由于样品成分复杂且不均一,在分析实际样品时需要根据样品的性质进一步对实验条件进行考察。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素组成数据能否有效地反应原始大洋的同位素组成是稳定同位素地层学研究成败的关键,因此,如何准确地判断碳同位素比值的有效性成为该稳定同位素地层学研究中的焦点问题之一。碳同位素值有效性受成岩作用、地层缺失、样品处理过程等多方面因素影响,但成岩作用是诸多因素中最普遍、最主要的,因而正确判别碳同位素值可靠性通常也就是对样品及其同位素组成经受成岩改造程度的评定。确保碳同位素测试结果可靠应主要把握前期严格选样和后期数据分析两个重要环节。前期选样包括野外和室内两步,是在宏观尺度上对数据可靠性的把握;后期数据分析则主要是在严格选样的基础上,利用碳(及附带的氧)同位素自身数据特征以及借助Mn、Fe、Sr等微量元素特征从元素级别的微观角度对同位素值有效性做出进一步判别。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物孔隙水中溶解无机碳(DIC)的碳同位素分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中往往含有一定量的溶解CO2（以HCO-3存在），其δ13C值组成十分恒定，一般在0‰值附近。赋存在海底沉积物中的孔隙水往往含有比海水更高的溶解CO2含量，且其碳同位素组成变化极大。对这些溶解CO2的碳同位素组成进行分析，能够为我们了解海底沉积物沉积-成岩过程和生物地球化学过程提供十分丰富的信息。为此，开展了沉积物孔隙水中溶解CO2 (DIC)的碳同位素分析方法的研究。 采用的仪器为德国Finnigan公司生产的连续流质谱仪（Delta Plus XP）及与之联机的多功能制样装置(Gas Bench)。 Delta Plus XP为稳定同位素比值质谱仪，可以进行C、H、O、S、N等稳定同位素比值的测定，内精度小于0.1‰，外精度为0.1‰,稳定性好于0.03×10-6nA/h。Gas Bench为多功能在线制样装置，可进行CO2-H2O平衡法氧同位素，溶解二氧化碳碳同位素，碳酸盐碳氧同位素，空气中氮同位素及氮总量的前期制样，由于使用自动制样系统，具有处理时间短，效率高的优点。 样品分析过程：首先在自动进样器中对样品管进行烘烤(45℃)，然后拧紧瓶盖向样品管中充入氦气（16 min/管），充气完毕之后开始加人样品，使用注射器向管中注射0.5 mL样品，下一步使用加酸装置向管中注人磷酸反应平衡，磷酸用量大约0.3 mL左右，反应式如下： H3PO4＋HCO-3 aq===CO2(g)+H2PO- 4…+H2O…… 平衡1h后利用氦气将反应生成的气体CO2送人Delta Plus XP质谱仪测试。 实验过程中，制备了3个水样标准。NJWCS-l为直接取自实验室的Mill-Q纯净水，NJWCS-2为Mill-Q纯净水经蒸沸再冷却后，装人一密封的瓶子中，并向瓶中通人实验室用超纯钢瓶CO2气约4h，使CO2气充分溶解在水中并达到平衡。该瓶气体的δ13C值为-21.85‰。NJWCS-3为南京大学的自来水。 在不同时间对上述标准水样进行碳同位素组成测试结果表1。 实验过程中，选取3个采自南海北部某区海底沉积物孔隙水样品，进行了多次重复测试。结果表明，测试结果十分稳定。其中S-1的δ13C值（-5.11±0.12)‰( n=4); S-2的梦δ13C值（-27.13±0. 02)‰( n=2);S-3的δ13C值（-29.34±0.37)‰（n＝2)。 综上所述，通过笔者建立的分析方法，可对沉积物中孔隙水溶解无机碳碳同位素组成进行准确测试。这一方法的建立，有利于对海洋沉积物孔隙水中可能存在的碳同位素组成异常及其与天然气水合物的关系进行深人探讨。同时，该方法也完全适合于测定自然界中其他水体（如湖水、河水、油田卤水、地下水等）的溶解无机碳的碳同位素组成，因而该方法有着广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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泥盆纪海水的碳、氧同位素变化——来自腕足化石的同位素记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生物壳体中的碳、氧同位素一直被用来反演地质历史时期海水同位素组成。具有较强抵抗成岩后生作用(低镁方解石)的腕足化石,分布广泛,被认为是反演古生代海水同位素的理想样品之一。本文通过对四川龙门山泥盆纪保存完好的腕足化石碳、氧同位素的提取,建立该时期海水同位素变化曲线,并对其控制因素进行探讨。研究显示：碳同位素组成在~2‰~+2‰(PDB下同)之间变化。其间经历3个旋回,其相对高值分别对应龙门山地区其中3个成礁期。同时因海平面变化不同,碳同位素表现出正偏幅度的不同。表明生物生长以及海平面变化共同控制着海水碳同位素组成,且生物生长对其影响较大。氧同位素组成在4‰~ -10‰之间变化。在埃姆斯阶对应的甘溪组、谢家湾组以及二台子组时期,氧同位素从-10‰逐渐升高到-6‰。但相对于世界其他地区该时期氧同位素偏低-2‰~ -4‰。可能原因是早期处于封闭海洋环境的平驿铺群时期,淡水注入造成海水氧同位素严重偏负。埃姆斯阶全球海平面上升,广海海水同化作用,氧同位素不断上升。从养马坝至小岭坡组时段内,氧同位素在-4‰~ -6‰之间变化,同世界其他地区相当。其幅度变化表明：温度可能是其控制因素。 相似文献
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同位素标准物质是同位素分析的基准物质和数据比较的重要依据。方解石811作为碳酸盐碳氧同位素的实验室标准物质,具有良好的适用性,但由于制备时间久远,存量日益减少,且性状信息缺乏,影响了该标准在微区微量分析中的运用。本次研究选用未制备的811方解石(811N)作为研究对象,结合多种分析技术从不同尺度对其矿物组成、元素含量分布、碳氧同位素组成进行分析,揭示其相关信息及规律,并探讨了其Sr同位素组成,从而为下一步811N的制备和使用提供参考信息,有助于该样在不同碳酸盐分析和研究,特别是微区微量元素和同位素中的运用。实验结果表明,方解石811N较为纯净,主要为方解石,只含有微量的白云石、针铁矿、黏土矿物;除主要化学成分(CaCO3)外,含有微量的Mg、Mn、Sr、Si、REE、U、Th等元素,Mg、Mn、Sr含量在整体分布上存在一定的变化,但在局部相对均匀。碳氧同位素组成整体差异程度相对较小,且其差异程度和元素均匀性呈对应关系,主要区域碳氧同位素组成均匀。Sr同位素组成在不同区域中无明显差异。本次研究认为811N是合适的碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析标准物质,该样制备后能够满足碳氧同位素分析和研究的需要,同时该样具备适用于微区微量C、O、Sr同位素分析和研究的潜力。 相似文献
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Yuichi MORISHITA 《Resource Geology》1999,49(4):243-257
Abstract: Predominant Zn-rich ore bodies were found to a deep part of the Sakonishi area in the Kamioka mining district, Japan. The ore mineralization was recognized at 230 to 300m above sea level in the Sakonishi area. Since crystalline limestone is broadly distributed over the area, and the variation in isotopic composition is easily detected, the isotopic prospecting should be powerful in surveying of the extent of the ore bodies and the related hydrothermal system. Although isotopic anomalies have been extracted two-dimensionally so far, three-dimensional information is possibly more powerful. In this paper, Zn-rich ore bodies in the Sakonishi area are treated as hydrothermal ore deposits, and the importance of the activity of hydrothermal fluids during mineralization is emphasized. Oxygen and carbon isotopic ‘iso–surfaces’ are three-dimensionally calculated for the Sakonishi area. The δ18O values of crystalline limestone from the surface and from the drill holes range from +8. 1 to +21. 1% and from –2. 7 to +20. 4%, respectively. The δ13C values of crystalline limestone from the surface and from the drill holes range from –1. 0 to +5. 3% and from –7. 7 to +4. 6%, respectively. The oxygen and carbon iso-topic ratios at the mineralization level are extremely low, but there are exceptions as to carbon isotopes. The oxygen isotopic ratios of crystalline limestone may decrease by isotopic exchange reaction with a hydrothermal fluid, while the carbon isotopic ratios slightly change. Since the precipitated calcite from a hydrothermal fluid has low carbon isotopic ratio and various oxygen isotopic ratio depending on the formation temperature, the bulk sample of crystalline limestone containing the precipitated calcite has oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of relatively low values accordingly. Thus the decrease mechanism for carbon isotopic ratio of crystalline limestone is different from that for oxygen isotopic ratio. Samples with the carbon isotopic ratio of –4 to –8% are considered to be crystallized from hydrothermal fluids. Since the oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of crystalline limestone at the ore mineralization level are low, the ore bodies are considered to have formed by a prominent hydrothermal activity. Thus oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of crystalline limestone can be used as an indicator of the related hydrothermal activity. The alteration such as chloritization is intense near fractures in the Sakonishi area, showing that the hydrothermal system is controlled by a fracture system. It is assumed that the decreased isotopic ratios indicate the high degree of reactivity with hydrothermal fluids, and the depleted zone in oxygen and carbon isotopes may correspond to the conduit of the hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
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在岩相、阴极发光分析基础上,对湖南茶陵盆地戴家坪组成壤钙质结核进行了碳、氧同位素测试,重建了该区晚白垩世古降水的氧同位素。分析结果显示,戴家坪组发育钙质古土壤,背景岩性以洪积扇环境下形成的副砾岩为特征;钙质结核主要由棕红色微晶方解石基质和浅红色方解石脉构成,前者的阴极发光呈微弱橘红色或不发光,后者发光呈明亮橘黄色;钙质结核的δ18O值（VPDB）介于-7.96‰~-11.35‰之间,δ13C值（VPDB）为-7.30‰~-8.24‰。综合方解石构成、阴极发光和氧同位素表明,钙质结核存在两期方解石沉淀作用。依据氧同位素分布特征,在样品CL-11C4的δ18O值（VPDB）中识别出2条大气方解石线（MCLs）,分别为（-9.04±0.18）‰和（-8.03±0.11）‰。进一步根据古纬度和地表温度,估算出茶陵地区晚白垩世晚期的大气降水δ18Ow值（VSMOW）为-5.76‰~-6.80‰,与北美近似纬度地区同期的降水一致,为白垩纪水文循环模型及古大气环流模拟提供了基础参考数据。 相似文献
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V. Yu. Prokof’ev N. S. Bortnikov V. A. Kovalenker S. F. Vinokurov L. D. Zorina A. D. Chernova S. G. Kryazhev A. N. Krasnov S. A. Gorbacheva 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(2):81-113
The chemistry, REE patterns, and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates from ore veins of the Darasun deposit
are discussed. In addition to the earlier described siderite, calcite, and carbonates of the dolomite-ankerite series, kutnahorite
is identified. The total REE content in Fe-Mg carbonates of the dolomite-ankerite series (2.8–73 ppm) is much lower than in
later calcite (18–390 ppm). δ13C of Fe-Mg carbonates and calcite varies from +1.1 to −6.7‰ and from −0.9 to −4.9‰, respectively. δ18O of Fe-Mg carbonates and calcite varies from +17.6 to 3.6‰ and from +15.7 to −0.5‰, respectively. The REE sum and carbon
and oxygen isotopic compositions reveal zonal distribution relative to the central granodiorite porphyry stock. The correlation
between the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and REE sum reflects variations in the physicochemical formation conditions
and composition of ore-forming fluid. The isotopic composition of fluid is calculated, and possible sources of its components
are considered. Earlier established evidence for a magmatic source of ore-forming fluid and participation of meteoric water
in ore formation is confirmed. Geochemical evidence for interaction of ore-forming fluid with host rocks is furnished. The
relationships between the REE sum, on the one hand, and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of hydrothermal ore-forming
fluid, on the other, are established. 相似文献
14.
The role of the grain boundary at chemical and isotopic fronts in marble during contact metamorphism
Hideki Wada Takamaru Ando Masayuki Suzuki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,132(4):309-320
Carbon and oxygen isotopic profiles around a low pressure metasomatic wollastonite reaction front in a marble of the Hida
metamorphic terrain, central Japan, display typical metamorphic fluid-enhanced isotopic zonations. Isotopic profiles obtained
from detailed microscale analyses perpendicular to the chemical reaction front in calcite marble show that diffusion-enhanced
isotopic exchange may control these profiles. Carbon and oxygen isotopic behaviour in grain boundaries is remarkably different.
Oxygen isotopic troughs (18O depleted rims) around the calcite-grain boundaries are widely observed in this contact aureole, demonstrating that diffusion
of oxygen in calcite grain boundary dominates over lattice diffusion in calcite. In contrast, no difference is observed in
carbon isotopic profiles obtained from grain cores and rims. There is thus no specific role of the grain boundary for diffusion
of carbonic species in the metamorphic fluid during transportation. Carbon chemical species such as CO2 and CO3 ions in metamorphic fluid migrate mainly through lattice diffusion. The carbon and oxygen isotope profiles may be modelled
by diffusion into a semi-infinite medium. Empirically lattice diffusion of oxygen isotopes is almost six times faster than
that of carbon isotopes, and oxygen grain-boundary diffusion is ten times faster than oxygen lattice diffusion. Oxygen isotopic
results around the wollastonite vein indicate that migration of the metamorphic fluid into calcite marble was small and was
parallel to the aquifer. From the stability of wollastonite and the attainment of oxygen isotopic equilibrium, we suggest
that diffusion of oxygen occurred through an aqueous fluid phase. The timescale of formation of the oxygen isotopic profile
around the wollastonite vein is calculated to be about 0.76 × 106 years using the experimentally determined diffusion constant.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Accepted: 23 April 1998 相似文献
15.
The carbonate platforms of the Wetterstein Formation of the Eastern Alps (Drau Range and Northern Calcareous Alps) show a distinct facies zonation of reefs and lagoons. While some lagoonal areas were episodically emerged and formed lagoonal islands, others remained permanently flooded. The scale of near surface, meteoric or marine diagenesis was related to this lagoonal topography. At shallow burial depth, cementation was dominated by altered marine solutions, which additionally caused recrystallization of metastable constituents of the sediment and earlier marine cements (high magnesian calcite, aragonite) connected with a carbon and oxygen isotopic change to more negative values. Deeper burial cementation shows a succession with two types of saddle dolomite and three types of blocky calcite. Carbon and oxygen isotopic values of these cements show a trend towards more negative values from the first to the last generation, in the following succession: clear saddle dolomite—zoned blocky calcite—cloudy saddle dolomite—post-corrosion blocky calcite—replacive blocky calcite. Fluid inclusion studies of the carbonate cements are interpreted to indicate a deeper burial temperature development that first increases from 175 to 317°C, followed by a temperature decrease to 163–260°C, and subsequent increase up to 316°C, whereby the samples of the Drau Range always show the lowest values. Calculations of the isotopic composition of the water, from which the carbonate cements were precipitated, yielded positive δ18O values from 6.66 to 17.81%o (SMOW), which are characteristic for formation and/or metamorphic waters. Also, the isotopic compositions of the palaeofluids probably changed during deeper burial diagenesis, following the temperature development. 相似文献
16.
Stable isotopic compositions of Recent freshwater cyanobacterial carbonates from the British Isles: local and regional environmental controls 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Recent (<50 years old) freshwater cyanobacterial carbonates from diverse environments (streams, lakes, waterfalls) throughout Britain and Ireland were analysed for their stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions. The mean δ18O value of ?5–9‰ PDB for river and stream data represents calcite precipitation in equilibrium with the mean oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in central Britain (?7–5‰SMOW) assuming a mean water temperature of 9°C. The mean δ18O of lake data, ?4–5‰ PDB, is statistically different, reflecting the effects of residence time and/or variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall. Carbon isotopes have wide variations in both fluviatile and lake data sets (+ 3 to ?12‰ PDB). These variations are principally controlled in the fluviatile samples by contribution of isotopically light ‘soil zone’ carbon relative to isotopically heavier carbon from limestone aquifer rock dissolution. Lake samples have the heaviest carbon isotope values, reflecting a trend toward isotopic equilibrium between atmospheric CO2 and aqueous HCO?3. We infer that isotopic compositions of ancient cyanobacterial carbonates should also record environmental information, although the effects of stabilization and diagenesis on primary δ18O values will need careful consideration. Primary carbon isotope compositions should be well preserved, although in marine samples values will be buffered by the isotopic composition of aqueous marine bicarbonate. 相似文献
17.
Septarian concretions from the Oxford Clay (Jurassic, England, UK): involvement of original marine and multiple external pore fluids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Septarian concretions occur at several horizons within the Oxford Clay Formation, a marine mudstone containing pristine aragonite and immature biomarker molecules. They record the passage of at least four generations of pore fluids, the first of marine origin and the last still present in cavities. Concretion bodies formed, cracked, and calcite and pyrite precipitated in and around the cracks within the sulphate reduction zone, as demonstrated by C, O, S and Sr isotopic composition (Pore fluid 1). Before major compaction, sandstone dykes were intruded locally, and baryte precipitated, followed by coarse calcite cements with isotopically light oxygen and radiogenic strontium, indicating the introduction of meteoric-derived water (Pore fluid 2). Later, coarse celestine within concretions has distinct sulphur-isotopic composition and requires a further, geographically restricted, water source (Pore fluid 3). Celestine-bearing concretions contain water in tight cavities whose isotopic composition is close to that of modern precipitation. Its chemistry shows that it is equilibrating with pre-existing minerals implying a relatively recent origin (Pore fluid 4). The mineralogy of the Oxford Clay concretions shows that complex results can follow from a simple burial and uplift history, and that multiple generations of pore fluids can pass through a low-permeability clay. 相似文献
18.
J. Madhavaraju I. Kolosov D. Buhlak J.S. Armstrong-Altrin S. Ramasamy S.P. Mohan 《Gondwana Research》2004,7(2):519-529
The Albian-Danian limestones of Cauvery Basin show a wide range of d13C and d18O values (–13.2 to +1.1% and –9.0 to –2.5%, respectively). The cement samples show negative carbon and oxygen isotope values (–18.9 to –3.9% and –9.0 to –4.3%, respectively). The petrographic study reveals the presence of algae, molluscs, bryozoans, foraminifers and ostracods as major framework constituents. The limestones have microspar and equant sparry calcite cements. The pore spaces and vugs are filled with sparry calcite cement. The bivariate plot of d13C and d18O suggests that most of the samples fall in the freshwater limestone and meteoric field, while few samples fall in the marine limestone and soil calcite fields. The presence of sparry calcite cement, together with negative carbon and oxygen isotope values, indicates that these limestones have undergone meteoric diagenesis. 相似文献
19.
德国哈茨山St.Andreasberg热液矿床方解石巨晶的碳氧同位素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在德国哈茨山Ｓｔ．Ａｎｄｒｅａｓｂｅｒｇ热液Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ矿床的方解石脉中,发现了一个方解石巨晶。对该方解石三个不同方向上的Ｃ和Ｏ同位素分析发现,方解石晶体内部存在明显的Ｃ－Ｏ同位素环带。通过对方解石同位素环带的理论模拟,发现在方解石生长过程中,有三种流体参与了作用。它们分别为Ａ：温度约为６０℃的近地表流体,δ＾１３Ｃ＝－１８．５‰,δ＾１８Ｏ＝０‰;Ｂ：温度约为１４０℃的深源流体,δ＾１３Ｃ＝-7.0％O,δ＾１８Ｏ=+10.0％o;C：温度小于20℃。δ＾１８Ｏ≤％O ,δ＾１3C≥ 14.0％o的大气降水 作用过程有四个阶段：① 方解石在流体A中等温生长;② 流体B开始与流体A在封闭体系内均匀混合;③ 流体B缓慢注入的同时,发生了一次性流体C的快速不均匀混合;④ 流体B继续与A缓慢混合,混合体系开放。流体混合的发现,为认识St Andreasberg热液矿床的形成机制提供了颟的视野。 相似文献
20.
湖南柿竹园矿田柴山铅锌矿床的C、O同位素组成及其研究意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了柿竹园矿田柴山铅锌矿床早、晚期方解石的C、O同位素组成,并对C、O同位素组成之间明显的正相关关系进行了CO2去气、流体混合与水．岩反应的理论模拟。结果表明,该矿床方解石的形成主要是由成矿流体与围岩发生水-岩反应及温度降低造成的,另外大气降水的加入也起到一定的作用。成矿流体中的可溶性碳以H2CO3为主,早期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O值分别为-2．5‰＋4‰,晚期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O值分别为-1‰和＋6‰,并且在成矿过程中一直有中生代大气降水的加入。 相似文献