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1.
应用五点剩余曲线法对玉溪深井高精度地温日均值进行分析，在异常结束后两个月内对应３００ｋｍ内Ｍ≥６．７地震，且异常幅度与震级有较好的线性相关，显示出明显的临震前兆特征。 相似文献
2.
本简要介绍了枣庄地震动物试验的观测和研究概况，以鹦鹉鸣叫活动资料分析为例，探讨了试验区２００ｋｍ范围内，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震前所发生的异常活动。从而阐明利用动物出现的行为异常预报地震的可能性。 相似文献
3.
收集了总数达１３８００个由仪器记录的地震资料以研究全球地震活动性的地理和深度分布。根据这些地震,形成了４个完整的资料样本（Ｍ≥７．０,１８９４￣１９９２;Ｍ≥６．５,１９３０￣１９９２;Ｍ≥６．０,１９５３￣１９９２;Ｍ≥５．５,１９６６￣１９９２）,其中有１１１５１个浅源地震（ｈ≤６０ｋｍ）,２０８５个中深源地震（６１ｋ≤ｈ≤３００ｋｍ）,５６４个深源地震（３０１ｋｍ≤ｈ≤７２０ｋｍ）。计算了频 相似文献
4.
介绍了丽江７．０级地震裂度、地震地质及中、短、临预报简况。中、短期预报准确，短临预报向云南省政府打了招呼。重点讨论中短期预报中使用的主要地震学判据。指出丽江７．０级地震前，中甸一下关地震带６级地震时间间隔已达１９ａ，超过历史极限。该带北段１９８３－１９９３年１０ａ内无Ｍ≥５地震；震中周围形成一长约１５０ｋｍ空段，１９９０－１９９５年６ａ内震源区Ｍ≥３．５地震出现平静异常。总之，震源周围地区小震及中 相似文献
5.
1988年云南澜沧－耿马大地震前地震活动平静的统计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据大地震前包含异常活动时段的地震序列全过程可以看作是非齐次油松过程的理论，详细研究了１９８８年１１月澜沧－耿马大地震前（１９８０．１－１９８８．１０）澜沧到腾冲地区地震活动在时间和空间上的变化过程。结果表明：①１９８５年４月－１９８８年４月全区地震活动在空间上存在着明显的差异，其中澜沧向北延伸分别出现２１０ｋｍ的Ｍ≥３．５和１６０ｋｍ的Ｍ≥３．０的地震活动平静地段。因此，由南向北将全带划分为南区、中区、中′区、北区四个研究小区；②在包含主震和余震区的中区，主震前分别出现了持续时间长达４２个月（Ｍ≥３．５）和３２．５个月（中′区，Ｍ≥３．０）的异常地震活动平静，并在０．９９和０．９７的置信度水平上通过统计显著性检验；③与此同时，在南区却出现了长达４２个月（Ｍ≥３．５）的异常地震活动增强时段，其置信度可达０．９５。然而在北区，于１９８５年９月结束了长达５２个月的地震活动增强，置信度仅０．８５，显然它是受１９７６年龙陵地震余震活动的影响，因为该区正好包含龙陵地震的余震区。 相似文献
6.
通过对１９７０年以来太原盆地及其两侧区ＭＬ≥３．０地震的研究，发现在太原盆地北部，沿交城断裂，太谷断裂以及盆地两侧的４个隆起部位发生的ＭＬ≥３．０地震与华北地震区距大太原盆地６００ｋｍ范围内发生的Ｍｓ≥５．８地震有一定的联系。 相似文献
7.
利用了白家疃地磁台地磁月报和７日报中的Ｋ指数资料，将大于５的Ｋ指数全都折合成５的Ｋ指数。对磁暴扰动数Ｎ（Ｋ＝５的个数）和华北地区１９７３～１９９２年的ＭＬ≥５．０地震之间关系进行了统计分析，结果表明，磁暴具有大约１０年左右的活跃－平静－活跃的周期变化。在半周期中，从上升年到高值年或从下降年到低值年中最大震级有同量级成对出现的特征；取月磁暴扰动数Ｎ≥４０时为异常，异常后４个月内发生的地震占总地震数的６８％，有震异常占总异常的６１％；震级越大，异常越明显。分别对ＭＬ≥５．０，ＭＬ≥５．５，ＭＬ≥６．０和ＭＬ≥６．３（ＭＳ６．０）的地震进行统计，有异常的地震占相应震级地震数各为６１％、７５％、８９％和１００％。 相似文献
8.
分析研究６年的地热试验观测资料的结果表明，白家疃井地热异常信息丰富，地热异常与２００ｋｍ范围内，ＭＬ≥４．０地震，有较好的对应关系；１９８９年１０月１８日大同地震前地热动态有明显的中期，短期，临震异常显示。 相似文献
9.
对１９８８年１月至１９９３年２月发生在克拉玛依地区的小震（△≤１００ｋｍ，１．０≤ＭＬ＜４．０）做了固体潮小震调制比的研究。发现克拉玛依地区自１９８８年以来，３次ＭＬ≥４．３级地震前均出现了固体潮小震累积滑动调制比异常。说明固体潮引潮力对震源区的小地震具有触发调制作用。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
14.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
15.
O. Martins 《水文研究》1988,2(1):19-29
Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO3 > SO4 > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals. 相似文献
16.
Historical earthquakes noted in the written records of the South China region, including Hong Kong, are not well delineated along identified prominent fault sources. Despite the lack of any definitive, localised trend in the spatial distribution of seismic activity in the region, there does appear to be some major disparity in the seismic activity rates (especially for large magnitude earthquakes) between the near-field and the far-field regions of Hong Kong. Despite this observation, previous studies of the regional seismic activity and seismic ground motion hazard (the latter using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, PSHA) have considered very broad source zone regions, in which uniform levels of seismic activity have been assumed. The present paper further scrutinises this broad source zone (BSZ) approach by adopting a novel expanding circular disc (ECD) method to determine the rates of earthquake recurrence. Such a method is intended to counter-check previously developed models by determining earthquake scenario events in terms of magnitude–distance (M–R) pairs or combinations, having defined values of average return period. Unlike the BSZ approach, the ECD method specifically accounts for the supposed variations in the seismic activity rates between events in the near-field and the far-field of Hong Kong.The form of the developed method is particularly suited to the determination of design-level earthquake ground motions for bedrock sites, since it assumes a directionally-independent attenuation model as described in the companion paper. It is found that, whilst the BSZ approach may indicate the overall average levels of hazard that are representative of the South China region as a whole, it does not capture the large disparity in seismic activity rates between near-field and far-field events. This important feature is expected to have a significant impact upon engineering assessments of the seismic safety of structures in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the South China region. For example, it is found that for events with M≥6, the seismic activity rate (normalised by time and area) in the very far-field is around 3.5 times larger than in the near-field and medium-field of Hong Kong. The resulting design M-R combinations, covering a range of return periods from 70 to 2500 years, are limited, for very long return periods and for distant events, by the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) magnitude. Intensive research to determine this seismic hazard parameter is recommended, in order to refine further the results of the ECD analysis, which presently conservatively assumes the MCE to range between M=6 in the near-field of Hong Kong to M=8 in the very far-field, at distances greater than 280 km from Hong Kong. 相似文献
17.
Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hitoshi Hasegawa Hisao Ando Noriko Hasebe Niiden Ichinnorov Tohru Ohta Takashi Hasegawa Masanobu Yamamoto Gang Li Bat‐Orshikh Erdenetsogt Ulrich Heimhofer Takayuki Murata Hironori Shinya G. Enerel G. Oyunjargal O. Munkhtsetseg Noriyuki Suzuki Tomohisa Irino Koshi Yamamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales are widely distributed in southeastern Mongolia. Due to the high organic carbon content of oil shale, many geochemical studies and petroleum exploration have been conducted. Although most of the oil shales are considered to be Early Cretaceous in age, a recent study reveals that some were deposited in the Middle Jurassic. The present study aims at establishing depositional ages and characteristics of the Jurassic and Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Mongolia. The Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation is about 250 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale and dolomite. The Middle Jurassic Eedemt Formation is about 150 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale, dolomitic marl, and siltstone. The alternations of shale and dolomite in both formations were formed by lake level changes, reflecting precipitation changes. Shales were deposited in the center of a deep lake during highstand, while dolomites were formed by primary precipitation during lowstand. Based on the radiometric age dating, the Shinekhudag Formation was deposited between 123.8 ±2.0 Ma and 118.5 ±0.9 Ma of the early Aptian. The Eedemt Formation was deposited at around 165–158 Ma of Callovian–Oxfordian. The calculated sedimentation rate of the Shinekhudag Formation is between 4.7 ±2.6 cm/ky and 10.0 ±7.6 cm/ky. Shales in the Shinekhudag Formation show micrometer‐scale lamination, consisting of algal organic matter and detrital clay mineral couplets. Given the average thickness of micro‐laminae and calculated sedimentation rate, the micro‐lamination is most likely of varve origin. Both Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales were deposited in intracontinental basins in the paleo‐Asian continent. Tectonic processes and basin evolution basically controlled the deposition of these oil shales. In addition, enhanced precipitation under humid climate during the early Aptian and the Callovian–Oxfordian was another key factor inducing the widespread oil shale deposition in Mongolia. 相似文献
18.
A. C. LIAKOPOULOS Dr. Eng. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):69-110
ABSTRACT The one-dimensional transient downward entry of water in unsaturated soils is investigated theoretically. The mathematical equation describing the infiltration process is derived by combining Darcy's dynamic equation of motion with the continuity and thermodynamic state equations adjusted for the unsaturated flow conditions. The resulting equation together with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions constitues a mathematical initial boundary value problem requiring the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation of the parabolic type. The volumetric water content is taken as the dependent variable and the time and the position along the vertical direction are taken as the independent variables. The governing equation is of such nature that a solution exists for t > 0 and is uniquely determined if two relationships are defined, together with the specified state of the system, at the initial time t = 0 and at the two boundaries. The two required relations are those of pressure versus permeability and pressure versus volumetric water content. Since the partial differential equation has strong non-linear terms, a discrete solution is obtained by approximating the derivatives with finite-differences at discrete mesh points in the solution domain and integrated for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The use of an implicit difference scheme is employed in order to generate a system of simultaneous non-linear equations that has to be solved for each time increment. For n mesh points the two boundary conditions provide two equations and the repetition of the recurrence formula provides n—2 equations, the total being n equations for each time increment. The solution of the system is obtained by matrix inversion and particularly with a back-substitution technique. The FORTRAN statements used for obtaining the solution with an electronic digital computer (IBM 704) are presented together with the input data. Analysis of the errors involved in the numerical solution is made and the stability and convergence of the solution of the approximate difference equation to that of the differential equation is investigated. The method applied is that of making a Fourier series expansion of a whole line of errors and then following the progress of the general term of the series expansion and also the behavior of each constituent harmonic. The errors (forming a continuous function of points in an abstract Banach space) are represented by vectors with the Fourier coefficients constituting a second Banach space. The amplification factor of the difference equation is shown to be always less than unity which guarantees the stability of the employed implicit recurrence scheme. Experiments conducted on a vertical column packed uniformly with very fine sand, show a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained values. Many experimental results are shown in an attempt to explain the infiltration phenomenon with emphasis on the shape and movement of the wet front, and the effects of the degree of compaction, initial water content and deaired water on the infiltration rate. 相似文献
19.
Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20.
GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area. 相似文献