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1.
太湖磷转化细菌与水体磷形态关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
太湖水体中不同形态磷含量与磷转化细菌的关系研究结果显示:太湖水体中总磷和活性磷的含量分别为0.113mg,L和O.O11mg/L;无机磷和有机磷分解菌在底泥中达6.73x103cells/g,而在水体中仅为71cells/m1,且存在明显的时间和空间差异;根据菌落形态特征,分离筛选了3株有代表性的无机磷转化菌和7株占优势的有机磷分解菌.3tt无机磷转化菌经鉴定分别与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、假单孢菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)比较接近.而7株有机磷分解菌则分别与为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thurigiensts)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus SP.)、无芽孢杆菌(Bacterium sp.)、氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simples)接近;太湖水体中磷分解细菌主要归属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas),对细菌降解性能进行研究的结果显示:无机磷分解细菌对太湖水体活性磷的贡献显著大于有机磷分解细菌的贡献率. 相似文献
2.
Ingun Tryland Mette Myrmel Øyvin Østensvik Aina C. Wennberg Lucy J. Robertson 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
The effects of precipitation on the hygienic quality of water and blue mussels collected from five different localities in the urban areas in the Inner Oslofjord were investigated, with samples analysed for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., pathogenic Vibrio spp., Norovirus, Sapovirus, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. The sampling sites were located at varying distances from the outlet of combined sewer overflows (CSO)-impacted rivers/streams. In general, 1–3 log10 increases in fecal indicator bacteria and human pathogens were observed after heavy rainfalls. Blue mussels appeared to be a useful indicator of the impact of sewage at these sites, and generally a good correlation was identified between concentrations of E. coli and other human pathogens in the mussels. Provision of general advice to the public of avoiding areas near the outlets of CSO-impacted rivers after heavy rainfall may reduce the risk of gastroenteritis by bathers and others that may swallow water during recreational activities. 相似文献
3.
Libu&#x;e &#x;vorcov 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1985,13(2):163-174
In 392 samples from 14 balneological therapeutic pools and two swimming pools with untreated and chlorinated water of 15… 30 °C the following species were found in 72% of the samples (percentage of positive samples): Acanthamoeba polyphaga (10.5), A. castellani (3.7), Naegleria gruberi (5.9), N. lovaniensis (12.7), Vahlkampfia ustiniana (7.2), V. spec. (15.8), Hartmanella vermiformis and H. exudans (13.1), H. spec. (31.2). 47% of the positive findings grew also at 37 °C, 9% of them also at 44 °C. The average densities amounted to between 27 and 777 ind./l, the maxima were between 66 and more than 1000 ind./l. Neither heterotrophic bacteria nor amoebas could be detected in 25 samples, in the other samples a significant regression exists between the number of amoebas per litre A and the number of bacteria N/ml of the form lg A=0.47 × lg N + 1.22. Because of the danger of the occurrence of pathogenic amoebas, too, in the bathing pool waters, the analysis for amoebas is recommended to check the bathing water. As a temporary working level, the absence of amoebas in a sample of 100 ml is proposed. 相似文献
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Sabino R Veríssimo C Cunha MA Wergikoski B Ferreira FC Rodrigues R Parada H Falcão L Rosado L Pinheiro C Paixão E Brandão J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1506-1511
Whilst the potential impact on beach users from microorganisms in water has received considerable attention, there has been relatively little investigation into microbial contaminants in sand. Thirty three beaches across Portugal were analyzed during a five year period (2006-2010) to determine the presence of yeasts, pathogenic fungi, dermatophytes, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci in sand.Our results showed that 60.4% of the samples were positive for fungi and that 25.2% were positive for the bacterial parameters. The most frequent fungal species found were Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp., whereas intestinal enterococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Positive associations were detected among analyzed parameters and country-regions but none among those parameters and sampling period.Regarding threshold values, we propose 15 cfu/g for yeasts, 17 cfu/g for potential pathogenic fungi, 8 cfu/g for dermatophytes. Eighty four cfu/g for coliforms, 250 cfu/g for E. coli, and 100 cfu/g for intestinal enterococci. 相似文献
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从美人蕉(Canna indica)植物体内分离内生细菌.通过测定内生细菌产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、铁载体、固氮、溶磷能力筛选出3株内生细菌C01、C16、C20.本试验的目的为评价接种内生细菌能否促进美人蕉种子萌发和幼苗生长,并通过小型浮床水质净化试验,评价接种内生细菌后的美人蕉对水体中营养物质的去除效果.结果表明:C01、C16、C20促进了美人蕉种子的萌发、生长,C16试验组萌发率为83.3%,显著高于对照组31.1%; C16显著提高了植株的株高和根长,分别比对照组高出23.33%、40.44%.水质净化实验阶段,C16试验组总磷、总氮的去除率分别达到88.4%、96.9%,分别比对照组高出26.4%、15.6%.最终,C01、C16试验组生物量、根长都显著高于对照组.C16试验组植株体内可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白显著高于对照组317.3%、97.8%.经鉴定,C01为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens),C16为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.),C20为欧文氏菌(Erwinia sp.). 相似文献
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汉江上游是丹江口水库的水源区,其生态环境状况对保障汉江全流域及南水北调中线生态安全起着举足轻重的作用.本研究于2017年11月和2018年4月对汉江上游干流及源于秦岭南麓的5条典型支流开展了系统调查,旨在摸清汉江上游干支流的底栖动物群落特征,以及评价其水质状况.共采集到大型底栖动物240种,其中水生昆虫209种,软体动物13种,环节动物9种,其他类群9种.其中四节蜉Baetis sp.在各条河流中均为优势种,此外其他优势种还有拟细裳蜉Paraleptophlebia sp.、细蜉Caenis sp.、扁蜉Heptagenia sp.、花翅蜉Baetiella sp.、直突摇蚊Orthocladius sp.、纹石蛾Hydropsyche sp.、蜉蝣Ephemera sp.、带肋蜉Cincticostella sp.、高翔蜉Epeorus sp.、似波摇蚊Sympotthastia sp.和真开摇蚊Eukiefferiella sp..从各类群的密度来看,水生昆虫在汉江及五条支流中均占有绝对优势,占总密度的90.8%～98.9%,而在生物量上,除汉江干流中软体动物占绝对优势外,水生昆虫在各支流中均占绝对优势,占总生物量的47.0%～98.9%.就功能摄食类群的密度而言,直接收集者在汉江干支流中均为最主要功能摄食类群,而从生物量方面来看则表现出差异性,捕食者是金水河和旬河中最主要功能摄食类群,刮食者为汉江干流和月河中最主要功能摄食类群,直接收集者是金钱河中最主要功能摄食类群,滤食者为湑水河中最主要功能摄食类群.冗余分析结果表明,流速、总磷和电导率为影响汉江干支流底栖动物分布的关键环境因子.采用底栖动物生物指数(BI)和Shannon-Wiener指数进行水质生物评价,结果显示除汉江的极个别断面、湑水河和月河下游及旬河的中下游河段处于轻-中度污染状态外,其他调查河段均处于清洁状态.本研究结果可为汉江上游流域生态管理和科学保护提供依据. 相似文献
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2019年春、秋两季,对江西省76个湖泊的底栖动物进行了调查,在分析其群落结构和多样性的基础上,探讨了多样性与环境因子间的关系,旨在确定影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的重要环境因子,以期为江西省湖泊的精准化管理提供科学依据和技术支持。两次调查共检出140个分类单元,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,摇蚊类物种数占水生昆虫物种数的53.62%。富营养指示种(长足摇蚊属一种和摇蚊属一种)为春、秋两季的优势分类单元,湖沼典型种(长足摇蚊属一种、摇蚊属一种、石田螺属一种、苏氏尾鳃蚓和霍甫水丝蚓)的丰度变化导致了群落结构的季节变化。大型底栖无脊椎动物α多样性水平较低,基于PLSR和PLS-SEM的分析结果表明,影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性指标的环境因子既与藻类种群动态密切相关,也与水质状态有关。大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性与藻类种群状态存在稳定的联系,不受季节因素的影响,过高的藻类丰度不利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高,而较好的水质状况有利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高。为保护江西省湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物资源,应在具有渔业养殖功能的湖泊和城镇湖泊中进行水生植物的修复工作,使藻型湖泊向草型湖泊方向演化;对一... 相似文献
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Ballast water as a vector of coral pathogens in the Gulf of Mexico: the case of the Cayo Arcas coral reef 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aguirre-Macedo ML Vidal-Martinez VM Herrera-Silveira JA Valdés-Lozano DS Herrera-Rodríguez M Olvera-Novoa MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(9):1570-1577
The discharge of nutrients, phytoplankton and pathogenic bacteria through ballast water may threaten the Cayo Arcas reef system. To assess this threat, the quality of ballast water and presence of coral reef pathogenic bacteria in 30 oil tankers loaded at the PEMEX Cayo Arcas crude oil terminal were determined. The water transported in the ships originated from coastal, oceanic or riverine regions. Statistical associations among quality parameters and bacteria were tested using redundancy analysis (RDA). In contrast with coastal or oceanic water, the riverine water had high concentrations of coliforms, including Vibrio cholerae 01 and, Serratia marcescens and Sphingomona spp., which are frequently associated with “white pox” and “white plague type II” coral diseases. There were also high nutrient concentrations and low water quality index values (WQI and TRIX). The presence of V. cholerae 01 highlights the need for testing ballast water coming from endemic regions into Mexican ports. 相似文献
10.
The presence of pathogenic bacteria in water, along with the factors that act upon them, constitutes a field that has been little investigated in natural environments. It is clear, however, that these pathogens do have a significant effect on the quality of drinking water. Selected bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Listeria were searched for in groundwaters of mainly mountainous regions. Waters of one or two brooks in the catchment area of each spring were also analysed. Our results show that Campylo bacter and Listeria are frequent in all of these waters, even when land use in the catchment area is extensive (mountain pastures). Salmonella, on the other hand, was never found. Factors influencing the presence of Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Listeria were tested using Spearman rank correlations. The results suggest that the presence in water of some species of these bacteria (C. jejuni, L. monocytogenes 4b, and L. ivanovii) is related to a contaminant input, i.e. to the presence of cattle in the catchment area. For other species (C. coli, L. monocytogenes 1/2a, and Yersinia enterocolitica), however, one is forced to admit that no such connection between the presence of these species and that of an identified, potential contaminant input exists. We are therefore obliged to conclude either that these bacteria multiply in a natural way in the environment, or that they are able to survive in it for a long time. Finally, the present study shows that pathogenic bacteria are not always accompanied by indicators of faecal contamination (Escherichia coli, entero cocci); for this reason, they could potentially pose a risk to public health. 相似文献
11.
Testing Effluents of the Textile Refining Industry with Biological Methods The environmental problems caused by the manufacture of finished textiles involve a long chain of individual processes. This “textile chain” includes very diverse enterprises of varied size and structure. The textile refiners occupy a key position in the “textile chain”. On the one hand, this is due to their use of an obscurely large number of chemicals which can end up in the wastewater as well as in the textile products. On the other hand, this key role of the textile refining industry is based on their central position between the preproduction stage and the consumers. This study dealt with the textile refining industry's wastewater. As measured by volume and contents of its wastewater, this industry can be counted among the major industrial plants which discharge into municipal wastewater treatment plants. German wastewater legislation includes the provision that substances which are toxic, persistent, capable of accumulating, carcinogenic, fetotoxic or mutagenic be kept out of natural waters as well as technically possible (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz WHG). Several biotest methods for examining the effect of the substances contained in the wastewater were incorporated into the appendix of the German wastewater regulation (Rahmenabwasser-Verwaltungsvorschrift based on § 7a WHG). The aim of this study was to show, with the aid of biotest methods, how strongly the wastewater of textile refining companies is polluted as compared to other known industrial branches and to what degree the pollution of these wastewaters is eliminated by the treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Finally, we experimented to find out which biotest methods were suited for the examination of these wastewaters. The study's results show that the ecotoxicity of the textile refining industry's wastewater was only extraordinary high in isolated cases as compared to other examined branches of industry. The textile wastewaters exhibit values of GL = 3 to GL = 96 in the luminescent bacteria test, GD = 1 to GD = 192 (with one exception of GD > 30000) in the daphnia test and GF < = 2 to GF = 32 in the fish test. It turned out though, that a large number of the samples from the textile refining companies (27%) reacted mutagenically in the Ames test in their native state. Consecutive tests for chromosomal aberrations (V79 hamster cell test) also showed mutagenic potential in five out of nine native samples. The employed testing methods with fish, daphnia and luminescent bacteria demonstrate a higher sensitivity of the luminescent bacteria and/or the daphnia as opposed to the fish in most cases. As the fish test is controversial anyway on the grounds of animal protection, a replacement of the fish test by these other tests should be aimed at: on account of the different end points of the luminescent bacteria and the daphnia test, a combination of these tests appears most sensible. 相似文献
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Chuan Zhao Thorsten Brinkhoff Malte Burchardt Meinhard Simon Gunther Wittstock 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):305-315
Adhesion of two marine bacteria Shewanella sp. strain T1 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain T8, on differently terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold was investigated. The selected
model surfaces—terminated by CH3, OH, NH2, COOH, OH-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol), and methyl-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)—are characterized by contact angle
measurement using water, methylene iodide, 1-bromonaphthalene, and formamide. Surface free energies were calculated. Cell
counting of the two bacterial strains on the model surfaces after different times revealed differences between the two strains
by at least one order of magnitude. For the different surfaces, the bacteria showed comparably small selectivity. Atomic force
microscopy images of adhered bacteria showed very different fingerprints on the different surfaces.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
Gellrt Gligor Tams Szolnoky Milana Dra&#x;kovi&#x; Nenad &#x;uri&#x; Zdravko Hojka Jelena Bo&#x;kovi&#x; Milena
ua 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(10)
Anaerobically stabilized sludge from wastewater treatment is always a challenge from the environmental aspect of management. The agrarian environmental surroundings present a possibility for swift and efficient utilization of compost from anaerobically stabilized sludge in order to increase the quality of the biological product. With intensification of the composting procedure by means of the microbiological consortium Geocell‐1 (Cellvibrio sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens with the addition of micro‐ and macro‐elements), the results show that the compost obtained from stabilized sludge after inoculation is significantly improved in terms of moisture reduction (39–43%), while in the control compost, this value is significantly higher with 61%. The results of the pathogenic effect show a significant reduction in the number of fecal coliform (<1 × 103) and Enterococcus bacteria (<1 × 104) in the inoculated (treated) compost. With a slight decrease in the concentration of limiting factors such as As, Cd, Cu, a quality biological product can be achieved, which can be safely deposited on soil. The phytotoxicological germination test with white mustard (Sinapis alba) shows a higher number of sprouting plants with a mixture of treated compost and standard soil for flowers 1:1 and 1:4 compared to the control group. 相似文献
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W. Stelzer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1985,13(2):207-215
From river water there were isolated 21 species (mainly coliform bacteria) in 914 strains. Of the pure cultures of coliform bacteria (E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter) 74.1 % of E. coli and 23.2 % of the Klebsiella strains showed lactose decomposition with gas formation at 44 °C. More than 90 % of the isolated Klebsiella did not form indole. Therefore, the temperature test and the indole formation (at 44 °C) (TI-test) made a very specific detection of E. coli in water possible. 94.7 % of the cultures grown initially on endoagar after a positive TI-test proved to be E. coli. The detection of E. coli showed a very good agreement with the standard method and the TI-test, the detection with the standard method being considerably dependent on the number of checked coliform colonies. 相似文献
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2006年4月至2007年3月对长江支流清江二级支流———胡家溪的大型底栖动物群落结构和生产量进行为期一周年的调查和研究.结果表明,主要蜉蝣优势种小裳蜉(Leptophlebia sp.)、扁蜉(Electrogena sp.)、四节蜉(Indobaetis sp.)的生活史为一年三代,细蜉(Caenis sp.)为一年两代;小裳蜉的年均密度和年均生物量分别为407 ind./m2、1.00 g/m2;扁蜉为150 ind./m2、0.37 g/m2,四节蜉为232 ind./m2、0.30 g/m2,细蜉为91 ind./m2、0.17 g/m2.采用龄期频率法测算的周年生产量和P/B分别为:小裳蜉为441.42 g/m2(WW),14.3;扁蜉为434.88 g/m2(WW),7.6;四节蜉为747.21 g/m2(WW),15.0;细蜉为40.52 g/m2(WW),7.2.四种蜉蝣生产量的时间重叠比例相似系数较高,均大于0.55,这可能与四种蜉蝣的生境及食物资源较为相似有关. 相似文献
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浮游动物牧食、水温及营养可利用性均可影响优势浮游植物功能群的转变,但这些驱动因素的交互作用尚不清楚。为了解云南高原湖泊——洱海浮游植物优势功能群的分布特征及其主要驱动因素,于2018年1月2020年12月进行月度采样,结合聚类分析、方差分析和冗余分析等,分析驱动浮游植物优势功能群转变的主要因素。结果表明,共鉴定浮游植物7门96属,划分为27个浮游植物功能群,其中优势功能群有15个。聚类分析结果表明,根据浮游植物功能群密度数据可将优势功能群转变过程分为3个由不同类型藻类主导的时期（S期、M期和P期）,其中S期（为期18个月）以功能群S1和H1（代表藻为假鱼腥藻、浮丝藻和长孢藻等丝状蓝藻）为主,M期（为期10个月）以功能群M（微囊藻群体）为主,P期（为期8个月）以功能群P和M（脆杆藻和单个微囊藻等）为主。RDA分析及变差分解分析结果表明,卡尔森营养状态指数（TSI）（主要是总磷）是影响以丝状藻类为主的浮游植物功能群的主要驱动因素,TSI和水温是影响以微囊藻为主的浮游植物功能群的重要驱动因素。因此,在富营养化初期湖泊中,降低湖泊营养负荷是首要任务。同时可以考虑增加浮游动物丰度的策略,以增强浮... 相似文献
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Aziz Ghaderpour Khairul Nazrin Mohd Nasori Li Lee Chew Ving Ching Chong Kwai Lin Thong Lay Ching Chai 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
The deltaic estuarine system of the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve of Malaysia is a site where several human settlements and brackish water aquaculture have been established. Here, we evaluated the level of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the surface water and sediments. Higher levels of FIB were detected at downstream sampling sites from the fishing village, indicating it as a possible source of anthropogenic pollution to the estuary. Enterococci levels in the estuarine sediments were higher than in the surface water, while total coliforms and E. coli in the estuarine sediments were not detected in all samples. Also, various types of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated. The results indicate that the Matang estuarine system is contaminated with various types of potential human bacterial pathogens which might pose a health risk to the public. 相似文献
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The seasonal variation in the occurrence of water-borne hyphomycetes in the two streams, viz. Kempu Hole and Kumaradhara, was investigated during 1983 and 1984. The fungi were isolated by using the four methods, viz. leaf litter analysis, water filtration and analysis of natural and induced foam. Thirty-six species of hyphomycetes in Kempu Hole and twenty species in Kumaradhara were recorded. Lunulospora curvula and Triscelophorus monosporus were observed in high frequency in all seasons in both the streams. The organisms like Dactylella aquatica, Camposporium pellucidum, Clavatospora filiformis, Dactylella oviparasitica, Flabellospora crassa, Tetracladium marchalianum, Tetraploa sp., Tetraploa aristata, Alatospora acuminata, Condylospora spumigena, Helicosporium sp. 1, Helicosporium sp. 2, Diplocladiella scalaroides, Phalangispora constricta and Isthmotricladia laeensis were found to occur with a very low frequency. In both the streams a maximum number of organisms were collected following the periods of heavy rains. The temperature and pH of stream water do not seem to affect the occurrence of hyphomycetes in streams of this region. On the other hand, the availability of substrates and the oxygen concentration of stream water seem to influence the occurrence of these fungi. 相似文献