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1.
基于局部聚类的网络Voronoi图生成方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
提出一种将网络约束下的Voronoi和空间聚类相结合的方法,通过构造局部的聚类分析方法对网络边进行加权,根据实际的点过程性质可以把权重定义为加权或者乘权,进行标准化后与道路段本身长度融合进行计算,依此生成网络Voronoi图,以期理解城市街道的空间特性。以武汉市江汉区为例,对城市网格管理系统产生的城市事件进行算法验证,结果表明,该方法提供了一种灵活的网络约束下的服务区域划分工具,可用于基于网络空间点过程影响下的服务区划分,也可用于系统性地定量刻画城市管理的动态特性。 相似文献
2.
Yikang Rui Zaigui Yang Tianlu Qian Shoaib Khalid Nan Xia 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(2):186-199
The distribution of many geographical objects and events is affected by the road network; thus, network-constrained point pattern analysis methods are helpful to understand their space structures and distribution patterns. In this study, network kernel density estimation and network K-function are used to study retail service hot-spot areas and the spatial clustering patterns of a local retail giant (Suguo), respectively, in Nanjing city. Stores and roads are categorized to investigate the influence of weighting different categories of point events and network on the analysis. In addition, the competitive relation between Suguo and foreign-brand retail chains was revealed. The comprehensive analysis results derived from the combination of the first-order and second-order properties can be further used to examine the reasonability of the existing store distribution and optimize the locational choice of new stores. 相似文献
3.
Qiliang Liu Zhihui Wu Wenkai Liu Yaolin Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):1903-1929
ABSTRACT Urban black holes and volcanoes are typical traffic anomalies that are useful for optimizing urban planning and maintaining public safety. It is still challenging to detect arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes considering the network constraints with less prior knowledge. This study models urban black holes and volcanoes as bivariate spatial clusters and develops a network-constrained bivariate clustering method for detecting statistically significant urban black holes and volcanoes with irregular shapes. First, an edge-expansion strategy is proposed to construct the network-constrained neighborhoods without the time-consuming calculation of the network distance between each pair of objects. Then, a network-constrained spatial scan statistic is constructed to detect urban black holes and volcanoes, and a multidirectional optimization method is developed to identify arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes. Finally, the statistical significance of multiscale urban black holes and volcanoes is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method is compared with three state-of-the-art methods using both simulated data and Beijing taxicab spatial trajectory data. The comparison shows that the proposed method can detect urban black holes and volcanoes more accurately and completely and is useful for detecting spatiotemporal variations of traffic anomalies. 相似文献
4.
Spatial co-location pattern mining of facility points-of-interest improved by network neighborhood and distance decay effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenhao Yu Tinghua Ai Yakun He Shiwei Shao 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(2):280-296
The aim of mining spatial co-location patterns is to find the corresponding subsets of spatial features that have strong spatial correlation in the real world. This is an important technology for the extraction and comprehension of implicit knowledge in large spatial databases. However, existing methods of co-location mining consider events as taking place in a homogeneous and isotropic context in Euclidean space, whereas the physical movement in an urban space is usually constrained by a road network. Furthermore, previous works do not take the ‘distance decay effect’ of spatial interactions into account, which may reduce the effectiveness of the result. Here we propose an improved spatial co-location pattern mining method, including the network-constrained neighborhood and addition of a distance-decay function, to find the spatial dependence between network phenomena (e.g. urban facilities). The underlying idea is to utilize a model function in the interest measure calculation to weight the contribution of a co-location to the overall interest measure instance inversely proportional to the separation distance. Our approach was evaluated through extensive experiments using facility points-of-interest data sets. The results show that the network-constrained approach is a more effective method than the traditional one in network-structured space. The proposed approach can also be applied to other human activities (e.g. traffic accidents) constrained by a street network. 相似文献
5.
网络约束点格局分析研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着信息通信技术高速发展,地理相关大数据使得传统的空间分析面临着机遇与挑战。平面空间分析方法在分析网络空间点要素空间过程、揭示其空间分布时的弊端日益凸显,由此对探索网络约束点要素特定的分析方法的关注度不断提高。本文定义了网络约束的思想,详细阐述了网络约束点格局分析方法体系,并分别从网络约束点格局的理论和应用出发,梳理了网络约束点格局分析的一阶方法、二阶方法及其他方法上的研究进展,总结了网络约束点格局分析在交通安全领域、犯罪学领域和其他城市点要素中的典型应用,最后在方法与应用层面,讨论近年重要的研究动向及未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
6.
Qiliang Liu Wenkai Liu Min Deng Yaolin Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(9):1718-1738
The discovery of spatial clusters formed by proximal spatial units with similar non-spatial attribute values plays an important role in spatial data analysis. Although several spatial contiguity-constrained clustering methods are currently available, almost all of them discover clusters in a geographical dataset, even though the dataset has no natural clustering structure. Statistically evaluating the significance of the degree of homogeneity within a single spatial cluster is difficult. To overcome this limitation, this study develops a permutation test approach Specifically, the homogeneity of a spatial cluster is measured based on the local variance and cluster member permutation, and two-stage permutation tests are developed to determine the significance of the degree of homogeneity within each spatial cluster. The proposed permutation tests can be integrated into the existing spatial clustering algorithms to detect homogeneous spatial clusters. The proposed tests are compared with four existing tests (i.e., Park’s test, the contiguity-constrained nonparametric analysis of variance (COCOPAN) method, spatial scan statistic, and q-statistic) using two simulated and two meteorological datasets. The comparison shows that the proposed two-stage permutation tests are more effective to identify homogeneous spatial clusters and to determine homogeneous clustering structures in practical applications. 相似文献
7.
Ultrametric inter-object distances found by hierarchical clustering may be used to generate an appropriateconstellation of points in a plane.A configuration of points which reproduce the ultrametric distancesin a low-dimensional space as closely as possible can be found by Torgerson's method of multidimensionalscaling.The resulting display supports the cognition of clusters very well,and for this purpose it seemsto be superior to,for instance,the frequently applied principal components display.In certain sitt,ationsdedrograms are expected to become simpler to interpret when such complementary 'cluster display' is alsoconsulted.An example from analytical chemistry is presented. 相似文献
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认知资源要素在地表人文活动中的空间交互性对地理学研究具有重要意义。本文基于人文-经济地理学相关理论,从“单资源-复合资源-资源网络”多尺度视角出发,初步构建了医疗健康资源空间交互研究的基本理论框架,利用2012年和2020年百度地图POI数据,综合运用Ripley's K函数、格网熵指数、协同区位商以及社会网络分析等定量方法,从集聚交互、功能交互和网络交互3个方面研究郑州市医疗健康资源空间交互及其网络演化特征。结果表明：① 从集聚交互上看,各类医疗健康资源在数量和增速上扩张明显,同时呈现出显著集聚特征且集聚程度逐步增强,相对而言,更具综合性的医院健康资源的集聚程度最高;多距离下各类医疗健康资源集聚规模差异在不断缩小,集聚交互向良性方向发展。② 从功能交互上看,医疗健康资源的功能主导类型逐渐复杂,交互复合性逐步增强。医疗健康资源功能交互空间格局经历了主导类型由“单功能为主、多功能兼容”向“多功能为主、单功能为辅”转变,由点状格局到连片发展的蔓延模式与空间跳跃的飞地模式并存的转变特征。③ 从网络交互上看,医疗健康资源网络密度基本保持稳定,网络联系性质演化特征明显。诊疗与医药健康资源始终处于强联系的地位,存在集聚促进机制;理疗健康资源在关联网络中联系强度逐步提高,网络地位有所上升;而医院健康资源以其独有的规模大、高品质和综合性等特征在网络体系中具有较强独立性。 相似文献
9.
武汉城市圈城乡道路网的空间结构复杂性 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以武汉城市圈为研究区,借助ArcGIS9.3、Pajek2.7和SPSS16.0等软件,从节点重要性、可达性、集聚性3个方面定量揭示了复杂城乡道路网的空间异质性:①高度节点重要性呈幂律分布,表现出无标度性,低度节点重要性则基本呈钟型泊松分布,呈现一定的随机性,导致整个圈域节点的重要性分布曲线既不遵循钟型泊松分布也不遵循幂律分布,出现"涌现"性;节点度值空间分布较均匀,呈现点状特征和弱集聚性,具有明显间断性和跳跃性,表现出一定的"中心-边缘"和"等级圈层"的复合结构;②节点的可达性主要由网络平均路径长度、紧密度和介数指标表达,其中道路网平均路径长度较大,节点交通联系呈线状组织,遵循距离衰减律,成等级圈层分异,但受快速干道影响明显,空间收敛减慢,发生"摄动"变形,形成两条以南北京珠高速和东西宜黄高速为轴的城市交通走廊;节点的紧密度系数较随机网络小,但高紧密度节点在空间分布上较为集中,呈现出一定的"中心-边缘"空间格局;节点的介数指标相对较高,呈现指数分布,空间分布较均匀,但仍呈现出一定的"等级圈层"分异;③网络的集聚性空间差异显著,形成多个大型网络社团,网络的聚类系数近似为零,局部呈现耦合性质,高聚类系数节点集聚成"半月形"展布,低聚类系数节点分布较为离散。 相似文献
10.
Julian Hagenauer Marco Helbich 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):2026-2042
Spatial sciences are confronted with increasing amounts of high-dimensional data. These data commonly exhibit spatial and temporal dimensions. To explore, extract, and generalize inherent patterns in large spatiotemporal data sets, clustering algorithms are indispensable. These clustering algorithms must account for the distinct special properties of space and time to outline meaningful clusters in such data sets. Therefore, this research develops a hierarchical method based on self-organizing maps. The hierarchical architecture permits independent modeling of spatial and temporal dependence. To exemplify the utility of the method, this research uses an artificial data set and a socio-economic data set of the Ostregion, Austria, from the years 1961 to 2001. The results for the artificial data set demonstrate that the proposed method produces meaningful clusters that cannot be achieved when disregarding differences in spatial and temporal dependence. The results for the socio-economic data set show that the proposed method is an effective and powerful tool for analyzing spatiotemporal patterns in a regional context. 相似文献
11.
COVID-19疫情不断蔓延为国际政治、外交关系等带来深刻影响。目前基于复杂网络方法的国际关系研究较少考虑节点的空间属性,难以探索国际关系的动态演化模式及其空间分布特征。该文提出一种结合时间序列聚类与空间统计的国家关系交互网络演化模式探测方法。基于2020年1月-2021年3月的GDELT数据构建国家关系交互网络,基于节点的演化特征,应用K-means聚类算法将节点划分为6种类型,结合局部连接统计方法分析节点演化模式的空间分布特征。研究表明:面对疫情冲击,各国为控制疫情蔓延倾向于参与合作交互事件;国家关系交互网络中的不同时序演化模式总体按照节点的点度中心性强度由高到低分布;疫情防控期间网络中始终处于边缘地位的节点在空间分布上呈现聚集特征,而核心节点空间分布较分散。通过研究网络节点的时序演化模式及空间分布特征可为公共卫生危机事件期间国际关系与地缘政治研究提供新思路,对于危机事件期间制定外交政策与应对策略具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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13.
构建联系而完整的遗产地空间体系是文化遗产保护利用的国际共识和国内实践需求,但既有研究主要聚焦线性文化遗产。鉴于此,针对聚落型文化遗产,结合研究的网络化转向,提出遗产网络空间组织模式及其构建路径和方法;以陕西省汉唐帝陵群为例,构建帝陵间交通和旅游网络关系矩阵,综合运用中心度指标、捷夫模式、凝聚子群分析、加权核密度估计、引力模型等方法,识别帝陵网络节点、集群、轴线,形成“点—群—轴—网”空间结构。结果表明:1)汉唐帝陵网络节点分3个层级,其中7个一级节点与杜陵、桥陵、乾陵3个二级节点构成网络的核心节点。节点中心性主要受其结构位置影响,与其旅游利用程度也有关联。2)汉唐帝陵网络中存在3大派系、7个小团体以及基于此划分的乾县—礼泉—泾阳唐陵、泾阳—三原—富平唐陵、蒲城唐陵、咸阳原帝陵、西安东南台塬汉陵5大集群和汉云陵、汉太上皇陵、唐光陵3个相对孤立的节点。3)汉唐帝陵网络的轴线为“一弧、一纵、两横”,分两主两次,连接核心节点和集群,形成“十点辐射引领、五群协调发展、四轴串联带动”的整合保护空间网络结构。 相似文献
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物流活动及其空间组织是经济地理和交通地理共同的研究话题。本文基于汽车物流企业数据，选取137家典型汽车物流企业为研究样本，运用城市网络研究方法，分析了中国汽车物流组织网络的等级结构、空间分异和空间联系特征，并进一步应用回归模型，探讨汽车物流企业在区域尺度的空间分布及区位选址的影响因素。研究结果表明：区域尺度的中国城市汽车物流组织网络存在明显的金字塔型等级结构，可将其划分为全国性、区域性、次区域性、地方性枢纽城市和普通型城市五个等级；各节点城市组织能力空间分布不均，非均衡化发展特征明显，形成由东部沿海3个核心区和中西部2个高值区所构成的“3+2”空间分布格局；节点城市间基本形成以上海为核心，广州、北京、重庆、武汉城市间联系为骨干链条的密集联系网络，其核心网络结构与中国沿海经济带和长江经济带构成的“T”字型空间结构相吻合，网络联系呈现出从东部沿海向中西部地区递减、由城市群向周边地区递减的趋势。通过回归分析发现，城市经济发展水平、汽车物流市场需求和交通基础设施是影响区域尺度的中国汽车物流组织网络布局的重要因素。 相似文献
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以长沙市为研究对象,基于兴趣点（POI）数据,运用标准差椭圆分析、Getis-Ord Gi*指数等方法识别长沙市商务办公空间结构,并借助地理加权回归分析方法探究城市空间因子对商务办公空间格局影响的空间异质性特征。结果表明：1）长沙市商务办公空间已形成“多中心”的集聚形态,呈现“一主一副两带多组团”结构,形成以湘江以东的芙蓉广场为主中心,以长沙火车站为副中心的中央商务区,湘江以西暂未形成副商务区。2）商务办公空间集聚的主导影响因素是商业空间中的购物服务、酒店等;交通条件次之,平均影响程度依次为：公交＞主干道＞对外交通＞地铁;休闲、居住职能空间中除公园绿地的正向推动作用仅次于主干道外,其余因素均较弱,其中风景名胜和住宅区的整体抑制作用明显。3）各因素总体表征为“中心―外围”的圈层影响模式,商业空间、主干道、地铁、公园绿地在中心圈层推动作用较大,影响强度与距中心的距离成反比;在外围圈层受住宅区、公交吸引形成商务办公空间集聚组团。 相似文献
16.
Ci Song Ting Ma Yunyan Du Hua Shu Sihui Guo 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):134-154
An origin-destination (OD) flow can be defined as the movement of objects between two locations. These movements must be determined for a range of purposes, and strong interactions can be visually represented via clustering of OD flows. Identification of such clusters may be useful in urban planning, traffic planning and logistics management research. However, few methods can identify arbitrarily shaped flow clusters. Here, we present a spatial scan statistical approach based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters of OD flows (AntScan_flow). In this study, an OD flow cluster is defined as a regional pair with significant log likelihood ratio (LLR), and the ACO is employed to detect the clusters with maximum LLRs in the search space. Simulation experiments based on AntScan_flow and SaTScan_flow show that AntScan_flow yields better performance based on accuracy but requires a large computational demand. Finally, a case study of the morning commuting flows of Beijing residents was conducted. The AntScan_flow results show that the regions associated with moderate- and long-distance commuting OD flow clusters are highly consistent with subway lines and highways in the city. Additionally, the regions of short-distance commuting OD flow clusters are more likely to exhibit ‘residential-area to work-area’ patterns. 相似文献
17.
基于Ripley’s K函数的南京市ATM网点空间分布模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用Ripley’s K函数的相关理论,以南京市ATM网点为研究对象,分别从平面与网络空间两种视角,在中心城区范围与主城区范围两种空间尺度上,通过单变量
18.
ABSTRACTThe density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method is often used to identify individual activity clusters (i.e., zones) using digital footprints captured from social networks. However, DBSCAN is sensitive to the two parameters, eps and minpts. This paper introduces an improved density-based clustering algorithm, Multi-Scaled DBSCAN (M-DBSCAN), to mitigate the detection uncertainty of clusters produced by DBSCAN at different scales of density and cluster size. M-DBSCAN iteratively calibrates suitable local eps and minpts values instead of using one global parameter setting as DBSCAN for detecting clusters of varying densities, and proves to be effective for detecting potential activity zones. Besides, M-DBSCAN can significantly reduce the noise ratio by identifying all points capturing the activities performed in each zone. Using the historic geo-tagged tweets of users in Washington, D.C. and in Madison, Wisconsin, the results reveal that: 1) M-DBSCAN can capture dispersed clusters with low density of points, and therefore detecting more activity zones for each user; 2) A value of 40 m or higher should be used for eps to reduce the possibility of collapsing distinctive activity zones; and 3) A value between 200 and 300 m is recommended for eps while using DBSCAN for detecting activity zones. 相似文献
19.
以河南省126个县域(市区)为研究单元,运用2014年银行业的12 369个网点数据,借鉴连锁型网络模型,运用复杂网络分析工具和空间分析软件对河南省金融网络进行综合测度与结构分析。研究发现:1从金融连接度看,郑州是河南省的金融核心,洛阳是次金融核心;2金融核心具有较高的金融联系度和较强的对外金融联系,同时银行网点在空间上的布局并不完全遵循传统地理空间的行政等级制度;3在实体基础设施网络和银行网点虚拟网络共同作用下,河南省金融网络表现出了等级化和网络化的双重特征;4金融网络中,郑州—洛阳的金融连接度最高,金融连接度存在着一定程度的极化现象,并在空间上呈现出"一体两翼"的格局,且豫北的金融聚集现象较豫南明显;5河南省金融网络拓扑结构图具有较大的集聚系数和较小的平均最短路径,同时度分布在对数坐标中呈现幂律分布,说明整个网络同时具有复杂网络中的小世界网络和无标度网络结构特征。 相似文献
20.
以中国大陆居民赴“一带一路”沿线国家旅游安全感知事件为例，搜集2013—2018年我国大陆居民赴“一带一路”沿线国家旅游游记，从网络关系视角出发，分析并刻画其旅游安全感知事件的时空网络结构特征。研究发现：（1）中国公民赴“一带一路”沿线国家旅游安全感知事件分布存在集聚特征，在年尺度上表现出固化性；（2）从区域和国家层面分析得出旅游安全感知事件呈现出稳中渐变特征，如区域层面来说，西亚是旅游安全感知事件重灾区，而中亚是旅游安全感知事件的相对沉寂区；（3）各类旅游安全感知事件的空间分布同质性与异质性并存。 相似文献