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盐湖沉积具有成盐多期性和长期性、沉积连续性、淡化-咸化周期性等特色,因而成为在恢复古气候环境、进行全球变化研究的重要研究对象之一。本文以我国东部独具特色的古近纪古盐湖盆地--江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐韵律为例,通过对王平1等3口井连续取心段的精细研究,在前人划分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级盐韵律的基础上,首次划分出组成含盐层系基础韵律单元--Ⅳ级盐韵律,弄清了其沉积过程基本遵循从盐岩→（含泥）钙芒硝岩→含云泥岩（含泥云岩）→泥岩→白云岩→钙芒硝岩→盐岩的淡化-咸化序列和盐类矿物的析出顺序;解析了Ⅳ级盐韵律及其沉积组合记录与水体古盐度波动和短尺度（0.05ka -1.0ka）古气候干-湿变化之间的对应关系。根据典型暖相盐类矿物原生钙芒硝及其薄层在潜江组中广泛发育,可以推断江汉盆地流域在晚始新世-早渐新世潜江组沉积期间,所出现的干旱古气候背景属于暖旱型而非寒旱型。 相似文献
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淮安含盐盆地是一套陆相蒸发岩原生矿床。含盐系位于上白垩统浦口组第二段,分上盐、淡化和下盐三个亚段。从现阶段开发及技术政策来看,上盐亚段第三岩性组合宜作为勘探开发的目的层,含盐群率67％,NaCl品位约50％,倾角10°左右,埋深630～900m。含盐系中21个盐群分别被5～8m的含盐钙芒硝岩、含盐泥岩、钙芒硝质泥岩、粉砂岩所隔开。盐群一般厚14m左右,最大厚度64m。盐群由含盐钙芒硝岩及石盐岩薄层 相似文献
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洪泽凹陷赵集次凹阜宁组四段盐岩沉积特征及成因 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
洪泽凹陷赵集次凹阜宁组四段含盐系划分为五段:盐上膏盐亚段、上盐亚段、中淡化亚段、下盐亚段和盐下膏盐亚段.盐岩形成期赵集次凹处于四面环山的"高山深盆"环境,东部淮安凸起上巨厚的上白垩统浦口组含盐系地层遭受风化淋滤剥蚀,再加上金湖凹陷的海水经西南部的缺口不时地侵入,为湖区补充盐类物质,由于当时气候干旱炎热,湖水经蒸发、浓缩、沉淀,形成厚度巨大的盐层.含盐系地层平面分布具有环带状特点,中心为石盐相沉积,向外依次为硫酸盐相、碳酸盐相、碎屑岩相带沉积. 相似文献
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潜江凹陷古近系潜江组盐间泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
咸化湖盆盐间泥岩的地球化学特征对咸化烃源岩的形成环境及其共生盐岩的形成条件具有重要指示意义。利用江汉盆地潜江凹陷内潜三下段盐间泥岩的详细地球化学测试结果,并结合岩芯观察,分析了古近系潜江组沉积时湖盆的古盐度、氧化还原环境及古气候背景。该地层较高的Sr丰度、Sr/Ba值及钙芒硝的存在揭示潜江组泥岩沉积时水体盐度较高;氧化还原环境指标及一些敏感元素的含量变化指示潜江组沉积时期水体含氧量较低,处于底层水体中等分层厌氧环境;主量元素化学蚀变指数CIA、Mg/Ca比值及对膏盐层岩芯观察反映潜三下段泥岩沉积于气候相对潮湿期段,而膏盐层则沉积于气候相对干旱期。这种泥岩与膏岩互层出现的变化可能是由我国晚始新世频繁的气候变化导致的。而且,由气候干湿波动造成的淡化-咸化成盐序列,伴随着生物短期的爆发与死亡,将有利于有机质的生成与堆积;潮湿、缺氧的沉积环境有利于有机质的保存,整体上盐间泥岩具备形成较好烃源岩的条件。 相似文献
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江陵凹陷南缘盐井-申津渡凹地的早始新世新沟嘴组发育一套钙芒硝-石盐的蒸发岩系地层。岩相学和矿物学证据显示,含盐系地层的主要盐类矿物包括石盐、钙芒硝、硬石膏,形成于常年性的盐湖环境中。钙芒硝为原生-准同生的盐类矿物。根据盐类矿物的类型和沉积特征以及典型暖相盐类矿物(原生钙芒硝)的广泛发育,推断出盐井-申津渡凹地在新沟嘴组沉积时期的古气候为暖型。钙芒硝δ~(34)S组成为25‰~33‰,高于同时期海水硫同位素(17‰~19‰),可能经受过细菌改造。除此之外,晚古新世-早始新世时,盐井-申津渡凹地的硫酸盐物质也有可能来源于西部较老时期的含硫酸盐地层。 相似文献
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为了查明洪泽凹陷赵集次凹阜四段盐岩成因,利用录井、测井、古生物和地球化学资料,对苏北盆地洪泽凹陷赵集次凹古新统阜宁组四段(E1f4)的盐岩沉积特征进行了分析,发现阜四段含盐系地层主要发育石盐岩,硫酸盐岩次之,还有少量碳酸盐岩。石盐岩单层厚度大,纯度高,横向分布稳定。对比研究认为赵集次凹E1f4盐岩应为淮安凸起上白垩统浦口组(K2p)盐岩经溶解搬运至洪泽凹陷赵集次凹深水湖盆中,使盐度过饱和后再沉积成因。赵集次凹E1f4比淮安凸起K2p石盐岩矿层纯度高;盐岩洁净、盐间夹灰-深灰色泥岩,未见浅水蒸发构造;生物化石以陆相介形类为主,淡水滨浅湖的腹足类和轮藻化石稀少,在E1f4地层中存在仅见于K2p地层中的Cicat ricosisporites pseudoanrifer化石以及Welwitschiapitesningensis、Cicatricosisporites pseudoaurifer等;两地盐岩的卤水类型均为硫酸盐-氯化物型,而赵集次凹E1f4盐岩重金属元素含量较低。赵集次凹阜四段存在两个主要成盐期:上盐亚段与下盐亚段,对比研究发现二者的盐岩类型、特征及成盐序列有较大差异,尝试根据盐类物质供给的成分和速率的不同建立了相应的成盐模式:下盐亚段为深水近源快速补给"石盐岩-无水芒硝岩-石盐岩再沉积"成盐模式;上盐亚段为深水近源缓慢补给"钙芒硝岩-石盐岩再沉积"成盐模式。 相似文献
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为了研究钙芒硝盐岩在水热综合作用下强度等参数的衰减规律,通过自行研制的实验装置,模拟了钙芒硝盐岩在30~70℃温度的蒸馏水中的浸泡实验。在浸泡40d过程中,测试了钙芒硝盐岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、纵波波速、破坏模式等参数,总结了浸水前后钙芒硝盐岩参数随时间、温度的变化规律;通过偏光显微镜对比观察了在浸泡前后钙芒硝盐岩微观结构的变化特征;分析了成分、结构、时间、温度等因素对钙芒硝盐岩强度等参数衰减的影响。研究结果表明:(1)钙芒硝盐岩强度随浸泡时间的增加衰减剧烈。浸泡7d后,钙芒硝盐岩强度衰减为初始强度的50% ~72%。浸泡30~40d后,钙芒硝盐岩强度衰减至初始强度的10%以下。(2)钙芒硝盐岩在长时间的浸泡过程中,主要是其中的可溶成分的溶解、溶蚀作用导致了钙芒硝盐岩结构的劣化。(3)在实验温度(30~70℃)范围内,钙芒硝等矿物的溶解过程大致经历了溶解度先增大后减小的过程,钙芒硝盐岩强度存在先减小后增大的变化,但在相同浸泡时间下各浸泡温度间强度差值小于初始强度的10%,钙芒硝盐岩强度随浸泡温度(30~70℃)变化不大。论文研究成果深化了盐渍岩土,尤其是钙芒硝盐岩水岩相互作用的认识,同时也为盐渍岩土工程问题提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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石盐包裹体的均一温度能够代表卤水结晶的温度,因而是揭示古气候的有效手段。陕北盐盆位于鄂尔多斯盆地中东部,区内奥陶纪马家沟组发育厚层含盐沉积。对采自该盐盆的镇钾1井中的石盐包裹体进行详细的岩相学研究以及均一温度测定。岩相学研究结果表明,包裹体的形态主要为方形、圆形及不规则形,包裹体的类型主要为纯液相、气液两相和含子矿物包裹体三种。包裹体均一温度的测定采用低温冷冻测温法,其中,深度2 738 m的样品zjy-1,均一温度为18.5℃~27℃;深度2 740 m的样品zjy-2,均一温度为14.9℃~29.9℃;深度2 744 m的样品zjy-3,均一温度为24℃~36.9℃;深度2 812.8 m的样品zjy-4,均一温度为14.7℃~31℃;该温度与前人所研究的奥陶纪古温度基本吻合。样品均一温度反映陕北盐盆马家沟组五段六亚段沉积期的古气温在27℃~36.9℃之间,其古气候为地处南半球低纬度干旱气候带,炎热干旱的气候特征。 相似文献
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东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积环境特征及沉积充填模式 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
沉积盆地中沉积环境特征控制了砂体沉积成因类型及盆地沉积充填模式。通过对东营凹陷丰深2井、官112井及梁120井沙四下亚段泥质沉积物系统取样,进行全岩X衍射分析和常量及微量地球化学元素分析,在此基础上对东营凹陷沙四下亚段古气候和古盐度指标进行分析。结果表明,古气候指标Rb/Sr比值与石英+长石含量、Cr元素含量及P元素含量呈正比,含量增加反映了气候相对潮湿,与古盐度指标碳酸盐+硫酸盐含量呈反比,其含量增加反映了气候相对干旱。东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积时期气候干湿交替频繁,气候潮湿时期相对湖平面上升,湖水盐度降低;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖水盐度升高,使得此时期湖泊呈现为高频振荡性盐湖特征。气候潮湿时期以沉积碎屑沉积物为主,包括冲积扇、浅水型三角洲、滨湖滩坝及近岸水下扇沉积,由于湖水盐度较低,洼陷带主要沉积泥岩、灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩和少量泥质膏岩;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖泊水体盐度升高,洼陷带以沉积膏盐岩为特征,垂向上具有含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的演化序列,平面上表现为由湖泊边缘向湖泊中心发育灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的环带状结构特征。 相似文献
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Paleoclimate Changes during the Early Oligocene in the Hoh Xil Region, Northern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alain TRENTESAUX 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(4)
Sedimentological, cyclic-stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and clay-mineralogical studies on the early Oligocene Yaxicuo Group in the Hoh Xil Basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, provide abundant information of paleoclimate changes. A 350-m thick section in the middle-lower Yaxicuo Group was analyzed to reveal the climatic history that occurred in the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene interval 31.30-30.35 Ma, dated with the paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy. The results indicate that arid and cold climate dominated the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene in general, being related to the global cooling and drying events that occurred in the earliest Oligocene. Within this period, relatively warm and wet climate accompanied by strong tectonic activity occurred in the 31.05-30.75 Ma interval; while arid and cold climate and relatively inactive tectonics occurred in the 31.30-31.05 and 30.75-30.35 Ma intervals. Furthermore, spectral analyses of hig 相似文献
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Early Cretaceous Paleoclimate Characteristics of China: Clues from Continental Climate-indicative Sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Cretaceous was one of the most remarkable ‘greenhouse' climate periods in geological history. Most of the reported studies of the Cretaceous paleoclimate are based upon marine sedimentary records. Large spatial scale paleoclimatic reconstruction, which has a higher time resolution based upon continental sediments in China, is rarely found. This study presents paleoclimate reconstruction for the six time periods of the Early Cretaceous in China by employing continental climate-indicative sediments, including calcareous deposits, coal, oil shale, gypsum, halite, desert sedimentary systems, ferruginous deposits and laterite, copper-bearing deposits, limestone and dolomite. Based on the distribution of the association of climate-indicative sediments and the influences of paleotopography and orogenic belts(or important structural belts) on climate, seven climatic zones have been identified: 1) a warm and humid zone; 2) a warm and humid-warm and arid zone; 3) a warm and arid zone; 4) an arid and hot zone; 5) the Tibet hot and humid zone; 6) a hot and arid-semiarid zone; and 7) a hot and humid-hot and arid one. It is found that the Early Cretaceous climatic zones of China were nearly latitudinally distributed from northwest to southeast. The aridhot climatic zone expanded in the Aptian, suggesting that a hotter and drier climate prevailed in later period of the Early Cretaceous. Conversely, the humid climatic zone expanded in the Albian, indicating that a wetter climate appeared at the end of the Early Cretaceous. The overall distribution pattern of the seven climatic zones indicates that a hot-warm and arid climate was predominant in China; this coincides with a global ‘greenhouse climate' background. However, palaeogeographic features and specific geologic events, such as the existence and disappearance of the eastern high plateau, and the uplift and denudation of Yinshan, Yanshan, Tianshan, Qinling and Dabie Mountains, led to distinctive regional climatic features of the Cretaceous in China. 相似文献
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LIUZhifei WANGChengshan AlainTRENTESAUX ZHAOXixi YIHaisheng HUXiumian JINWei 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(4):504-513
Sedimentological, cyclic-stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and clay-mineralogical studies on the early Oligocene Yaxicuo Group in the Hoh Xil Basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, provide abundant information of paleoclimate changes. A 350-m thick section in the middle-lower Yaxicuo Group was analyzed to reveal the climatic history that occurred in the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene interval 31.30-30.35 Ma, dated with the paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy. The results indicate that add and cold climate dominated the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene in general, being related to the global cooling and drying events that occurred in the earliest Oligocene. Within this period, relatively warm and wet climate accompanied by strong tectonic activity occurred in the 31.05-30.75 Ma interval; while add and cold climate and relatively inactive tectonics occurred in the 31.30-31.05 and 30.75-30.35 Ma intervals. Furthermore, spectral analyses of high-temporal resolution paleoclimatic records show orbital periods including eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. It is concluded that paleoclimate changes during the early Oligocene in the Hoh Xil region were forced by both tectonic activity and orbital periods. 相似文献
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古气候是陆相湖盆层序地层形成的主要沉积动力学因素之一.古-新近纪柴北缘西段及周边地区古气候演化过程复杂,目前就古气候演化过程还存在争议,利用地球化学方法对重点井的岩心和岩屑进行元素、TOC和碳氧稳定同位素测定.各古气候指标之间的相关性分析表明:Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ca、TOC和氯离子含量可作为研究区恢复古气候的指标,δ13C与δ18O不能指示出该区的古气候演化过程.重点井全井段的岩屑氯离子含量分析表明:柴北缘西段古-新近纪古气候经历了干旱-潮湿-干旱的演化过程,从路乐河组到下干柴沟组上段沉积期古气候由干旱逐渐向潮湿的方向演化,呈现了7个旋回,湖盆水体盐度降低,总体来说气候潮湿,水体为微咸水;从上干柴沟组到狮子沟组沉积期古气候从潮湿向干旱方向演化,呈现了12个旋回,古水介质经历了微咸水至半咸水的演化过程. 相似文献
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青海达布逊湖50万年以来气候变化的孢粉学证据 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
基于青海柴达木盆地达布逊湖达 1井岩芯样品孢粉分析结果,将孢粉谱划分为Q2 、Q3 和Q4 三个孢粉带;并根据孢粉组合特征讨论了过去 5 0万年中研究区植被演化和古气候变化问题。达 1井沉积剖面年龄根据古地磁测定。研究结果表明,柴达木盆地中更新世中、晚期 ( 5 0 0～ 130kaBP)气候可能为暖温带半潮湿型,晚更新世 ( 130～ 10kaBP)气候为温带半干燥型,全新世 ( 10～ 0kaBP)气候为寒温带干燥型。晚更新世气候变化与青藏高原古里雅冰芯所记录的冷暖事件演变基本一致. 相似文献
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陆相沉积形成于地圈与水圈、大气圈和生物圈的交界面上,比海相地层更有效地记录了地球表层环境的信息。通过对沉积岩中沉积物的粘土矿物、气候指数、氧同位素测温等研究,获得关于气候干湿冷暖的信息。基于对这些常用方法的研究,提取出一些陆地上的特殊沉积,如：陆相红层、沙漠沉积体系、蒸发岩、煤及油页岩等所包含的丰富气候信息。沙漠代表干旱炎热气候;陆相红层的出现反映高温氧化环境,其在干旱和潮湿的热带气候下都能形成;芒硝代表干冷的气候环境;石膏则代表干热,水体盐度高,蒸发作用强的气候条件;煤层/油页岩一般形成于温暖潮湿的气候环境。对特殊沉积的研究可以用来重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。 相似文献
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E.V. Sklyarov E.P. Solotchina E.G. Vologina N.V. Ignatova O.P. Izokh N.V. Kulagina O.A. Sklyarova P.A. Solotchin V.N. Stolpovskaya N.N. Ukhova V.S. Fedorovskii O.M. Khlystov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(3):237-258
We present results of a complex study of evaporite sediments from one of the small saline lakes with carbonate sedimentation in the Ol’khon area and substantiate their high significance for paleoclimatic reconstructions. The mineral composition of the bottom sediments was studied by XRD analysis, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis (SR-XFA), etc. By decomposition of the complex XRD profiles of carbonate minerals into individual peaks by Pearson VII function, we identified carbonate phases in each sample and determined their proportions. A high-resolution carbonate record has been obtained for the first time for the lacustrine sediments. It bears the information about the stratigraphic distribution of Mg-calcites (a continuous series of structurally disordered low- to high-Mg calcites, up to Ca-dolomites), in which the amount and proportions of phases with different Mg contents are controlled by Mg/Ca, salinity, and total alkalinity of the lake water changing depending on the climatic cycles and lake level fluctuations. Comparison of the carbonate record for the Holocene section dated by the radiocarbon (14C) method with results of lithological, diatom, and palynological analyses, data on stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C), and the distribution of some geochemical indicators of climatic changes permitted the reconstruction of the intricate evolution of the Lake Tsagan-Tyrm basin, which was controlled by the regional climate from the Atlantic period to the present time. The directed change in various characteristics of essentially carbonate sediments evidences that the Ol’khon regional climate has become more arid in recent 6.5 kyr. Moreover, drastic frequent changes of climate and, correspondingly, the Lake Tsagan-Tyrm water level in different periods of its existence have been revealed. The widespread saline and brackish lakes in southern East Siberia, Mongolia, and North China and the highly informative (in terms of paleoclimate and paleolimnology) carbonate sediments might help to recognize the general tendencies of paleoclimate changes and local fluctuations in Central Asia. 相似文献
20.
Xin Wang Jinhui Zhang Jia Jia Mi Wang Qiang Wang Jianhui Chen Fei Wang Zaijun Li Fahu Chen 《地球科学进展》2019,34(1):34-47
Loess of central Asia is located in a linkage zone between the European and Chinese loess depositional belts. Paleoclimate signatures from loess-paleosol sequences here is a key for completely understanding the spatial-tempo paleoclimate changes of Euro-Asia and for understanding the interactions between westerlies and Asia monsoon system during geological time. However, paleoclimate investigations of loess-paleosol sequences in arid central Asia is relatively weak than those from Europe and Chinese Loess Plateau. Specific, correlations of paleoclimate records with Chinese loess is required for better understanding “westerly regimes” in central Asia and its phase relationship with monsoon Asia on various time scale. In this work, we reviewed new advantages of loess study in central Asia during the last decades. Based on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic correlations of loess-paleosol sequences between central Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau, we discussed aridification history of Asia on tectonic time scale, the hydroclimate changes in arid central Asia and its phase relationship with Monsoonal Asia on orbital and millennial time scale during the Pleistocene. 相似文献