共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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李成仁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12)
针对传统的点云内插DEM算法存在模型误差和点云粗差等问题,提出利用抗差最小二乘配置方法进行DEM内插。该方法可将内插模型误差当作最小二乘配置中的随机信号来处理,并采用基于抗差M估计的协方差函数拟合方法,对粗差数据进行剔除或降权处理,削弱其对协方差函数拟合精度的影响,从而提高DEM内插精度。最后采用三种实验方案对比分析,实验结果表明:抗差最小二乘配置插值方法具有更高的插值精度。 相似文献
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针对三维激光扫描中点云不等精度且易受粗差影响的问题,提出了一种基于入射角定权的抗差加权总体最小二乘的拟合方法。该方法在采用入射角定权的基础上,进行基于标准化残差和中位数的抗差加权整体最小二乘估计,获得待定参数估值,并通过Gauss-Newton迭代算法,推导了模型的迭代计算方法。以平面拟合和球面拟合为例,分别通过仿真数据和实测数据对算法进行验证,结果表明,对于含有粗差的点云,新方法可以获得更为理想的参数估值,其性能优于抗差整体最小二乘和加权整体最小二乘,可以更好地进行三维激光扫描的点云拟合。 相似文献
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空间坐标转换在大地测量、工程测量等领域应用广泛.在利用公共点求解坐标转换参数时,针对公共点中混有多粗差点的情形,给出了基于罗德里格矩阵的坐标系转换模型,并在此基础上提出了基于随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法粗差剔除的坐标系转换抗差估计.最后利用仿真数据对该算法进行了验证,同时将该抗差算法与基于IGG3方案的最小二乘抗差估计算法进行了比较.算例结果表明,在20个仿真公共点数据中(仿真多组数据),当粗差点个数超过公共点总数的3/10时,基于IGG3方案的最小二乘抗差算法失效,而基于RANSAC的抗差算法在粗差点个数达到公共点总数的1/2时,依然能保证坐标转换的精度.该抗差算法将RANSAC算法的思想应用到坐标系转换上,有效地剔除了公共点中混有的大量粗差点. 相似文献
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在测量中,为了对建(构)筑物的圆柱面点云数据进行建模或检测,需要精确拟合圆柱面并对拟合结果进行分析、表达。针对传统圆柱面点云数据拟合方法未考虑粗差存在和系数矩阵含有误差,导致圆柱面拟合结果不够精确的问题,提出了可自适应调整权阵的稳健加权总体最小二乘算法计算拟合参数。该算法在考虑全部观测值误差的基础上,通过激光点到圆柱面的距离确定各点的权重,以3倍标准差剔除粗差,经迭代计算最终得到稳健的拟合结果。经工程实例计算,证明该算法能有效克服粗差的影响,得到准确可靠的拟合参数估值,拟合效果优于传统拟合算法。 相似文献
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针对机载Li DAR点云数据的粗差剔除和滤波,直接关系到后续数据处理的精度,本文运用KD树组织数据建立三维索引,快速查找并计算目标点与k个最近邻点的平均距离,根据距离阈值判断并剔除粗差点。实验选取3种典型测区的点云数据进行实验,分别采用形态学粗差剔除法和本文粗差剔除法对3组点云数据进行粗差剔除,并采用渐进不规则三角网滤波法对原始点云数据及两种粗差剔除结果进行滤波,对结果进行对比分析。结果验证,本文方法能有效剔除点云粗差,提高后续滤波结果的精度。 相似文献
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为了提高平面拟合精度,本文采用总体最小二乘求解平面拟合参数。同时考虑到点云数据中含有的粗差点可能影响点云平面拟合的精度,提出了方差膨胀的稳健加权总体最小二乘。本文通过选取IGG权函数将点云数据分为3段,并引入中位数对IGG权函数进行改进,可以更准确地探测粗差。考虑到点云数据中x、y、z这3个方向的误差并不是等精度,计算了点位的协方差矩阵,使得x、y、z这3个方向的误差分配更加合理。通过实例表明,本文的方法不仅可以消除粗差点的影响,还能减弱可疑点的影响,得到更为准确的平面拟合参数,提高了平面拟合精度。 相似文献
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针对存在噪声的点云数据,采用常规方法拟合效果精度不高的问题,提出了一种有效改善拟合精度的方法。在移动最小二乘的基础上,考虑观测量存在噪声的情况,通过设定阈值剔除噪声,从而得到精度较高的结果。通过相关实验可知:本文方法可有效剔除点云数据中的噪声,提高拟合结果的精度,稳定性更好。 相似文献
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Automatic change detection and geo-database updating in the urban environment are difficult tasks. There has been much research on detecting changes with satellite and aerial images, but studies have rarely been performed at the street level, which is complex in its 3D geometry. Contemporary geo-databases include 3D street-level objects, which demand frequent data updating. Terrestrial images provides rich texture information for change detection, but the change detection with terrestrial images from different epochs sometimes faces problems with illumination changes, perspective distortions and unreliable 3D geometry caused by the lack of performance of automatic image matchers, while mobile laser scanning (MLS) data acquired from different epochs provides accurate 3D geometry for change detection, but is very expensive for periodical acquisition. This paper proposes a new method for change detection at street level by using combination of MLS point clouds and terrestrial images: the accurate but expensive MLS data acquired from an early epoch serves as the reference, and terrestrial images or photogrammetric images captured from an image-based mobile mapping system (MMS) at a later epoch are used to detect the geometrical changes between different epochs. The method will automatically mark the possible changes in each view, which provides a cost-efficient method for frequent data updating. The methodology is divided into several steps. In the first step, the point clouds are recorded by the MLS system and processed, with data cleaned and classified by semi-automatic means. In the second step, terrestrial images or mobile mapping images at a later epoch are taken and registered to the point cloud, and then point clouds are projected on each image by a weighted window based z-buffering method for view dependent 2D triangulation. In the next step, stereo pairs of the terrestrial images are rectified and re-projected between each other to check the geometrical consistency between point clouds and stereo images. Finally, an over-segmentation based graph cut optimization is carried out, taking into account the color, depth and class information to compute the changed area in the image space. The proposed method is invariant to light changes, robust to small co-registration errors between images and point clouds, and can be applied straightforwardly to 3D polyhedral models. This method can be used for 3D street data updating, city infrastructure management and damage monitoring in complex urban scenes. 相似文献
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车载激光点云道路边界提取的Snake方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对车载激光点云中道路边界提取困难,自动化程度低的问题,提出一种基于离散点Snake的车载激光点云道路边界提取方法。不同于传统基于图像建立Snake,本文直接基于离散点建立Snake模型。先利用伪轨迹点数据,确定初始轮廓位置,参数化不同类型的道路边界初始轮廓;然后基于离散点构建适合多类型道路边界的Snake模型,定义模型内部、外部和约束能量,通过能量函数最小化推动轮廓曲线移动到显著道路边界特征点处,实现不同道路边界的精细提取。本文试验采用3份不同城市场景的车载激光点云数据验证本文方法的有效性,道路边界提取结果的准确率达到97.62%,召回率达到98.04%,F1-Measure值达到97.83%以上,且提取的道路边界结果与软件交互提取的结果有较好的吻合度。试验结果表明,本文方法能够修正噪声、断裂等数据质量对道路边界提取的影响,能够实现各类复杂城市环境中不同形状道路边界的提取,具有较强的稳健性和适用性。 相似文献
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Accurate 3D road information is important for applications such as road maintenance and virtual 3D modeling. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is an efficient technique for capturing dense point clouds that can be used to construct detailed road models for large areas. This paper presents a method for extracting and delineating roads from large-scale MLS point clouds. The proposed method partitions MLS point clouds into a set of consecutive “scanning lines”, which each consists of a road cross section. A moving window operator is used to filter out non-ground points line by line, and curb points are detected based on curb patterns. The detected curb points are tracked and refined so that they are both globally consistent and locally similar. To evaluate the validity of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using two types of street-scene point clouds captured by Optech’s Lynx Mobile Mapper System. The completeness, correctness, and quality of the extracted roads are over 94.42%, 91.13%, and 91.3%, respectively, which proves the proposed method is a promising solution for extracting 3D roads from MLS point clouds. 相似文献
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激光雷达点云密度较大时会导致数据冗余,对点云数据的计算、存储及显示造成困难。本文针对激光雷达地形扫描点云的精简问题,提出了一种多因子分区点云精简方法。首先在改进点云组织方式的基础上,使用变异系数定权法并综合4种传统的点云特征提取因子,得到最终的综合评价因子,以划分特征点与非特征点;然后使用改进的八叉树将所有点依据其位置与数量划分为子集,并根据每个子集的特征点数量确定是否保留其中部分非特征点。该方法可更全面客观地对数据进行特征评估与选择,得到最具代表性的点,实现更高精度的精简。试验显示,多因子分区方法的误差比其他方法低20%～50%,且在整体试验区域精度的均匀性高5%～70%,证明该方法更优越。 相似文献
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车载激光扫描可快速获取大场景点云,由于存在视场限制和遮挡,需地面激光点云作补充。车载与地面点云分别位于大地坐标和局部坐标系统,本文提出结合遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）和（iterative closed point,ICP）的自动点云配准方法以统一基准。ICP采用局部优化,效率较高,但依赖初始解;GA为全局优化方法,但效率低。融合策略为当GA配准趋于局部搜索时,采用ICP完成配准。GA配准以地面激光扫描仪内置GPS测量粗略位置限定优化搜索空间。为提高GA配准精度,提出了最大化归一化匹配分数之和（normalized sum of matching scores,NSMS）配准模型。实测数据试验验证了NSMS模型的有效性,GA配准均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为1~5 cm;融合配准比GA配准效率高约50%。 相似文献