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前驱波是一种暂态信号,是在震源成核过程中发射出的一种低频波,对地震预测而言是一种有重要价值的可靠短临前兆信息.本文提取了黑龙江及邻区3次中强地震前5例水位、竖直摆倾斜数字化低频前驱波异常图像,分析了低频前驱波异常形态、异常特征和异常指标,经初步统计得到了经验公式,探讨了前驱波异常机理,取得了一些新的认识,值得一提的是这些震例均为近场区中强地震前数字化前兆低频前驱波异常,丰富了低频前驱波方法在黑龙江地区地震分析预测工作中的应用. 相似文献
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本文应用断裂力学和流变介质中波的传播理论来研究震前长周期形变波的波动源以及这类波传播的一些主要特征,在理论研究结果的基础上,对我国多次较大地震前观测到的短临地震前兆进行了剖析,并从中识别出一些可能与长周期形变波有关的短临地震前兆.首先,从粘滑与破裂这两类主要地震机制出发,提出了粘滑前的预滑与破裂前断裂的预扩展(亚稳态扩展)可能是产生震前长周期波的两类波动源的看法,并着重从理论上讨论了后一类波动源.其次,以地壳流变介质模型为基础,对长周期形变波的传播特性进行了理论研究.选用地壳的广义流变介质模型,求解了所述的两类波动源在这种流变地壳介质中引起的长周期形变波传播的动力学问题,从理论上得出了长周期形变波在地壳内传播的某些一般特征.然后,专门分析了我国多次大地震前实际观测到的短期和临震地震前兆资料,并着重讨论了唐山地震的短临前兆.在这些不同类型的短临地震前兆中,我们得出地下水位、地倾斜及潮位自动记录曲线等的某些振动式及阶跃式短临地震前兆与长周期形变波的理论探讨结果基本相符,因而可以认为它们属于由长周期形变波所反映的地震前兆.在理论研究与实际资料分析的基础上,本文归纳了由长周期形变波所引起的短临地震前兆的一些基本特征,包括传播速度、衰 相似文献
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归纳了自1975年以后华北地区13次中强以上地震的地壳形变短临前兆异常60例。统计地壳形变短临异常与地震的定性关系，发现距震中较远的台站异常出现较早，较近的台站异常出现较晚，地震的震级与异常的空间展布范围成正比，异常往往倾向震中或背向震中。跨断层的位移型形变异常形态有两大类：一类是趋势性异常变化，另一类是高频波动。本文提出了将连续型形变转化为应变的方法。从1989年10月16日大同－阳高61级地 震和1991年3月26日大同－阳高5．8缓地震的实例可见，地震往往发生在高应变区或其附 近，异常量级可达10－6。 相似文献
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佳木斯地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪对日本及日本海域地震的前兆反映 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,常有大量介质破裂及裂隙间的粘滑产生,反映到地倾斜记录仪上,表现为固体潮形变异常。近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯地震台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,其前兆异常对1000km以外的日本及日本海域的地震有明显短临前兆反映。 相似文献
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把研究区划分为孕震区和外围区 ,按层次分析地震前兆异常动态演变的方法 ,分析研究 2 0 0 0年 1月 1 5日云南省姚安 6 5级地震前 ,震源区及其周围中等地震活动空间分布、小震群活动、地震危险度D及地下流体、地磁、地电、地形变等前兆手段异常变化 ,得出了姚安 6 5级地震孕育过程前兆异常动态演变特征。其主要特征为 :1 .孕震区地震活动演变方式为活动增强 -异常平静 -发震 ;2 .孕震区外围附近地区地震活动表现为平静 -活动增强 ,当地震孕育进入中期阶段 ,地震活动形成地震密集区 ;3.地震孕育发展中短期阶段 ,地下流体、地磁、地电、地形变等多项前兆手段出现同步异常变化 ,至短临阶段 ,这些异常大多出现转折或恢复 相似文献
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地电阻率短临前兆异常的判定方法研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文用一阶差分和相干加权计算等方法对地电阻率观测资料进行处理，其结果较好地突出了短临前兆异常。进而研究了地电阻率短临前兆变化特征及其短临预报指标；采用归一化方法将电阻率各异常参量转换为地震前兆信息量，为多种前兆方法进行综合跟踪预报提供了必要的基础资料。 相似文献
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在研究了 1 990年 4月 2 6日共和 7.0级强震前 ,青海东北部地区的小震活动和前兆异常总台频次的变化 ,以及地下流体 ,电磁 ,形变等前兆异常的时空演化特征的基础上 ,得出在大震前 1～ 7个月前兆异常台项总频次的升高和 2 .0～ 3.9级地震形成的条带和空区 ,以及 3.5级以上地震频次增加在时间上是同步的。而且 ,2 .0～ 3.9级地震形成的条带和空区对未来大震的震中位置具有指示意义。这种前兆异常在时间上的同步性可能是大震前的异常由中期向短期过渡的时间标志 ,震前 2个月出现的前兆台项总频次异常峰值以及形变前兆异常场兆变化则是异常进入短临的时间。 相似文献
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将倾斜固体潮Nakai拟合检验、倾斜潮汐变化分析引入潮汐形变资料处理中,对2006年4月9日山东莘县与河南濮阳交界的濮阳ML4．6级地震前泰安台的潮汐形变观测资料进行处理与分析,发现在地震前十天左右,泰安地震台出现潮汐形变地震短临异常,异常信号就是我们想要得到的地震前兆信息。 相似文献
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Two categories of earthquake precursors,physical and tectonic,and their roles in intermediate-term earthquake prediction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Katsuhiko Ishibashi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,126(2-4):687-700
I suggest that earthquake precursors can be divided into two major categories, physical and tectonic. I define physical precursor to be a direct or indirect indication of initiation or progression of an irreversible rupture-generating physical process within the preparation zone of a forthcoming earthquake. Tectonic precursor is defined as a manifestation of tectonic movement which takes place outside the preparation zone of an impending earthquake as a link in a chain of particular local tectonism in each individual area preceding the earthquake.Most intermediate-term, short-term and immediate precursors of various disciplines within the source regions of main shocks are considered physical ones. Some precursory crustal deformations around the source regions are, however, possibly tectonic precursors, because they may be caused by episodic plate motions or resultant block movements in the neighboring regions of the fault segments that will break. A possible example of this phenomena is the anomalous crustal uplift in the Izu Peninsula, Japan, before the 1978 Izu-Oshima earthquake ofM
s
6.8. Some precursory changes in seismicity patterns in wide areas surrounding source regions also seem to be tectonic precursors, because they were probably caused by the particular tectonic setting of each region. A typical example is a so-called doughnut pattern before the 1923 Kanto, Japan, earthquake ofM
s
8.2.Although most studies on earthquake precursors so far seem to regard implicitly all precursory phenomena observed as physical ones, the two categories should be distinguished carefully when statistical analysis or physical modeling is carried out based on reported precursory phenomena. In active plate boundary zones, where a practical strategy for earthquake prediction may well be different from that in intraplate regions, tectonic precursors can be powerful additional tools for intermediate-term earthquake prediction. 相似文献
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Kiyoo Mogi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(6):765-780
The temporal variation in precursory ground tilt prior to the 1944 Tonankai (Japan) earthquake, which is a great thrust-type earthquake along the Nankai Trough, is discussed using the analysis of data from repeated surveys along short-distance leveling routes.Sato (1970) pointed out that an anomalous tilt occurred one day before the earthquake at Kakegawa near the northern end of the focal region of the earthquake. From the analysis of additional leveling data, Sato's result is re-examined and the temporal change in the ground tilt is deduced for the period of about ten days beginning six days before the earthquake. A remarkable precursory tilt started two or three days before the earthquake. The direction of the precursory tilt was up towards the south (uplift on the southern Nankai Trough side), but the coseismic tilt was up towards the southeast, perpendicular to the strike of the main thrust fault of the Tonankai earthquake. The postseismic tilt was probably opposite of the coseismic tilt. The preseismic tilt is attributed to precursory slip on part of the main fault. If similar precursory deformation occurs before a future earthquake expected to occur in the adjacent Tokai region, the deformation may help predict the time of the Tokai earthquake. 相似文献
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利用横跨地表破裂带的小点距的地震测线, 对2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震进行了断层围陷波的观测实验. 经过数字滤波和频谱分析等技术, 由地震记录图中分离出了断层围陷波. 资料处理结果表明: ① 无论是人工地震震源还是天然地震震源, 只要位于断层带内或紧靠断层带, 均能激发断层围陷波; ② 断层围陷波的能量主要集中于断层带内, 其振幅随测点与断层带距离的增加而急剧衰减; ③ 断层围陷波的优势频率与断层的宽度及断层带内介质的速度有关, 断层带越宽, 或断层带内部介质速度越低, 则观测到的断层围陷波的优势频率越低; ④ 断层围陷波存在着频散现象; ⑤ 根据昆仑山口西地震测线断层围陷波的观测结果, 可推断该处破裂面宽度为300 m左右, 远远大于地表破裂带的宽度. 相似文献
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地震前兆异常的识别和提取一直是地震预报研究的重要任务, 也是地震预报事业发展的瓶颈。 结合鲁甸地震的研究成果, 利用S变换和超限率等方法, 提取定点形变高频异常, 总结鲁甸地震前兆高频异常形态特征, 分析异常台站空间分布规律, 剖析高频异常形成的前兆机理。 研究发现, 高频异常主要表现为信号周期在数分钟至数小时的信号成分, 频带较宽, 丛集性好, 与曲线的突跳、 毛刺或阶跃对应较好, 震前4~5 d开始出现, 震后2~3 d衰减消失; 其台站分布较分散, 主要沿NW—SE方向分布, 与区域应力场方向和发震断层走向趋于一致, 且均分布在构造块体边界; 可能是对不同速率的构造块体在震前发生的滑移和瞬间错动的记录, 它的形成与台站附近地壳介质的稳定性有关。 相似文献
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Study on rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake using fault-zone trapped waves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The study on deep crustal faults has been one of the most vigorous subjects in seismology. In the past, 3-D deep seismic sounding and 3-D seismic tomography were usually used for this pur-pose. But it is difficult to obtain the fine structures of the faults in deep crust by these methods. Recently, seismologists in the world pay more attention to the fault zone trapped waves. Since the fault-zone trapped waves arise from coherent multiple reflections at two boundaries of the fau… 相似文献
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系统研究了水胜地层前云南地区的各种前兆异常，发现：震前2个月水胜地区的断层面总面积、多分维、蠕变、地层活动频度熵、地层活动强度熵呈明显异常；层前1年滇西北为低温异常区和高雨量异常区；展前3年滇西北地区GPS测量存在明显的奇异水平运动异常和最大剪切应变异常；震前2．5年至数十天云南地区出现大量的定点前兆异常成团分布，尤以滇西北最为集中。经分析后认为，水胜6．0级地层的各种前兆异常是明显的，普通存在的；水胜6.0级地层的孕育时间为2．5年；目前云南地区仍存在3个孕震区(滇西北、小滇西、滇东南)，未来3年甚至更短时间内云南地区的6级地震可能发生在第3个孕展区——滇东南地区。 相似文献
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通过对青藏高原北部地区前兆观测手段共88个台点的资料系统分析、整理、汇总,认为在昆仑山口西8．1级地震中短期内前兆异常具有明显的特征,并认为8．1级地震的发生不仅仅是大构造断裂带活动的产物,更是在某种特殊的力源作用下,大区域构造应力发生显变化,并在几条边界构造大断裂的相互作用下发生的1次强震活动。 相似文献
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The November 14, 2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun Mountains earthquake in northern Tibet is the largest earthquake occurring on the Chinese mainland since 1950. We apply a three-dimensional （3-D） finite element numerical procedure to model the coseismic displacement and stress fields of the earthquake based on field investigations. We then further investigate the stress interaction between the Ms8.1 earthquake and the intensive aftershocks. Our primary calculation shows that the coseismic displacement field is centralized around the east Kunlun fault zone. And the attenuation of coseismic displacements on the south side of Kunlun fault zone is larger than that on the north side. The calculated coseismic stress field also indicates that the calculated maximal shear stress field is centralized around the east Kunlun fault zone; the directions of the coseismic major principal stress are opposite to that of the background crustal stress field of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau. It indicates that the earthquake relaxes the crustal stress state in the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau. Finally, we study the stress interaction between Ms8.1 earthquake and its intensive aftershocks. The calculated Coulomb stress changes of the Ms8.1 great earthquake are in favor of triggering 4 aftershocks. 相似文献
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Yosihiko Ogata 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):1115-1127
If aseismic slip occurs on a fault or its deeper extension, both seismicity and crustal deformation around the source would be affected. Anomalous phenomena of this kind are revealed from earthquake occurrence data and geodetic records during a period of 10 years leading up to the March 2005 M 7.0 earthquake west of Fukuoka that occurred off the northern coast of Kyushu, Japan. Seismicity rate anomalies (quiescence and activation) took place relative to the rates expected by the ETAS model in a number of seismic zones in and around the Kyushu District. The seismic zone of the relative quiescence and activation consistently corresponds to the zone of the negative and positive ΔCFS (Coulomb failure stress change), respectively, assuming the precursory aseismic slips on the M 7.0 source fault. In addition, we consider the time series of geodetic baseline distances between permanent GPS stations in the Kyushu District for the same period, which also supports the possible precursory slips rather than the known slow slips beneath the Bungo Straight, off the eastern coast of Kyushu. 相似文献