共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951-1999, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20-400 km in Northeast China, 40-400 km in North China, 30-350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40-370 km in Southwest China. Before the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution. At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward, southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have distinctive interdecadal features. 相似文献
2.
近50年来中国干湿气候界线的10年际波动 总被引：57，自引：5，他引：57
利用中国北方1951～1999年降水量和年蒸发量资料，计算了干燥度指数（D）。并据此将中国划分为干旱区（D（0.20）），半干旱区（0.20-0.50）和湿润区（D(0.50）），近50a中国干湿气候波动显著，区域差异大；50a波动幅度东北区为20～400km，华北区为40～400km，西北东部为30～350km，西南区为40～370km，以80年代为界，在20世纪80年代以前（包括80年代），西南区气候具有显著变湿趋势；西北东部稍变湿；华北区和东北区具有变干趋势，且华北区变干程度比东北区严重。进入90年代。西南区和西北东部气候有变干迹象。华北区西部气候的干旱程度有所增加，华北区东部有所减弱，东北区气候进一步变湿，半干旱区是湿润区与干旱区之间的过渡区，是中国季风的边缘地带，也是环境变化的敏感区，20世纪60～70年代中国（北方）干湿气候存在一次突变，由较湿润变为干旱。50年来干湿气候界线呈现出整体移动和东西、南北相异波动的特征，当干湿气候界线同时向西或向北移动时，中国北方气候就变得相对湿润；当同时向东或向南移动时，北方气候就变得相对干旱；当干湿气候界线东西、南北相异移动时，北方气候的干旱程度就介于二者之间。 相似文献
3.
基于标准化降水指数的1960—2011年中国不同时间尺度干旱特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1960—2011年中国566个气象站逐日降水资料,采用标准化降水指数对近52年中国的干旱特征进行了详细分析。结果表明：近52年来,中国存在一条由东北向西南延伸的干旱趋势带,东北、内蒙古中东部、华北、西北地区东部以及西南地区东部趋于干旱,而西北地区西部的北疆地区、青海中部以及西藏中北部等地呈显著变湿趋势;华北地区干旱化主要是夏季趋于干旱引起的,东北和西南地区的干旱化主要是夏、秋季趋于干旱引起的,西北地区东部和长江中下游地区主要是春、秋季趋于干旱。东北地区20世纪70年代和2000年后轻旱以上日数较多,60年代干旱日数最少;华北地区和西北地区东部90年代最多,60—80年代旱日较少;西南地区东部2000年后干旱日数最多,60—70年代较少;长江中下游地区60年代和21世纪后干旱日数偏多,80年代较少。60年代,易旱区主要位于西北地区中、西部以及长江中下游部分地区;70年代,西北西部和东北地区是干旱的高发区;80年代,易旱区位于华北、黄淮、内蒙古中西部以及西南东部等地;90年代,易旱区转移到中部,西北地区东南部、华北、黄淮、江淮以及江汉等地是干旱的高发区;进入21世纪后,东北、内蒙古东部、西北地区东部、西南东部以及长江中下游的部分地区干旱高发。 相似文献
4.
1951-2010 年中国主要气候区划界线的移动 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
根据采用同一区划方法、指标体系划分的1951-1980 年及1981-2010 年中国气候区划结果,对比分析了过去60 年中国气候区划的主要界线变化特征。结果表明：1951-1980 年至1981-2010 年,我国寒温带界线西缩、北移;暖温带北界东段北移,其中最大北移幅度超过1个纬度;北亚热带北界东段平均北移1 个纬度以上,并越过淮河一线;中亚热带北界中段从江汉平原南沿移至了江汉平原北部,最大移动幅度达2 个纬度;南亚热带北界西段北移0.5~2 个纬度;青藏高原亚寒带范围缩小,高原温带范围增加。东北湿润、半湿润区虽转干与趋湿并存,但其中温带地区的湿润-半湿润东界东移,大兴安岭中部与南部的半湿润-半干旱界线北扩;其他地区的干湿分界线虽未出现明显移动,但北方半干旱及华北半湿润区总体转干,河西走廊、新疆及青藏高原的干旱、半干旱区总体转湿;而南方湿润区则趋干与转湿并存。 相似文献
5.
The study of global climate change for the last 2000 years is very important for predicting climate evolution in the future. In order to explore the evidence of climate change for that period, the Chinese scientists made convincing statements using high-resolution substitution data such as tree-ring, coral and ice core. Continuous accumulated peat sediment is the better substitution data to provide climate information. Selecting the peatlands with a certain area and less human interference, th… 相似文献
6.
东北地区植被分布全球气候变化区域响应 总被引：26，自引：8，他引：18
根据东北地区生态气候环境和生物地理规律对Holdridge生命地带分类系统进行修正,将东北地区植被分为寒温带湿润森林、寒温带潮湿森林、温带湿润森林、暖温带湿润森林、温带半湿润森林草甸草原、温带半湿润草甸草原、温带半干旱典型草原、暖温带半湿润草甸草原和暖温带半干旱典型草原等9 个生命地带并分析了其空间分布特征。运用大气环流模式分析东北地区由于温室气体增加导致的气候变化趋势。以此为基础评价东北地区植被分布的区域响应。全球气候变暖情景下,东北地区暖温带和温带范围明显扩大,而寒温带范围缩小甚至退出东北地区,植被分布界限显著北移;同时湿润区面积减少半湿润区和半干旱区扩大,导致森林面积缩小草原面积扩大。 相似文献
7.
Western North Pacific Subtropical High is a very important atmospheric circulation system influencing the summer climate over
eastern China. Its interdecadal change is analyzed in this study. There is a significant decadal shift in about 1979/1980.
Since 1980, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High has enlarged, intensified, and shifted southwestward. This change gives
rise to an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the South China Sea to western Pacific and thus causes wet
anomalies over the Yangtze River valley. During the summers of 1980–1999, the precipitation is 63.9 mm above normal, while
during 1958–1979 it is 27.3 mm below normal. The difference is significant at the 99% confidence level as at-test shown. The southwestward expanding of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High also leads to a significant warming
in southern China, during 1980–1999 the summer mean temperature is 0.37°C warmer than that of the period 1958–1979. The strong
warming is primarily due to the clearer skies associated with the stronger downward air motion as the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High expanding to the west and controlling southern China. It is also found that the relative percentage of tropical
cyclones in the regions south of 20°N is decreasing since the 1980s, but in the regions north of 20°N that is increasing at
the same time. The Western North Pacific Subtropical High responds significantly to sea surface temperature of the tropical
eastern Pacific with a lag of one-two seasons and simultaneously to sea surface temperature of the tropical Indian Ocean.
The changes in the sea surface temperatures are mainly responsible for the interdecadal variability of the Western North Pacific
Subtropical High. 相似文献
8.
Holocene millennial-scale climate variations documented by multiple lake-level proxies in sediment cores from Hurleg Lake,Northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cheng Zhao Zicheng Yu Yan Zhao Emi Ito Kenneth P. Kodama Fahu Chen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(4):995-1008
Millennial-scale climate variability has not been well documented in arid northwest China due to the scarcity of high-resolution,
well-dated paleoclimate records. Here we present multi-proxy records from sediment cores taken in freshwater Hurleg Lake on
the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which reveal millennial-scale lake-level and climate variations over the past 8,000 years.
This high-elevation region is very sensitive to large-scale climate change, thus allowing us to better understand Holocene
climate variations in East Asia. The lake-level record, derived from lithology, magnetic mineralogy, carbonate isotopes, ostracode
shell isotopes and trace elements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and gray scale data, indicates a highly variable and generally
dry climate from 7.8 to 1 ka (1 ka = 1,000 cal year BP), and a relatively stable and wet climate after 1 ka. Superimposed
on this general trend, six dry intervals at 7.6–7.2 ka, 6.2–5.9 ka, 5.3–4.9 ka, 4.4–3.8 ka, 2.7–2.4 ka, and 1.7–1.1 ka were
detected from the high-resolution carbonate content and XRF data. The generally dry climate between 7.8 and 1 ka was almost
synchronous with the decrease of East Asian and Indian monsoon intensities shortly after 8 ka. The six dry intervals can be
correlated with weak monsoon events recorded in the East Asia and Indian monsoon regions, as well as the North Atlantic cold
events. Our data suggest that millennial-scale monsoon variations could cause highly variable climate conditions in arid northwest
China during the Holocene. These millennial-scale climate variations may reflect changes in solar variation and/or changes
in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. 相似文献
9.
中国北方地区40年来湿润指数和气候干湿带界线的变化 总被引：63，自引：6，他引：57
本文研究了中国北方地区 196 1～ 2 0 0 0年 4 0年间气候干湿带界线分布和 10年际变化。 4 0年来中国北方地区 ,在东经 10 0°以东地区 ,半干旱区和半湿润区的分界线不断波动向东推进 ,2 0世纪 90年代比 6 0年代向东和向南扩展 ,半干旱区面积扩大 ,半湿润区面积缩小 ,气候趋向干旱化 ;东经 10 0°以西地区 ,极端干旱区面积在缩小 ,湿润指数有增大趋势。如果把温度和湿润指数相结合 ,东经 10 0°以东的黄淮海区和黄土高原区为持续的干暖型 ;东经 10 0°以西的西北地区 ,则由干暖型向湿暖型转变 :河西走廊和东疆盆地转型的时间发生在 2 0世纪 70年代初 ,北疆山地绿洲荒漠地区转型的时间发生 2 0世纪 80年代中期前后。气候干湿带界线的变化取决于降水和潜在蒸发的变化速率。 4 0年来 ,在东经 10 0°以东地区 ,降水和潜在蒸发都呈下降趋势 ,但降水减少速率大于潜在蒸发下降速率 ;在东经 10 0°以西地区变湿的原因 ,研究认为除了降水有所增加外 ,潜在蒸发也在下降 ,而且潜在蒸发下降速率的绝对值大于降水增加速率。 相似文献
10.
AbstractBased on daily mean temperature at 1863 meteorological stations in China, the trend in the thermal growing season was investigated and time-evolving probability distributions of temperature were examined. Results showed that during 1961–2015, the growing season was extended at rates of 1.5–5.0 days decade?1 in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, and western and central parts of Southwest China. This change was ascribed to an earlier start of the growing season at rates of 1.5–3.0 days decade?1 in North China, the northern and western parts of Northeast China, and the northeastern part of Northwest China, and a later end at rates of 0.5–2.5 days decade?1 in Northwest China, the western and northern parts of Southwest China, and the northwest of North China. The earlier start of the growing season was in accordance with the rapid warming of lower portions of the spring temperature distribution in Northeast China, North China, and Northwest China. The later end of the growing season corresponded to rapid warming in the lower percentiles of autumn temperature distribution in Northwest China. The growing season is more sensitive to warming of lower percentiles of temperature distribution than other portions. 相似文献
11.
中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文) 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption. 相似文献
12.
Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of productive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption. 相似文献
13.
中国避暑型气候的地域类型及其时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
由于中国各地纬度、地形及海陆位置的地域差异,形成了多种多样的避暑型气候。本文采用1993-2012年756个国家基本站和122个辐射站逐日气象数据,基于通用热气候指数(UTCI)模型计算各气象站点的人体感知温度,结合聚类分析方法对避暑型气候的地域类型进行了研究,并对其空间分布、时间变化和舒适特征进行了分析。结果表明：中国避暑型气候主要包括西南高原型、中东部山岳型、东北山地平原型、西北山地高原型和环渤海低山丘陵型5种地域类型;各类避暑型气候具有显著的地域特色：西南高原型避暑气候纬度低、海拔高,太阳辐射较强;中东部山岳型避暑气候地势高、风速大,夏季舒适偏冷;环渤海低山丘陵型避暑气候地势低、湿度大,夏季舒适偏热且舒适度受海风影响明显;西北山地高原型避暑气候温度适宜、天气晴朗,但略显干燥;东北山地平原型避暑气候凉爽、风速不大、辐射不强、湿度适中,综合条件相对优越。从各类避暑型气候夏季人体感知温度的变化来看,环渤海低山丘陵型舒适期较短,其余类型舒适期相对较长,东北山地平原型和西北山地高原型人体感知温度曲线呈良好的单峰对称变化,其余类型大致呈单峰不对称形态。本文不仅丰富了避暑型气候研究的理论成果,而且也可为避暑型旅游资源的开发与规划提供科学依据,进一步指导人们的避暑旅游活动。 相似文献
14.
LI Shuheng FU Guanghe GUO Wei HE Huachun ZHANG Zhenke 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):62-72
Based on analysis of parameters of cores taken from Gaoyou Lake, including magnetic susceptibility, grain-size characteristics and sedimentary rate, environmental changes during the modern period were examined with the assistance of historical records and Gaoyou Lake water level materials. It is concluded that during the modern period a higher value of magnetic susceptibility and a lower sediment grain size coincided with a wet climate, while a lower value of magnetic susceptibility and a higher grain size were related with a dry climate. The results indicate that the climate in the 123 years period from 1880 to 2003AD can be divided into four stages： two low water level stages （1880-1915AD, 1948-1981AD） and two high water level stages （1915-1948AD, 1981-2003AD）. It appears that the regional climate generally underwent a dry-wet-dry-wet pattern in 30-year cycles. At present, it is at the end of a wet period, so the regional climate is expected to become dry in the near future. This conclusion corresponds with the climate records in the historical literature of the Gaoyou area, and it also matches with the climatic changes in North Jiangsu area. 相似文献
15.
中国土壤湿度的时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于中国155个农业气象观测站1981-2010年逐旬土壤湿度资料,分析了全国和12个气候区域0~50 cm逐层的土壤湿度时空分布规律,采用趋势分析和Cramér-von Mises（CVM）方法探究了土壤湿度的变化趋势及突变性。结果表明：西南、江淮、东北、江南、江汉、黄淮和华南地区各层土壤湿度均高于全国平均值,内蒙古地区最低;随着深度增加,西南地区土壤湿度增加最明显,仅青藏高原地区土壤湿度减小。不同区域0~50 cm各层土壤湿度年变化和季节变化差异明显,并具有阶段性特征,大部地区深层土壤湿度高于浅层;总体上,新疆、华南、华北、青藏高原、东北、黄淮地区1981-2010年土壤湿度减小趋势显著,其中新疆地区减小最为明显。除江淮地区外,各区域土壤湿度均存在较为明显的年际差异,突变时段主要集中在20世纪80年代后期至90年代初期、90年代后期两个时间段。 相似文献
16.
中国过去2000年气候变化的评估 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26
根据近20年中国在过去2000年气候变化研究领域的主要文献,对中国(特别是中国东部)过去2000年气候变化进行了综合评估。主要结论有：(1)在中国东部,虽然20世纪暖期的温暖程度非常明显,但至目前为止的研究结果显示,其温暖程度和波动幅度可能尚未超过过去两千年曾经出现过的最高水平。(2)中国东部降水同样存在数百年的趋势变化,且存在明显的区域差异,特别是华北与江南的低频变化趋势几乎相反。就东部地区的总体变化趋势而言：280′sAD以前,相对湿润;自280′SAD开始,逐渐变干;而至1230′SAD以后,则维持在一个相对较干的水平上。(3)中国西部的温度变化趋势与东部基本一致,但中世纪暖期与小冰期不如东部明显。(4)中世纪暖期,中国东部的华北地区相对干旱,江南则相对湿润;而在小冰期,华北地区则相对湿润,且整个东部地区的降水变率增大。 相似文献
17.
亚洲季风与中国干湿、农牧气候界线之关系 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
基于中国553个气象站点1958~2000年日降水量资料、北方295个气象站点同期(20(cm)蒸发皿资料,界定出半干旱区和农牧交错区各自的范围。利用东亚夏季风强度指数(1951~1995年)与印度夏季降水量(1951~1998年)资料, 分析了半干旱区和农牧交错区东南-西北界10年际空间变化与亚洲夏季风的关系。近50年中国干湿、农牧气候界线的动态变化是影响中国的季风环流强弱作用在空间上的实物表现, 季风环流的强弱变化控制着气候界线空间摆动的范围与方向, 其年代际变化是中国干湿、农牧气候界线呈现出年代际变化特征的根源。分析显示, 在现代情况下, 农牧气候界线位置的空间摆动主要反映人类生产活动强度的强弱差异, 人为因素起主导作用。 相似文献
18.
中国蓼科花粉类型的地理分布格局及其与生态因子的关系 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
从蓼科植物的孢粉类型角度,研究了中国蓼科花粉类型的地理分布格局及其与生态因子的关系。根据中国蓼科植物赖以生存的生态因子,得出中国蓼科花粉类型分布区的主要生态因子,包括地理位置(分布中心)、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境数量。在此基础上,根据同一区域内相同或相似的生态环境条件下分布的现代蓼科各种花粉类型,确定一定花粉类型组合所指示的现代气候和环境,为利用地层中蓼科化石花粉重建古气候、古环境及气候变迁提供了现代孢粉学证据。 相似文献
19.
1961- 2005 年中国霾日气候特征及变化分析 总被引：37，自引：1，他引：36
利用1961-2005 年中国霾日统计资料, 对中国霾的时空气候分布特征、变化趋势进行了详细分析, 并探讨了霾变化的可能原因及其与太阳总辐射、日照时数变化的关系。结果表明: 近45 年来, 中国年和四季霾日的空间分布特征均呈现东多西少的空间分布态势, 东部地区集中在三个多发区, 分别为长江中下游、华北和华南; 季节变化, 除东北地区、青藏高原、西北西部四季霾日均很少且变化不明显外, 其余大部分地区均呈现为冬季多, 夏季少, 春秋 季居中的特点。近45 年, 全国平均年霾日数呈现明显的增加趋势, 2004 年为最高值。我国东部大部地区主要呈现增加趋势, 尤其霾多发地区, 如长江中下游、珠江流域及河南西部等 地, 霾日增加幅度大, 趋势显著, 人类活动造成的大气污染物增加及天气气候变化是这些地区霾日呈现增加趋势的可能原因, 我国西部地区和东北大部地区则以减少趋势为主。华北、长江中下游地区、华南地区霾日变化趋势与日照时数变化趋势相反, 霾的增加是造成太阳总 辐射减少的主要原因之一。东北地区、西北地区、西南地区、青藏高原霾日变化和日照时数变化均呈现不明显的减少趋势, 但由于这些地区霾日发生少, 其变化不会对日照时数和太阳总辐射变化造成很大的影响。 相似文献
20.
By the Empirical Mode Decomposition method, we analyzed the observed monthly average temperature in more than 700 stations from 1951–2001 over China. Simultaneously, the temperature variability of each station is calculated by this method, and classification chart of long term trend and temperature variability distributing chart of China are obtained, supported by GIS, 1 km×1 km resolution. The results show that: in recent 50 years, the temperature has increased by more than 0.4℃/10a in most parts of northern China, while in Southwest China and the middle and lower Yangtze Valley, the increase is not significant. The areas with a negative temperature change rate are distributed sporadically in Southwest China. Meanwhile, the temperature data from 1881 to 2001 in nine study regions in China are also analyzed, indicating that in the past 100 years, the temperature has been increasing all the way in Northeast China, North China, South China, Northwest China and Xinjiang and declining in Southwest China. An inverse ‘V-shaped’ trend is also found in Central China. But in Tibet the change is less significant. 相似文献