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1.
利用江苏省大气环境监测站点的大气污染物监测数据,分析了2020年初新冠肺炎疫情管控期间(2—3月)主要大气污染物浓度的变化特征。结果显示,相比于2019、2020年疫情管控期间PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO浓度的全省平均降幅分别为37.5%、36.9%、31.9%、28.2%和21.2%。严格管控期的2月和生产恢复期的3月,江苏省十三市PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度同比降幅大致相当,呈现出较好的时间连续性和空间均匀性。但各市臭氧浓度同比变化呈现出较大的时空差异。空间上,沿江以南城市南京、无锡、常州、苏州和镇江五市臭氧浓度明显上升,而其他城市臭氧浓度以下降为主;时间上,2月南京等九市臭氧浓度上升,3月徐州等八市臭氧浓度持平或者下降。假设未发生新冠肺炎疫情以及未采取为阻断疫情蔓延而实施的种种举措,在仅考虑近年来大气污染防治政策持续实施的情况下,与预期降幅相比,疫情管控对NO_(2)实况浓度降幅的影响最大,其次是PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)。  相似文献   

2.
基于美国宇航局NASA/AURA卫星臭氧监测仪OMI数据,分析了2005—2014年长三角地区及其典型城市对流层O_3、NO_2柱浓度和HCHO大气总柱浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明:10 a间,长三角地区对流层O_3柱浓度和HCHO总柱浓度呈现增长趋势,O_3增量为0.23ppbv/10 a,HCHO增量为0.07×10~(16) mol/(cm~2·10 a),对流层NO_2柱浓度呈现降低趋势,减量为0.06×10~(15)mol/(cm~2·10 a);长三角地区对流层O_3柱浓度最大值出现在3、4、5月,而对流层NO_2柱浓度最大值出现在1、12月,HCHO总柱浓度最大值出现在6、7月;对流层O_3柱浓度的高值区分布在长三角中部、北部区域,对流层NO_2柱浓度高值区分布于长三角中部,HCHO总柱浓度高值区相对分散,且四季的分布各不相同。O_3与NO_2和HCHO在时间和空间上呈现一定的相关性。  相似文献   

3.
利用2015年黄石市5个监测站点可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)的在线监测数据和风向、风速、气温、气压等常规地面气象要素观测资料,分析了黄石市大气PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度水平分布特征及其与气象参数的关系。结果表明:2015年黄石市5个监测站点大气PM10和PM2.5年均浓度范围分别为95.8—108.6μg·m^-3和64.3—68.9μg·m^-3,均超过国家二级标准;季均质量浓度呈现显著的冬季高夏季低的变化规律,冬季PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度分别为(143.9±62.2)μg·m^-3和(95.5±44.5)μg·m^-3,夏季PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度分别为(75.2±24.0)μg·m^-3和(50.7±17.3)μg·m^-3。5个监测站中,下陆区、西塞山区和铁山区的PM10和PM2.5颗粒物污染较为严重;各站点大气PM10和PM2.5质量浓度显著相关。大气颗粒物浓度与气象因素的分析显示,黄石市大气颗粒物浓度与气温呈显著的负相关关系,与气压呈正相关关系,与风速和相对湿度的相关性不显著,受风向影响变化较大。  相似文献   

4.
利用2014—2016年的中国气象局地面观测资料和中国环境保护部公布的6种大气污染物浓度数据,对降雨天气前后的大气污染物浓度变化进行分析。结果表明:在京津冀、长三角和珠三角区域,降雨天气后6种大气污染物浓度降低的时次约占43%—60%,其中PM_(10)浓度降低最为明显,PM_(2.5)、O_3、SO_2和NO_2次之,最不明显的是CO。一般而言,降水天气前大气污染物浓度越高,降雨后浓度降低的时次所占比例越大,浓度降低值也越大,但当降雨天气前大气污染物浓度较低时,降雨天气后浓度升高的个例也很多,约占21%—61%。京津冀地区由于平均大气污染物浓度较高,降水天气对大气污染浓度的降低效果比长三角和珠三角地区更明显。对于大多数降雨时次,小时降水量越大,大气污染物浓度降低的时次所占比例越大,但浓度降低值反而越小。例外的是,小时雨强大于10 mm的降雨后,京津冀地区的O_3和SO_2浓度以及长三角地区的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度降低程度不如小时雨强小于10 mm时;而珠三角地区的NO_2和O_3在降雨后的浓度变化对小时雨强不敏感。在京津冀地区,降雨天气对较大浓度的O_3清除作用非常明显。在长三角和珠三角地区,降雨前CO浓度较低时,降雨后浓度升高时次比浓度减小的多;另外,降雨天气对SO_2的清除作用非常明显。  相似文献   

5.
利用多源观测资料综合分析了2015年11月沈阳地区一次PM2.5 重污染天气的气象条件、垂直风场演变、大气边界层特征以及污染物的来源。结果表明:本次重污染过程中,沈阳市区PM2.5浓度长达81h超过250μg · m^-3 ,其中峰值浓度达到1287μg · m^-3 ,重污染期间PM2.5 /PM10 的比例最高为90%。受地面倒槽和黄淮气旋影响,近地面层持续存在的逆温层、高相对湿度和弱偏北风为颗粒物吸湿增长和长时间聚集提供有利的天气条件。风廓线雷达风场资料显示在重污染期间,近地面层存在弱风速区、凌乱风场和弱下沉气流。利用风廓线雷达资料计算了边界层通风量(Ventilation Index,VI)和局地环流指数(Recirculation,R),边界层通风量VI和PM2.5 存在明显的负相关,非污染日VI是重污染日的2倍,局地环流指数R在重污染天气前大于0.9,而在污染期间部分空间R小于0.8。通过后向轨迹模式和火点监测资料分析发现,沈阳上空300m高度气团来自于生物质燃烧区域,而且沈阳地区NO2和CO浓度的变化与PM2.5一致,说明本次重污染过程也可能和生物质燃烧有关。  相似文献   

6.
为了解2021年南京市新冠疫情期间城市大气污染物浓度的变化和成因,利用南京大学SORPES站点2021年7月1日—2021年8月30日大气污染物在线监测数据,分析疫情前、中、后颗粒物及气态污染物的浓度变化,针对臭氧(O3)的关键前体物,挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)采用正定矩阵因子分解法模型(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)、拉格朗日粒子输送与扩散模型(Lagrangian Particle Distribution M odel,LPDM)分析其污染来源。结果表明:疫情封闭期间,南京市PM2.5质量浓度较疫情前降低了40%~50%,组分中硝酸盐、有机物质量浓度降幅最为显著,分别下降了34.0%和16.5%。臭氧体积浓度不降反升,城中区域增幅最显著站点可达50%左右。其气态前体物氮氧化物(NOx)及VOCs浓度变化呈相反态势,分别较疫情前降低28%、升高49.6%。模型及卫星遥感结果表明,疫情期间南京市臭氧属于协同偏VOCs控制区。气团溯...  相似文献   

7.
重度灰霾(或重霾)条件下,大气气溶胶颗粒物显著衰减到达地表的太阳紫外辐射,对臭氧O3光化学过程形成产生重要影响。通过对2013年12月1-10日发生在长三角地区的一次重霾过程进行详尽分析,结合对流层紫外和可见光模型(TUV)及NCAR箱式模型(MM),探讨气溶胶辐射效应对地面臭氧形成和浓度峰值的影响。研究表明,区域输送、稳定边界层累积和二次气溶胶过程等是导致本次重霾发生的主要原因;重霾条件下,臭氧光化学反应明显减弱,臭氧日峰值明显降低,但光化学反应仍缓慢进行;受各种因素如区域输送、边界层累积效应及二次气溶胶等过程影响,臭氧浓度随细颗粒物PM10浓度升高而缓慢上升。TUV和MM模拟结果与观测吻合较好,模拟结果进一步显示,当气溶胶光学厚度AOD由0.8增加到2.0时,到达地表的紫外辐射衰减63%,地面臭氧峰值浓度降低近83%,表明随着灰霾污染加重,近地层臭氧浓度有所降低。  相似文献   

8.
为研究2012年6月6—15日华东农田秸秆燃烧对江苏省常州市大气环境的可能影响,利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)火点探测数据、气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据、臭氧监测仪(OMI)的二氧化氮(NO2)柱含量密度、大气红外探空仪(AIRS)的一氧化碳(CO)柱含量密度和地面监测的PM_(2.5)、NO_2、CO浓度等数据,结合天气形势和后向轨迹分析的方法进行了系统的分析。监测数据表明:华东地区2012年6月火点数目分别在9日和13日出现高值,分别达到1714和1654个;AOD、NO_2柱含量密度、CO柱含量密度与火点的变化趋势大致相同。利用HYSPLIT前向轨迹模式和火点分布可知:到达常州的高低空气流均经过火点源区时,地面和大气柱污染物浓度发生显著的协同变化;而当到达常州的高低空气流传输轨迹不同时,地面和大气柱污染物浓度变化趋势不一致。本次常州地区污染事件主要是由山西、河北、河南、山东、安徽、江苏北部的秸秆燃烧排放的大气污染物经大气高空传输扩散所致。  相似文献   

9.
2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM2.5理化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
2010年在代表长三角区域背景地区的浙江省临安区域大气本底站开展了对大气细粒子PM2.5为期1年的地面观测,并对细粒子中水溶性离子和碳组分的季节变化特征进行了分析。临安2010年大气中PM2.5质量浓度平均为 (58.2±50.8) μg·m-3,PM2.5质量浓度季节变化明显。利用HYSPLIT4模式计算了2010年临安72 h后向轨迹,根据轨迹计算与聚类结果,结合地面观测的PM2.5数据进行了分析。研究表明:临安地区因受到长江三角洲区域及偏北气流引起的污染传输影响,呈现出高细粒子水平特征。PM2.5中总水溶性离子年平均质量浓度为 (28.5±17.7) μg·m-3,占PM2.5质量浓度的47%。其中,气溶胶组分SO42-,NO3-和NH4+所占比例最大,共占总水溶性离子的69%。PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的年平均质量浓度分别为 (10.1±6.7) μg·m-3和 (2.4±1.8) μg·m-3。有机碳和元素碳质量浓度显著相关,表明有机碳和元素碳主要来自相同的排放源。  相似文献   

10.
沈阳地区对流层顶气候特征分析   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
对1977~1992年1,4,7,10月沈阳第一和第二对流层顶月平均高度和温度数据进行分析。结果表明:沈阳是以第一对流层顶为主的地区,第二对流层顶只有夏季发生频率较高;第一对流层顶的高度、温度以及出现频率都表现出明显的季节变化特征,其中高度在1月最低,7月最高;温度在3月最低,8月最高。第二对流层顶高度的季节变化表现为冬春季高、夏秋季低。温度表现为冬季高,夏季低。第一对流层顶在各个月份温度都随高度增高而降低,降幅1月最小,7月最大,4月和10月居中。第二对流层顶温度随高度变化只在7月显著递减;第一对流层顶高度在10月显著降低,降幅为453m/10a,其他月份变化趋势不明显。第一对流层顶在7月显著降温,降幅为1·8℃/10a,10月增温显著,升幅为2·0℃/10a。第二对流层顶高度在不同月份都表现出弱升高趋势,但不显著。1月和10月的降温和升温显著,降幅和升幅分别为1·7℃/10a和1·2℃/10a。  相似文献   

11.
Estimating the impacts on PM2.5pollution and CO2emissions by human activities in different urban regions is important for developing efficient policies.In early 2020,China implemented a lockdown policy to contain the spread of COVID-19,resulting in a significant reduction of human activities.This event presents a convenient opportunity to study the impact of human activities in the transportation and industrial sectors on air pollution.Here,we investigate the variations in air quality attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown policy in the megacities of China by combining in-situ environmental and meteorological datasets,the Suomi-NPP/VIIRS and the CO2emissions from the Carbon Monitor project.Our study shows that PM2.5concentrations in the spring of 2020 decreased by 41.87%in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)and 43.30%in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),respectively,owing to the significant shutdown of traffic and manufacturing industries.However,PM2.5concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region only decreased by 2.01%because the energy and steel industries were not fully paused.In addition,unfavorable weather conditions contributed to further increases in the PM2.5concentration.Furthermore,CO2concentrations were not significantly affected in China during the short-term emission reduction,despite a 19.52%reduction in CO2emissions compared to the same period in 2019.Our results suggest that concerted efforts from different emission sectors and effective long-term emission reduction strategies are necessary to control air pollution and CO2emissions.  相似文献   

12.
对中国中东部3个区域大气本底观测站2015年12月—2017年12月PM10质量浓度及其化学成分空间分布与季节变化特征进行研究,结果显示:研究期间龙凤山站、临安站和金沙站平均PM10质量浓度分别为57.5,62.2 μg·m-3和57.6 μg·m-3。其中临安站和金沙站2017年PM10质量浓度较2016年有所下降,但龙凤山站有所上升。与2013年相比,临安站和金沙站平均PM10质量浓度分别降低29.3%和26.2%。临安站SO42-,NO3-和NH4+平均质量浓度分别为9.9,8.2 μg·m-3和3.7 μg·m-3,金沙站分别为10.2,6.7 μg·m-3和2.6 μg·m-3,均高于龙凤山站的5.9,4.9 μg·m-3和2.1 μg·m-3,其中龙凤山站和临安站的NO3-与SO42-质量浓度比值较高(0.9和0.8),金沙站较低(0.6)。龙凤山站的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)质量浓度分别为10.1 μg·m-3和2.7 μg·m-3,临安站为6.7 μg·m-3和3.1 μg·m-3,金沙站为4.7 μg·m-3和2.3 μg·m-3,即龙凤山站OC最高,金沙站最低,3个站点的EC基本相当,临安站略高。与2013年相比,研究期间临安站SO42-,NH4+和OC分别下降38.1%,26.0%和55.6%,金沙站分别下降46.3%,51.9%和44.7%,但临安站和金沙站的NO3-分别上升12.3%和15.5%;临安站EC下降27.9%,金沙站EC上升4.5%。3个站点夏季PM10,NO3-,EC质量浓度及NO3-与SO42-质量浓度比值均最低。  相似文献   

13.
传统的空气质量模型多使用简化的光化学反应机制来模拟大气污染物的形成.这些机制主要基于烟雾箱实验拟合的反应速率和产物来模拟二次产物(如臭氧(O3))前体物的氧化反应,具有一定的不确定性,导致模拟结果产生偏差.针对该问题,本研究将详细的大气化学机理(MCMv3.3.1)与美国国家环境保护局研制的第三代空气质量预报和评估系统CMAQ相结合(CMAQ-MCM),模拟研究长三角地区2015年8月27—9月5日臭氧高发时段的空气质量.CMAQ-MCM模型可以较好地模拟长三角地区6个代表城市O3和其前体物随时间的变化趋势.对模拟的O3日最大8 h平均浓度的统计分析表明,徐州表现最好(标准平均误差=-0.15,标准平均偏差=0.23).在长三角地区,居民源对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的贡献最大,占39.08%,其次是交通运输(33.25%)和工业(25.56%).能源对总VOCs的贡献最小,约为2.11%.对活性氧化氮(NOy)的分析表明,其主要组分是NOx(80%),其次是硝酸(HNO3)(<10%).O3的空间分布与NOy和NOx非常相似.HCHO等其他氧化产物的分布与NOx相似,这很可能是由于在高NOx条件下VOCs氧化产生的产物.甲基乙烯基酮(MVK)和甲基丙烯醛(MACR)的空间分布与自然源VOCs (BVOCs)非常相似,表明长三角地区MVK和MACR主要由BVOCs氧化生成.长三角地区受到人为源和自然源排放相互作用的影响.  相似文献   

14.
Using the global chemistry and transport model MOZART,the simulated distributions of tropospheric hydroxyl free radicals(OH) over China and its sensitivities to global emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO x),and methane(CH 4) were investigated in this study.Due to various distributions of OH sources and sinks,the concentrations of tropospheric OH in east China are much greater than in west China.The contribution of NO + perhydroxyl radical(HO 2) reaction to OH production in east China is more pronounced than that in west China,and because of the higher reaction activity of non-methane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs),the contributions to OH loss by NMVOCs exceed those of CO and take the dominant position in summer.The results of the sensitivity runs show a significant increase of tropospheric OH in east China from 1990 to 2000,and the trend continues.The positive effect of double emissions of NO x on OH is partly offset by the contrary effect of increased CO and CH 4 emissions:the double emissions of NO x will cause an increase of OH of 18.1%-30.1%,while the increases of CO and CH 4 will cause a decrease of OH of 12.2%-20.8% and 0.3%-3.0%,respectively.In turn,the lifetimes of CH 4,CO,and NO x will increase by 0.3%-3.1% with regard to double emissions of CH 4,13.9%-26.3% to double emissions of CO and decrease by 15.3%-23.2% to double emissions of NO x.  相似文献   

15.
The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) has experienced significant urban expansion in recent years, while the Meiyu belt of China has demonstrated a decadal northward shifting trend. Thus, it is of interest to assess how urban expansion affects Meiyu precipitation and hopefully to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms involved. In this study, the urban extents over the YRD in 2001 and 2010 are derived based on land use/land cover(LULC) category data and nighttime light image data. Two parallel groups of10-summer(2001–2010) numerical simulations are carried out with the urban extents over the YRD in2001 and 2010, respectively. The results show that the urban expansion in the YRD tends to result in increased(decreased) Meiyu precipitation over the Huaihe River(Yangtze River) basin with intensities of0.2–1.2 mm day-1. Further analysis indicates that the spatiotemporal pattern of the Meiyu precipitation change induced by the urban expansion resembles the third empirical orthogonal function(EOF) mode of the observed Meiyu precipitation. Analyses of the possible underlying physical mechanisms reveal that urban expansion in the YRD leads to changes in the surface energy balance and warming(cooling) of tropospheric(stratospheric) air temperature over eastern China. Anomalous upward(downward) motion and moisture convergence(divergence) over the Huaihe River(Yangtze River) basin occur, corresponding to the increases(decreases) of the Meiyu precipitation over the Huaihe River(Yangtze River) basin.  相似文献   

16.
Methane (CH4) emissions estimated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inventory method at the city and regional scale are subject to large uncertainties.In this study,we determined the CH4:CO2 emissions ratio for both Nanjing and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD),using the atmospheric CH4 and CO2 concentrations measured at a suburban site in Nanjing in the winter.The atmospheric estimate of the CH4:CO2 emissions ratio was in reasonable agreement with that calculated using the IPCC method for the YRD (within 20%),but was 200% greater for the municipality of Nanjing.The most likely reason for the discrepancy is that emissions from unmanaged landfills are omitted from the official statistics on garbage production.  相似文献   

17.
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China’s main cultural and economic center, has become one of the most seriously polluted areas in the world with respect to nitrogen oxides (NOx), owing to its rapid industrialization and urbanization, as well as substantial coal consumption. On the basis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) density data from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and ground-based observations, the effects of industrial fluctuations due to the financial crisis on local NO2 pollution were quantitatively assessed. The results were as follows. (1) A distinct V-shaped fluctuation of major industrial products, thermal generating capacity, electricity consumption, and tropospheric NO2 densities was associated with the global financial crisis from May 2007 to December 2009, with the largest anomalies 1.5 times more than standard deviations at the height of the crisis period from November 2008 to February 2009. (2) Among all industrial sectors, thermal power plants were mainly responsible for fluctuations in local NO2 pollution during the crisis period. Thermal generating capacity had its greatest decrease of 12.10% at the height of the crisis compared with that during November 2007–February 2008, leading to local tropospheric NO2 density decreasing by 16.97%. As the crisis appeased, thermal generating capacity increased by 29.63% from November 2009 to February 2010, and tropospheric NO2 densities correspondingly increased by 30.07%. (3) Among all industrial sectors in the YRD, the thermal power sector has the greatest coal consumption of about 65.96%. A decline in thermal power of about 10% can induce a decrease of about 30% in NOx emissions and NO2 densities, meaning that a relative small fluctuation in industrial production can lead to a large decrease in tropospheric NO2 densities over industrially developed areas like the YRD region. Since electricity is mainly obtained from local coal-burning thermal plants without NOx-processing equipment, installing NOx-removal devices for all thermal power plants is an important and feasible way of controlling local NOx pollution at present.  相似文献   

18.
Developed regions of the world represent a major atmospheric methane(CH_4) source, but these regional emissions remain poorly constrained. The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region of China is densely populated(about 16% of China's total population) and consists of large anthropogenic and natural CH_4 sources. Here, atmospheric CH_4 concentrations measured at a 70-m tall tower in the YRD are combined with a scale factor Bayesian inverse(SFBI) modeling approach to constrain seasonal variations in CH_4 emissions. Results indicate that in 2018 agricultural soils(AGS, rice production) were the main driver of seasonal variability in atmospheric CH_4 concentration. There was an underestimation of emissions from AGS in the a priori inventories(EDGAR—Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 or v50), especially during the growing seasons. Posteriori CH_4 emissions from AGS accounted for 39%(4.58 Tg, EDGAR v432) to 47%(5.21 Tg, EDGAR v50) of the total CH_4 emissions. The posteriori natural emissions(including wetlands and water bodies) were1.21 Tg and 1.06 Tg, accounting for 10.1%(EDGAR v432) and 9.5%(EDGAR v50) of total emissions in the YRD in2018. Results show that the dominant factor for seasonal variations in atmospheric concentration in the YRD was AGS,followed by natural sources. In summer, AGS contributed 42%(EDGAR v432) to 64%(EDGAR v50) of the CH_4 concentration enhancement while natural sources only contributed about 10%(EDGAR v50) to 15%(EDGAR v432). In addition, the newer version of the EDGAR product(EDGAR v50) provided more reasonable seasonal distribution of CH_4 emissions from rice cultivation than the old version(EDGAR v432).  相似文献   

19.
基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1%-51.8%;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...  相似文献   

20.
我国霾和光化学污染观测研究进展   总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
霾和光化学污染已成为我国最严重的环境气象灾害,受到政府和公众广泛关注。针对我国的环境气象问题,国内外科研人员开展了大量研究工作,发表了一系列的研究成果。该文对近年来我国霾和光化学污染的观测、分析和影响研究方面的文献进行综述,为将来相关研究提供基础。在霾污染方面,主要回顾了霾的现象与判别、组成与来源、影响霾的气象因素、霾的长期趋势等方面的研究进展。在光化学污染方面,主要回顾了污染的特征与水平、污染的区域化、臭氧垂直分布、地面臭氧影响因素、臭氧污染发展趋势等方面的研究进展。此外,还概括了霾和光化学污染危害研究主要成果,在文献综述的基础上,提出了未来研究中值得关注的几方面问题,包括进一步加强霾和雾的科学判识方法、污染物相互作用、污染-气象-化学-生态间耦合效应研究,特别关注光化学污染发展态势,加强长期观测资料的积累、分析与应用等。  相似文献   

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