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1.
Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature (10 ℃). The growth rhythm persisted for 4 d in constant light with a free-running period of 25.6 h. Egg release from filamentous gametophytes pre-cultured in the light-dark regime was evaluated for six consecutive days at fixed time intervals in constant white light and 12 h light per day. Egg release rhythm persisted for 3 d in both regimes, indicating the endogenous nature. Temporal scale of egg release and gametogenesis in 18, 16, 12 and 8 h light per day were evaluated respectively using vegetatively propagated filamentous gametophytes. Egg release occurred 2 h after the onset of dark phase and peaked at midnight. Evaluation of the rates of oogonium formation, egg release or fertilization revealed no significant differences in four light-dark regimes, indicating the great plasticity of sexual reproduction. No photoperiodic effect in gametogenesis in terms of oogonium formation and egg release was found, but fertilization in short days was significantly higher than in long days. Results of this investigation further confirmed the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in intertidal seaweed species. 相似文献
2.
A. A. Fincham 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):655-662
The tidal swimming rhythm of the New Zealand rocky shore isopod Exosphaeroma obtusum (Dana) is described. Peak swimming was on the ebb tide about 2.5 h after high water; the peak in the dark period was 6–8 times greater in amplitude than the daytime peak. Positive thigmotaxis was shown at all other times. The rhythm period in continuous darkness (free‐running period) was greater than tidal periodicity, and there was a semi‐lunar swimming pattern with peaks at the first and third quarters of the moon. Rheotropic experiments showed that changes in water flow did not initiate the swimming rhythm. The work was compared with the infaunal species Pseudaega punctala and the northern Eurydice pulchra. It was concluded that infaunal species rely more on endogenous control of the swimming rhythm because of their isolation, when buried, from exogenous Zeitgeber. 相似文献
3.
三疣梭子蟹对饵料鱼和蛤摄食参数的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究体重为(9.20±1.50)g的三疣梭子蟹在分别投喂饵料鱼和兰蛤及有无沙底质条件下的昼夜摄食节律、摄食率和昼夜摄食量的差异.结果表明:投喂兰蛤组的三疣梭子蟹摄食高峰在20:00左右,投喂饵料鱼组三疣梭子蟹的摄食高峰在02:00左右;沙底质条件下三疣梭子蟹的夜晚摄食量占全天摄食量的94.34%,而无底质组为75%,表明在潜底环境条件下三疣梭子蟹具有更明显的昼夜摄食节律;投喂兰蛤组三疣梭子蟹黑夜摄食量比值显著高于白天,分别为75%和25%,而投喂鱼组黑夜摄食量比值仅略高于白天,分别为59.21%和40.79%.此外,投喂鱼组白昼摄食率可达80%,显著高于投喂兰蛤组的10%,表明投喂鱼饵料有利于三疣梭子蟹的白昼进食.根据昼夜摄食量对比分析,建议采用白昼投喂占总投喂量20%～30%的鱼肉以降低蜕皮残食,夜晚投喂70%～80%的兰蛤的投喂策略促其生长,并减少梭子蟹的残食. 相似文献
4.
于1989年1月—1989年8月采用连续培养和半连续培养方法进行了伪矮海链藻细胞分裂、叶绿素α含量和活体荧光特性与光、营养盐关系的研究。结果表明,细胞分裂、活体荧光、叶绿素α均呈现光照期的增长速率明显高于黑暗期的增长速率的日变化规律,荧光增强比则在光照期开始后或黑暗期结束时出现最高值;光强和营养盐不仅影响各指标日变化的幅度,而且还可改变荧光增强比峰值出现时间。因此,在研究细胞分裂、叶绿素α和荧光特性的昼夜节律时,必须考虑光和营养盐这两个重要因素。 相似文献
5.
6.
于1989年1月 - 1989年8月采用连续培养和半连续培养方法进行了伪矮海链藻细胞分裂、叶绿素a含量和活体荧光特性与光、营养盐关系的研究。结果表明,细胞分裂、活体荧光、叶绿素a均呈现光照期的增长速率明显高于黑暗期的增长速率的日变化规律,荧光增强比则在光照期开始后或黑暗期结束时出现最高值;光强和营养盐不仅影响各指标日变化的幅度,而且还可改变荧光增强比峰值出现时间。因此,在研究细胞分裂、叶绿素a和荧光特性的昼夜节律时,必须考虑光和营养盐这两个重要因素。 相似文献
7.
Lake Manapouri in the South Island of New Zealand has a significant hydroelectric generation facility, which potentially has a negative impact on the successful emigration of longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) from the upper Waiau catchment. Consequently, a trap-and-transfer programme has been implemented to allow silver (migratory) eels access to the sea. The present study analysed data on the timing of captures and numbers of silver eels over four seasons, including the influence of possible migration cues. Silver eels were captured over an extended season of seven months (November–May), with peak numbers during December and January. Flow at the lake outflow was found to have a weak relationship with the number of eels caught, as did lake level, but moon phase and rainfall had no significant effect. These results highlight the variability in silver longfin eel behaviour both in terms of timing and response to potential environmental cues. 相似文献
8.
In order to examine the ecological risks caused by organotin compounds (OTs) in diadromous fish migrating between sea and freshwaters, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds and their breakdown products were determined in the catadromous eel Anguilla japonica, which has sea, estuarine and river life histories, collected in Japanese sea, brackish and freshwaters within the same region. Ontogenic changes in otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined along the life history transect to discriminate the migration type. There were generally three different patterns, which were categorized as ‘sea eels’, ‘estuarine eels’ and ‘river eels’ according to the otolith Sr:Ca ratio. The concentrations of TBT in silver eels (mature eels) were significantly higher than that in yellow eels (immature eels), and the percentages of TBT were also higher in silver eels than in yellow eels. A positive correlation was found between TBT concentration and the gonad-somatic index (GSI). It is thus considered that silver eels have a higher risk of contamination by TBT than yellow eels. TBT and TPT concentrations in sea eels were significantly higher than those in river eels, while no significant differences were observed in TBT and TPT concentrations in estuarine eels compared to sea and river eels. These results suggest that sea eels have a higher ecological risk of OT contamination than river eels during their life history, and the risk of OTs in estuarine eels is considered to be intermediate between that of sea and river eels. Positive linear relationships were found between Sr:Ca ratios and the concentrations of TBT and TPT. Therefore, these results suggest that the ecological risk of OTs increase as the sea residence period in the eel becomes longer. TBT and TPT concentrations in sea eels were significantly higher than those in river eels even at the same growth stage. Thus, it is clear that migratory type is the most important factor for OT accumulation during the life history. 相似文献
9.
The circadian clock is a fundamental endogenous mechanism of adaptation that coordinates the physiology and behavior of most organisms with diel variations in the external environment to maintain temporal homeostasis. Diatoms are the major primary producers in the ocean. However, little is known about the circadian clock in marine diatoms compared with other organisms. Here, we investigated circadian clock genes, their expression patterns, and responses to environmental stimuli such as light, nitrogen and phosphorus in two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, using a combination of qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis. We identified 17 and 18 circadian clock genes in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. Despite significant evolutionary differences, these genes were similar to those of the higher plant Arabidopsis. We also established a molecular model for the marine diatom circadian clock comprising an input pathway, core oscillator, output pathway, and valve effector. Notably, the expression patterns of core clock genes (circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1), late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) and timing of cab 1 (TOC1)) in both species differed from those of terrestrial plants. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was influenced by variations in ambient light, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Although marine diatoms and higher plants share common circadian clock components, their clock genes have diverged throughout evolution, likely as a result of adapting to contrasting environments. 相似文献
10.
J. Aguzzi J. Sanchez-Pardo J.A. García F. Sard 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(10):1894-1905
Few studies have been conducted to quantify and understand the role of melatonin in invertebrates, and particularly in crustaceans and in deep-sea animals. In this study, we examined day–night differences in haemolymph melatonin of the burrowing decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (L.) during exposure to cycles of monochromatic blue light (480 nm) and darkness cycles of 10 and 0.1 lx. These differential intensity conditions simulate illumination at the depth of the shelf (80–100 m) and of the slope (300–400 m), where these lobster populations are chiefly found in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Our objectives were: (a) to verify the presence of melatonin in the haemolymph of this species using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and fluorescence HPLC (HPLC); and (b) to study the relationship between diel variations in melatonin concentration and locomotor rhythms, in order to examine whether the former influences behaviour. Melatonin was identified in LC–MS/MS by Q1 and Q3 mass peaks at an elution time of 3.7 min, and it was also detected by HPLC. Melatonin concentration was found to be two orders of magnitude higher at 10 lx (4.8±5.3 ng ml−1) than at 0.1 lx (0.06±0.03 ng ml−1). Also, the increase at daytime in 10 lx was absent in 0.1 lx. When the locomotor rhythm of animals exposed to both photoperiod regimes was compared, the diel periodicity was found to be preserved, but the timing of activity shifted from night to day. Extrapolating these data to the field, we interpret our results to mean that locomotor activity preserves its diel character, but not its phase and amplitude, in a bathymetric range where haemolymph melatonin reduces its concentration and rhythmic fluctuation. 相似文献
11.
Mark F. Bautista 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(4):369-377
Diurnal and diel rates of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) were measured in an intertidal marine mat community consisting of Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Lyngbya aestuarii, and an underlying layer of anaerobic bacteria (probably photosynthetic, fermentative, and sulfate reducing bacteria). The community is located on Shackleford Banks, a barrier island off the coast of North Carolina. Rates of nitrogenase activity during the diurnal period were generally highest in the morning. Rates measured during the day, but incubated in the dark, at times equalled those of samples incubated continuously in the light. Fixation also occurred at night. Mat samples deprived of light prior to the acetylene reduction assay continued to reduce acetylene during the night and into the following day, although at lower rates than samples exposed to light. The persistence of dark nitrogenase activity serves as evidence that reducing power initially generated through photosynthesis can be stored and subsequently utilized through heterotrophic metabolism. Although cyanobacteria are responsible for light-mediated nitrogenase activity, non-photosynthetic bacterial contributions to dark-mediated nitrogenase activity cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
12.
日本鳗鲡补充群体的日龄、全长、出生时间及耳石生长的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在中国大陆沿岸6个取样床搜集了日本鳗鲡白仔鳗,191尾用于长度测定,112尾鉴定了日龄及测定了耳石半径,近中心核的标记轮直径、耳石生长轮的宽度.补充群体长度平均值从(53.4±2.2)mm到(58.1±1.7)mm,长度与补充群体的地理分布之间无内在联系.补充群体日龄从(138.2±6.7)d至(155.2±9.0)d,长江口和温州地区补充群的日龄最低,以此为中心,向高纬度和低纬度走向分布,补充群的日龄都逐渐增大,补充群出生时间从1993年8月15日至1994年1月10日.低纬度的群体补充的时间早,其出生时间也早.纬度越高,补充的时间越迟,出生时间也晚.补充群耳石半径平均值从(142.5±8.4)μm至(155.8±14.5)μm,具有显着性差异(p<0.01).标记轮直径从(10.36±0.85)μm至(10.81±1.26)μm,其差异不具显著性(p>1.01).耳石生长轮平均宽度为(0.996-1.097) μm,其差异具有显著性(p<0.01),生长轮平均宽度以温州和长江口群体最大,以此为中心,向高纬度和低纬度分布的补充群的平均值分别逐渐减小.补充群耳石从中心至边缘生长轮宽度变化的共同点是在第90轮处平均宽度值最高. 相似文献
13.
In order to understand the metal concentrations in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, nine elements were analyzed in the livers of different migratory types of eels collected from Tokushima region (south Japan). Migratory types were defined by examining the Sr:Ca ratio in otoliths. The results showed that there were significant differences in V, Cr, Cd, and Pb concentrations among the migratory types. Mature-sea-eels show a higher risk of metal accumulation than other migratory types of eels, and the concentrations of Mn, Cu, and Zn in mature eels were significantly higher than those in immature eels. The study suggests that the eel liver is a valuable bioindicator for trace metals; however, when using the eel as a bioindicator to reveal the pollutants in aquatic systems, life history analysis should be carried out for accurate interpretation of the results. 相似文献
14.
不同品系条斑紫菜光合效率比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用叶绿素荧光仪测试了7个品系紫菜叶状体在不同光照和温度条件下的光合效率,分析了受强光抑制后光合效率恢复的情况,并测试了这些品系的光合色素含量。结果显示,随着光照强度从20μmol.m-2.s-1提高到1 200μmol.m-2.s-1,总的趋势是光合效率逐渐降低,但下降幅度在不同品系间又有差异:相比20μmol.m-2.s-1光照下条件下光合效率,Yjs在1 200μmol.m-2.s-1时的光合效率下降了27%,Yw下降了33%,Gm下降了53%,Yqd下降了50%。在120μmol.m-2.s-1光照条件,5~20℃实验范围内,15~20℃条件下光合效率最高,除Yh2和Wjs,其它品系叶状体均在15℃达到顶峰,Yh2和Wjs则在20℃达到顶峰。在受到高光抑制(200μmol.m-2.s-1)后,处于光照60μmol.m-2.s-1,温度12℃条件下紫菜光合效率可在30~60 min内恢复。未发现光合色素含量与光合效率的相关性。文章还对紫菜光合效率与生态条件的关系进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
15.
Michele V. Blackburn Fiona Hannah Andrew Rogerson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):519-526
During the period January to December 2004, monthly intertidal sand samples were collected from John U. Lloyd State Park beach, Florida. This study is the first to report on spatial and temporal distributions of heterotrophic (apochlorotic) diatoms in a sub-tropical beach, or indeed any sandy beach. Two non-pigmented, apochlorotic diatom morphotypes (strains III and IV) were consistently isolated from two intertidal beach sites and neither conformed to the morphologies of described species. Apochlorotic diatoms were found throughout the year and formed significant peaks in April, attaining total diatom counts of 71.1 and 94.9 cells g−1 wet sand, for the upper tidal zone and lower tidal zone, respectively. Valve morphology is described in detail for the two diatom morphotypes isolated from the beach sites (strains III and IV). Growth responses to changes in salinity (reflecting those of the intertidal zone) were examined in the laboratory for these diatoms. Both morphotypes were euryhaline, tolerating salinities between 10 and 50, and maximum growth rates were achieved at salinities between 20 and 40. Diatoms grew equally well whether grown in the light or the dark and showed no evidence of pigments when viewed by epifluorescence microscopy. The ability of diatoms to burrow into agar and carrageenan at different concentrations was tested. Both morphotypes were observed to develop burrows through non-nutrient agar up to twice the standard concentration (30 g agar l−1). The ease with which these heterotrophic diatoms formed burrows suggests that they were digesting these complex carbohydrates (i.e. phycocolloids) as a nutrient source. Strain IV, however, failed to burrow in a different phycocolloid, carrageenan. Similar degradative actions in the field might have implications for the breakdown of recalcitrant materials or allow diatoms to effectively compete with bacteria for carbon and nutrients. 相似文献
16.
The vertical migration of diatoms in mud-flats was studied in littoral of Xibian, Longhai County and Xiao'ao, Lianjiang County, the dominant species being Gyrosigma spencerii and Hantzschia virgata respectively. Both light and tide are important factors affecting the vertical migration of diatoms. With the advent of tide, the diatom community disappears from the surface. It reappears gradually when exposed to light. In the dark, the diatoms never appear in great quantity on the surface in laboratory or in littoral. Whether in the light or in the dark, the diatoms aggregate in maximum numbers in the upper 2 mm of the sediment. But when the tide has covered the sediments for 4 hr, Hantz. virgata penetrates the mud down to a depth of 14 mm, Gy. spencerii, 12 mm. We have found that Gy. spencerii posseses phototaxis, but no tide rhythm and no day-night rhythm in our laboratory. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. The contraction behaviour of the sand-dwelling sea anemone Halcampoides purpurea var. mediterranea was observed in situ in a cave of the Penisola Sorrentina (Gulf of Naples). The circadian rhythm of activity of two specimens, together with migrations of mysidacean swarms in and out the cave, was studied with time-lapse photography. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. In the first decisive study of color-change in brittlestars, four Caribbean species, Ophiocoma echinata, 0. paucigranulata, O. pumila, and O. wendti are reported to change color from day to night. Color-change is most striking in O. wendti, which is dark brown during the day, and is banded gray and black from dusk to dawn. The transformation occurs over a 3 to 4 hour period and is effected by chromatorphores which appear to respond to illumination, independently of the central nervous system. Color-change may also be mediated by an endogenous rhythm. Ophiocoma wendti is more responsive to light than the other 3 species tested. It reacts to lower levels of illumination at night than during the day, exhibiting negative phototaxis in moonlight as well as in sunlight. I suggest that color-change may expose (or shield) photosensitive tissues that control the brittlestar's detection of shaded fissures in the reef. Thereby, chromatophore activity may be connected with the brittlestar's chief defense from predators, the ability to detect shadow and escape into darkened crevices. Although experiments to date with predacious fish are equivocal. the color patterns of Ophiocoma species mav provide protective camouflage. 相似文献
19.
Migrating eels in a Canterbury river,New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. M. R. Burnet 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):230-244
A fish trap in the upper reaches of the South Branch stream, Canterbury, New Zealand, caught eels from December 1957 to October 1964. The downstream migrations of immature and adult eels of both New Zealand freshwater species (short‐finned Anguilla australis and long‐finned A. dieffenbachii) were recorded. These migrations showed a seasonal and a lunar periodicity, and the larger runs were also influenced by rainfall, water volume, or the passage of a depression. Seasonal peaks were marked for mature eels of both species, and for immature A. australis, but not for immature A. dieffenbachii. 相似文献
20.
为研究长江口日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗肠道菌群的结构与多样性特征,初步探究野生鳗鲡仔鱼的营养需求,分别采集浙江台州市、舟山市以及江苏盐城市邻近海域的玻璃鳗样品,利用16S rDNA扩增子测序技术,分析三个采样点玻璃鳗肠道优势菌群及营养代谢相关的功能差异。结果显示,三个采样点的玻璃鳗肠道菌群均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 68.7%～82.0%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,4.2%～19.0%)为主要优势菌门。在属分类水平上,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter, 12.4%～17.3%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas, 8.07%～13.03%)丰度较高,属固定优势菌属。此外,每个采样点样本中都含有丰富的独特细菌群,包括台州市的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、舟山市的内生单胞属(Endozoicomonas)和丙酸杆菌属(Cutibacterium)以及盐城市的嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和稳杆菌属(Empedobacter),推测是受采样点不同水环境因素影响。不动杆菌、假单胞菌、内生单胞菌等菌属在多种鱼类肠道中有着消化蛋白质的功能,气单胞菌虽属于... 相似文献