共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
不同地区饱和原状黄土静态液化特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄土因饱水静态液化而发生突发性失稳破坏,易造成人员伤亡和财产损失。按照颗粒级配的不同,中国黄土分为砂质、粉质和黏质黄土,不同区域的黄土具有不同的静态液化特性。利用GDS三轴试验系统,对陕西神木砂质黄土区(Q_3黄土)、甘肃黑方台粉质黄土区(Q_3黄土)和陕西泾阳黏质黄土区(Q_2黄土)原状饱和黄土进行了等向固结不排水三轴剪切(ICU)试验,研究了初始孔隙比和颗粒级配对原状黄土静态液化能力的影响。试验结果表明:①3个地区的饱和原状土的应力-应变关系均为软化型,在中低围压下泾阳饱和原状黄土不发生液化,仅表现出弱软化现象;②中低围压下,初始孔隙比是影响原状黄土静态液化的主要因素,高围压下,初始孔隙比的影响逐渐减小,颗粒级配成为影响原状黄土静态液化的主要因素。 相似文献
2.
钱塘江冲海积粉土剪胀性三轴试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钱塘江两岸广泛分布着冲海积粉土.通过大量的三轴固结不排水CU和固结排水CD试验,探讨饱和粉土的应力应变性状和剪胀特性。试验表明,钱塘江冲海积粉土显著的特性之一是在剪切中膨胀,剪胀主要与粉土的密度和围压有关。CU试验中密(e=0.739～0.866)的原状样在围压600kPa范围内剪切膨胀,稍密(e=0.890～0.906)的击实样在围压低于400kPa剪切膨胀。由于粉土膨胀的本质不排水强度在剪切中保持增加,对于这种情况就没有惟一的"不排水强度";CD试验稍密(e=0.889～0.945)的击实样在围压低于400kPa时剪切膨胀。钱塘江冲海积粉土的剪切破坏要经历一个大的变形过程,固结排水剪切过程的应力应变性状可分为4个阶段。取应变继续而没有进一步体积变化的临界状态做破坏标准,确定粉土排水剪切强度指标较合理。 相似文献
3.
《岩土力学》2018,(Z2)
电导率是反映岛礁地下水土耦合性质的直接可测量参数,渗透系数是岛礁地下淡水体形成的重要影响因素,研究了不同地质条件下电导率变化规律,并用其表征土体渗透性有重要意义。首先测量不同干密度、含水率和孔隙液浓度下单一粒径钙质土电导率。由于钙质粉土内含黏粒成分,其表面双电层对电导率有影响,因此单独测量钙质粉土在干密度和含水率正交条件下的电导率,并进行变水头渗透试验。接着配制钙质粉土含量递增的级配土,测电导率并进行常水头渗透试验。试验发现,钙质土电导率与干密度,含水率和孔隙液浓度呈现明显规律性;级配土内随粉土含量增加电导率增加先缓慢,后迅速,最后趋于稳定;级配土渗透系数随电导率增加先缓慢减小后迅速减小;粉土渗透系数随电导率增加呈现中间大两头小的规律。最后初步推导了钙质土电导率与渗透系数的经验公式。 相似文献
4.
常剪应力路径下含气砂土的三轴试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物完全分解时,产生的气体使得能源土孔隙压力急速增加,有效应力减小,进而引起土体液化破坏。此时深海能源土斜坡的应力状态与静力液化失稳过程可简化为含气土在常剪应力排水(或不排水)应力路径下的破坏问题。以此为背景,提出了制备含气砂土试样的改进充气管法,并开展了含气砂土的常剪应力路径三轴试验。22组试验结果表明:同一孔隙比的含气密砂在不同围压与常剪应力下具有相同的失稳线;含气砂土试样失稳时的应力比和体变均随初始相对密实度的增大而增大;含气密砂在常剪应力路径下饱和度对失稳特征影响的规律性在排水与不排水条件下均不明显,但在不排水条件下含气砂土的孔压(或体变)对变形的敏感性降低;含气密砂在常剪应力路径到达失稳点之后,排水条件下是瞬变的液化鼓胀破坏,不排水条件下是渐变的剪切破坏。 相似文献
5.
为了模拟实际工程中黄土在不排水条件下的破坏,在控制含水率不变条件下,利用非饱和土真三轴仪对不同初始吸力非饱和原状黄土进行了等向固结试验和不同中主应力参数b值的剪切试验,研究了非饱和原状黄土的力学特性。研究结果表明：真三轴等向压缩屈服应力随着初始吸力的增大而增大,吸力随着净平均应力的增大而减小,净平均应力对吸力的影响程度随着初始吸力的增大而增大。不同 值条件下,广义剪应力和净平均应力破坏状态线近似呈平行直线关系,广义剪应力和有效净平均球应力试验点可归一为饱和土的排水剪切破坏状态线;剪切破坏时吸力随着b值的增大基本呈线性增大趋势;孔隙比和净平均应力对数临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系,其斜率比饱和土大,且大于等向压缩屈服前的斜率;非饱和土孔隙比和有效净平均球应力对数临界状态线与饱和土的临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系;不同净围压条件下,不同 值非饱和土与饱和土的破坏状态孔隙比的比值与气体饱和度的试验点分布于1.0～1.2的直线带内,但同一净有效球应力条件下可以归一为一条非线性曲线。 相似文献
6.
为探究伊犁地区高易溶盐含量黄土的临界状态特性,针对不同易溶盐含量的非饱和伊犁原状黄土,开展了控制吸力和净围压的三轴固结剪切试验。研究结果表明：在常吸力固结剪切条件下,非饱和伊犁原状黄土的强度随含盐量的增加存在峰值;含盐量一定,不同吸力非饱和土的q-p或e-p临界状态线均为平行直线,q- 临界状态线可归一为饱和土临界状态线表示的一条直线,其斜率随含盐量的增加呈幂函数降低;非饱和土e-p临界状态线的斜率 大于饱和土的斜率 ,两者均随含盐量的增加先减后增,相同有效净平均应力下非饱和土和饱和土的临界状态孔隙比之比 与气体饱和度1- 可以归一化;q-p平面上初始屈服曲线和后继屈服曲线均可近似假定为对称于 线的椭圆,吸力和应力对屈服曲线的硬化作用是等向的。 相似文献
7.
通过固结不排水三轴压缩试验,分析了围压、固结比和干密度等因素对饱和粉土静态液化特性的影响。试验结果表明,在干密度较小时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线呈现明显的硬变软化型,随轴向应变增大超静孔隙水压力增加、有效应力减小而发生静态液化,当干密度达到1.58 g· cm-3时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线表现出硬变硬化现象,超静孔隙水压力为负值或接近0,饱和粉土不再发生静态液化,即饱和粉土存在静态液化的干密度临界值;其他条件不变,随着围压、固结比或干密度的增大,偏应力峰值和残余强度均增大,静态液化势降低;根据有效应力路径建立了流滑面以作为饱和粉土稳定区与非稳定区的分界面。 相似文献
8.
9.
结构性土颗粒间的胶结使试样剪切破坏最终应力比高于相应重塑土,也限制了试样剪切时体积应变的自由发挥。在考虑结构垮塌为主的结构性土统一硬化(UH)模型基础上,将应力空间中静止的临界状态线扩展为动态的移动临界状态线。据此,通过建立新的屈服面方程并修正剪胀方程,将结构性土统一硬化(UH)模型扩展为胶结结构性土统一硬化(UH)模型。相对于原模型,新模型增加了1个模型参数,即初始胶结应力,反映土颗粒之间的初始胶结作用。通过4种结构性土试验数据与模型预测对照表明：所提模型能够较合理地描述结构性土等向压缩、常规三轴排水与不排水剪切等特性。 相似文献
10.
厦门地区花岗岩残积土的颗分试验表明其粒度呈“两头多,中间少”的特征,级配较独特。孔隙比等物性指标与压缩模量等设计中常用指标定量关联性不强,离散性大且没有明显规律。结合厦门地铁工程地质勘察资料,通过粒间状态参量、级配控制模式确定所研究土体的关键物理状态参量,分析该参量与岩土工程设计中常用指标之间的相关关系。结果表明,引入Thevanayagam提出的粒间孔隙比作为参变量,压缩模量随粒间孔隙比的增大而减小,建立了估计残积砾质黏性土、残积砂质黏性土压缩模量的经验公式。级配控制模式下的特征粒径比可以作为估计花岗岩残积土抗剪强度指标的关键参变量,黏聚力随特征粒径比的增大而增大,内摩擦角随特征粒径比的增大而减小,且线性相关性较好。文中建立的预测花岗岩残积土压缩模量、抗剪强度指标经验公式,可供厦门地区工程设计时参考。 相似文献
11.
Ali Lashkari 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(5):987-1014
Adding a small amount of non-plastic silt to clean sands may lead to dramatic loss of shear strength and a noteworthy tendency toward contraction when the mechanical behavior of the mixture is compared with that of the clean host sand. Thus, simulation of the behavior of silty sands with varying fines content is still a challenging subject in geomechanics. A unified constitutive model for clean and silty sands is presented in this paper. To eliminate the factitious decrease of void ratio associated with inactive silt particles in various silty sand mixtures, the concept of equivalent void ratio is used in the model formulation instead of the global void ratio. In addition, the instantaneous soil state is expressed in terms of intergranular state parameter taking into account the combined influence of intergranular void ratio, mean principal effective stress and fines content. Then, dilatancy and plastic hardening modulus are directly linked to the intergranular state parameter. To improve the model capacity in simulation of cyclic tests, new features are added to the plastic hardening modulus. It is shown that the proposed model can reasonably reproduce the mechanical behavior as well as the onset of flow liquefaction instability of clean and silty sands using a unique set of parameters. 相似文献
12.
In this paper effect of fine mineralogy on mechanical behavior of unsaturated silty sand in different fine contents and divers confining pressure has been studied. All samples were molded with constant equivalent granular void ratio well-known parameter already proposed for characterizing silty sand behavior in saturated state. This manner of study allow to investigate also the validity of equivalent granular void ratio concept in unsaturated state. For this purpose, a series of triaxial tests were performed on the sand specimens with different percentages of silt in the undrained saturated (CU) and unsaturated (CW) conditions. The results showed that the material types and aggregate distribution of the fines have enormous effects on the silty sand behavior. In addition, the shear strength in the unsaturated specimens changed as a function of the initial applied matric suction. A fewer performance of equivalent intergranular void ratio in the case of unsaturated state in comparison of saturated states was observed.
相似文献13.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
14.
During the last mid-century, the Chlef area was strongly affected by two earthquakes. From the geological context, there were numerous ejections onto the ground level of great masses of sandy soils and large displacements of various forms of some building foundations. These damages are due to soil liquefaction problem. This loss of shear strength can be attributed to many factors. History of recent cases indicates that sand deposited with silt content is much more liquefiable than clean sand. Therefore, a deep understanding of silty sand behavior is needed for the liquefaction assessment of silty sandy soils. Moreover, during seismic shaking, the post-liquefaction behavior of silty sand and, consequently, the stability of structures founded on liquefied soil depend on the steady-state shear strength of soil. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to show the effect of silt contents and the relative density on the mechanical behavior of such soils in monotonic loading. In this context, a series of undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines content ranging from 0% to 40%. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant to 100 kPa. The fines content and the global void ratio are expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio. Linear correlations relating the undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense, and dense (D r?=?12%, 50%, and 90% before consolidation) sand–silt mixtures to the equivalent void ratio are obtained. The concept of the equivalent void ratio will then be used as a key parameter to express the dilatancy behavior of both clean and silty sand soils. Moreover, from the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not represent the actual behavior of the soil as well. 相似文献
15.
The hydraulic conductivity represents an important indicator parameter in the generation and redistribution of excess pore pressure of sand–silt mixture soil deposits during earthquakes. This paper aims to determine the relationship between the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand–silt mixtures and how much they are affected by the percentage of low plastic fines (finer than 0.074 mm) and void ratio of the soil. The results of flexible wall permeameter and undrained monotonic triaxial tests carried out on samples reconstituted from Chlef river sand with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % non-plastic silt at an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa and two initial relative densities (D r = 20, 91 %) are presented and discussed. It was found that the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) can be correlated to the fines content, intergranular void ratio and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results obtained from this study reveal that the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k sat) of the sand mixed with 50 % low plastic fines can be, in average, four orders of magnitude smaller than that of the clean sand. The results show also that the global void ratio could not be used as a pertinent parameter to explain the undrained shear strength and saturated hydraulic conductivity response of the sand–silt mixtures. 相似文献
16.
Literature regarding the pore pressure generation characteristics and in turn the cyclic resistance behaviour of silty sand
deposits is confusing. In an attempt to clarify the effect of nonplastic fines on undrained cyclic pore pressure response
of sand–silt mixtures, an experimental programme utilising around 289 stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests on specimens
of size 50 mm diameter and 100 mm height was carried out at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. Specimens were prepared to various measures
of density through constant gross void ratio approach, constant relative density approach, constant sand skeleton void ratio
approach, and constant interfine void ratio approach to study the effect of nonplastic fines on pore pressure response of
sand–silt mixtures. The effect of relative density, confining pressure as well as the frequency and magnitude of cyclic loading
was also studied. It was observed that the pore pressure response is greatly influenced by the limiting silt content and the
relative density of a specimen corresponding to any approach. The influence of other parameters such as relative density,
confining pressure and magnitude of cyclic loading was as usual but an increase in frequency of cyclic loading was seen to
generate excess pore pressure at a higher rate indicating an impact load type of behaviour at higher frequency. Utilising
the entire test results over a wide range of parameters a new pore pressure band for sand–silt mixtures in line with Lee and
Albaisa (1974) has been proposed. Similarly another pore pressure band corresponding to 10th cycle of loading as suggested by Dobry (1985) and up to a shear strain of around 25% has been proposed. These two bands can readily be used by researchers and field engineers
to readily assess the pore pressure response of sand–silt mixtures. 相似文献
17.
Several researchers have reported that the mean effective stress of unsaturated soils having a relatively high degree of saturation gradually decreases under fully undrained cyclic loading conditions, and such soils can be finally liquefied like saturated soils. This paper describes a series of simulations of fully undrained cyclic loading on unsaturated soils, conducted using an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. This model is a critical state soil model formulated using effective stress tensor for unsaturated soils, which incorporates the following concepts: (a) the volumetric movement of the state boundary surface containing the critical state line owing to the variation in the degree of saturation; (b) the soil water characteristic curve considering the effects of specific volume and hydraulic hysteresis; and (c) the subloading surface concept for considering the effect of density. Void air is assumed to be an ideal gas obeying Boyle's law. The proposed model is validated through comparisons with past results. The simulation results show that the proposed model properly describes the fully undrained cyclic behavior of unsaturated soils, such as liquefaction, compression, and an increase in the degree of saturation. Finally, the effects of the degree of saturation, void ratio, and confining pressure on the cyclic strength of unsaturated soils are described by the simulation results. The liquefaction resistance of unsaturated soils increases as the degree of saturation and the void ratio decrease, and as the confining pressure increases. Furthermore, the degree of saturation has a greater effect on the liquefaction resistance than the confining pressure and void ratio. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Undrained Cyclic and Monotonic Strength of Sand-Silt Mixtures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In an attempt to correlate the monotonic peak strength and the cyclic strength of sand-silt mixtures over a wide range of
parameters and to clarify some of the existing confusing conclusions in the literature regarding the undrained strength response
of sand-silt mixtures, a series of stress controlled cyclic and strain controlled monotonic triaxial tests was carried out
on sand-silt mixture specimens of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm height with varying silt content. In these experiments, various
measures of sample density was adopted through different approaches such as constant gross void ratio approach, constant relative
density approach, constant sand skeleton void ratio approach, and constant interfine void ratio approach. Also the effect
of relative density and confining pressure on these strengths was studied. It is observed that the limiting fines content
and the relative density of a specimen play the key role in deciding the cyclic and monotonic resistance of sand-silt mixtures
when studied through any approach. For any silt content with relative density more than 70%, cyclic and monotonic resistances
are observed to be independent of silt content. When the undrained cyclic strengths of these specimens are plotted against
their respective undrained monotonic peak strengths, it is observed that there exists a definite exponential relationship
between the two with an excellent correlation coefficient. An expression is proposed in this regard to help engineers assess
the cyclic strength of sand-silt mixtures from monotonic test results. 相似文献