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1.
欠发达农区传统制造业集群的网络演化分析——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
本文以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例,基于企业问卷调查数据,运用社会网络分析法,通过对比企业在初创阶段的衍生网络与现阶段的情感网络、咨询网络和合作网络,探讨了欠发达农区传统制造业集群中网络的形成和演化过程。研究发现相对于偏重技术联系的发达地区高技术集群来说,欠发达农区传统制造业集群网络的形成和演化更具有内生性和自组织规律。在集群成长和网络演进的过程中,集群网络中的核心关系受农村社区聚落环境的影响,并随农区企业规模、地位和能力的改变而演变。依此集群网络的形成和演化经历4个阶段,即家族或泛家族网络阶段、内部分工生产网络阶段、本地创新网络阶段和全球供应链网络阶段,各类型网络在集群发展的不同阶段起着不同的作用。 相似文献
2.
Communities in the rural developing world often sit at the margin of market, migration, and technology exchanges. They are arguably becoming more interconnected and networked than ever before. This article seeks to expand on an understanding of natural resource access in the rural developing world by combining social network analysis (SNA) data and geographic position data obtained via Global Positioning System (GPS) and participatory mapping in rural South Africa. This work therefore utilizes a sociospatial framework in understanding natural resource use and access in a community-level analysis. Notably, in our study we find very little association among natural resource use, access, and social position with even the most tolerant measure but enough association so as not to dismiss the relationship completely. We believe that our results can inform investigations of both resource access and social network position and conclude that a subsequent possibilist approach to human–environmental interactions would be an ideal framework for this methodology and potentially for sociospatial studies more widely. 相似文献
3.
Integrating social network data into GISystems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Clio Andris 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(10):2009-2031
Today, online social media outlets provide new and plentiful sources of data on social networks (SNs) and location-based social networks (LBSNs), i.e., geolocated evidence of connections between individuals. While SNs have been used to show how the magnitude of social connectivity decreases with distance, there are few examples of how to include SNs as layers in a GISystem. If SNs, and thus, interpersonal relationships, could be analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) setting, we could better model how humans socialize, share information, and form social groups within the complex geographic landscape.
Our goal is to facilitate a guide for analyzing SNs (as derived from online social media, telecommunications, surveys, etc.) within geographic space by combining the mature fields of social network analysis (SNA) and GISystems. First, we describe why modeling socialization in geographic space is essential for understanding human behavior. We then outline best practices and techniques for embedding SN nodes and edges in GISystems by introducing terms like ‘social flow’ and ‘anthrospace’, and categorizations for data and spatial aggregation types. Finally, we explore case study vignettes of SNA within GISystems from diverse regions located in Bolivia, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States, using concepts such as geolocated dyads, ego–alter relationships, node feature roles, modularity, and network transitivity. 相似文献
4.
Participatory scenario planning (PSP) processes rely on accurate stakeholder identification to develop a key set of critical uncertainties. While many stakeholder analysis methods are able to identify stakeholders and describe their relationships, we found these efforts to have limited use in the fast-moving and in-depth approach of PSP research. We find that social network analysis (SNA) is an efficient, objective, and transparent approach to stakeholder identification in highly contested natural resource management issues. We present a case study of our research on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula to describe how SNA’s ability to contextualize the relations between actors can benefit participatory research. 相似文献
5.
Birgita D. Hansen Peter G. Dahlhaus Robert G. Milne Andrew D. MacLeod Chris Pitfield 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(6):709-719
Natural Resource Management (NRM) is often conducted as a partnership between government and citizens. In Australia, government agencies formulate policy and fund implementation that may be delivered on-ground by community groups (such as Landcare). Since the late 1980s, over AUS$8b of Commonwealth investment has been made in NRM. However, quantitative evidence of environmental improvements is lacking. The NRM Planning Portal has been developed to (1) provide an online spatial information system for sharing Landcare and agency data; and (2) to facilitate NRM priority setting at local and regional planning scales. While the project successfully federates Landcare NRM activity data, challenges included (1) unstructured, non-standardized data, meaning that quantitative reporting against strategic objectives is not currently possible, and (2) a lack of common understanding about the value proposition for adopting the portal approach. Demonstrating the benefit of technology adoption is a key lesson for digital NRM planning. 相似文献
6.
Michael Mitchell Rod Griffith Paul Ryan Greg Walkerden Brian Walker Valerie A. Brown 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(3):299-314
Natural resource management (NRM) organizations are increasingly looking to resilience thinking to provide insights into how social and environmental systems interact and to identify points of intervention. Drawing on complex systems analysis, resilience thinking emphasizes that landscapes constantly change from social and ecological interactions, and focuses NRM planners’ attention on identifying key variables, feedbacks, and thresholds that can help improve intervention strategies. More deliberative approaches are being developed to use resilience thinking in ways that engage and build human capacity for action. This article documents experiences shared with NRM agencies in rural Australia as we developed new approaches to link resilience thinking with collective learning principles. We present an emerging framework through which heuristics associated with resilience thinking is being used as part of a planning-by-doing process. The framework is being tested to assess whether and how it can enable change agents to advance their capacities for adaptation and transformation. 相似文献
7.
近年来社会网络分析在旅游相关研究中表现出超强的适应性,成为国内外旅游研究的流行范式之一。论文从研究视角和方法、研究内容以及中层理论的应用3个方面分析了国际旅游研究的十大权威期刊2009—2018年发表的社会网络分析相关文献67篇。在全面、系统、深入地梳理与分析的基础上,与10 a前相关文献综述进行对比,总结出近10 a社会网络分析在国外旅游研究中最新的进展。研究发现：① 近10 a相关成果的研究视角进一步完善,表现为自我中心社会网视角以及与整体网结合的双重视角的研究成果显著增加;② 研究方法多样化,关系数据的来源更加丰富,融合相关性分析等各类统计分析技术的定量研究成为主流,扎根理论等定性研究方法也开始应用;③ 研究对象从传统的目的地合作网、政策网等扩展至居民关系网、超链接网、口碑分享网、旅游形象网等;④ 研究内容从旅游社会关系网络结构的描述与分析转向关系网络的影响因素和效应分析,社会关系网络的形成、发展以及演化研究等;⑤ 社会网络分析相关中层理论的应用也有所拓展,其中社会资本理论对旅游相关议题的解释力进一步凸显,这体现了社会网络分析在旅游研究中的应用由变量测度到测度解释的转向。最后,文章总结了社会网络分析在国外旅游研究中应用存在的问题与难点,并展望了未来相关研究的方向。研究成果有助于全面把握旅游社会网络分析的最新研究动态与趋势,为进一步拓展和深化社会网络分析在旅游研究中的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
8.
I. Díaz-Reviriego Á. Fernández-Llamazares P. L. Howard J. L. Molina V. Reyes-García 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(6):690-706
We employ social network analysis (SNA) to describe the structure of subsistence fishing social networks and to explore the relation between fishers’ emic perceptions of fishing expertise and their position in networks. Participant observation and quantitative methods were employed among the Tsimane’ Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. A multiple-regression quadratic assignment procedure was used to explore the extent to which gender, kinship, and age homophilies influence the formation of fishing networks. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the association between fishers’ expertise, their sociodemographic identities, and network centrality. We found that fishing networks are gendered and that there is a positive association between fishers’ expertise and centrality in networks, an association that is more striking for women than for men. We propose that a social network perspective broadens understanding of the relations that shape the intracultural distribution of fishing expertise, as well as natural resource access and use. 相似文献
9.
Darug Ngurra Lexodious Dadd Paul Glass Marnie Graham Sara Judge 《The Australian geographer》2019,50(3):279-293
ABSTRACTIn non-urban places of Australia, caring-as-Country frames natural resource management (NRM) as a practice of reciprocal, more-than-human care-giving (S. Suchet-Pearson, S. Wright, K. Lloyd, and L. Burarrwanga. 2013. ‘Caring as Country: towards and ontology of co-becoming in natural resource management.’ Asia Pacific Viewpoint 54 (2): 185–197). Caring-as-Country is an idea that encapsulates the entangled, reciprocal relationships that people have with, and as part of, agentic more-than-human worlds. In more urbanised places, however, practices of caring-as-Country are often unrecognised, undervalued and undocumented. In this paper we make explicit practices of caring, healing and rejuvenation at Yellomundee Regional Park, Darug Country in western Sydney. Our discussion of care, entanglement and reciprocity at Yellomundee focuses on two specific activities that embody caring-as-Country: the return of cultural burns and sustained presence on Country in the form of Darug-led culture camps. The Darug principle of yanama budyari gumada, to ‘walk with good spirit’, embodies and invites new ways of thinking and practising intercultural caring-as-Country in heavily colonised, urban places like Yellomundee. As we document the practices arising from this invitation, we consider its far-reaching implications for NRM and planning, and we expand on the importance of geographies of care for unceded urban places. 相似文献
10.
自然的社会建构：西方人文地理学对自然的再认识 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
自然的社会建构作为西方人文地理学界对自然的再思考,渐成为理解自然与社会互动的重要理论框架,并逐步成为推动人地和谐、可持续发展研究的新范式。通过梳理自然的社会建构研究理论源起并对西方涉及自然的社会建构的研究文献进行全面梳理发现,自然的社会建构并非单纯指基于建构主义视角考察自然的知识生产或价值与意义,还应该关注自然被生产与形构的商品化过程。现有议题主要聚焦于政治与自然、商品化与自然、社会情感与自然以及日常生活与自然四大方面。在此基础上,进一步提出了国内未来研究需要关注的重要方向。 相似文献
11.
M. Tenney G. Brent Hall R. E. Sieber 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(8):1497-1519
This paper presents a crowd sensing system (CSS) that captures geospatial social media topics and allows the review of results. Using Web-resources derived from social media platforms, the CSS uses a spatially-situated social network graph to harvest user-generated content from selected organizations and members of the public. This allows ‘passively’ contributed social media-based opinions, along with different variables, such as time, location, social interaction, service usage, and human activities to be examined and used to identify trending views and influential citizens. The data model and CSS are used for demonstration purposes to identify geotopics and community interests relevant to municipal affairs in the City of Toronto, Canada. 相似文献
12.
珠江三角洲港资服务业企业的空间格局及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
香港与珠三角地区历来有着紧密的社会经济联系,研究港资服务业在珠三角的空间布局,有助于发现港资服务业在珠三角不同等级城市的跨制度边界分布规律,并对揭示香港与珠三角之间的服务业合作关系和促进粤港澳大湾区一体化建设具有重要意义。基于1 050家珠三角港资服务业企业POI点数据,运用最邻近点指数、核密度估计法和地理集中指数等定量方法和GIS技术,研究珠三角港资服务业企业的总体空间布局及局部区位特征,并构建了多元回归模型揭示其空间布局的影响因素。结果发现：① 珠三角港资服务业企业的整体空间表现为集聚型,形成了“总体分散,局部集中”的空间分布特征;② 分行业来看,除分配性服务业企业具有空间多中心特征外,其余服务业企业均形成了以广、深为核心的空间分布结构,且4类珠三角港资服务业企业均具有显著的集聚特征,其中生产性服务业企业的集聚特征最为突出;③ 除分配性服务业企业外,其他类别港资服务业企业的空间分布受到不同因素影响,主要包括服务业发展水平和固定资产投资。 相似文献
13.
Joseph A. Hamm 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(8):919-933
Trust is critical for natural resource management (NRM). In recognition of this, a noteworthy body of literature has investigated the construct but is, as yet, still developing. The current research proposes and tests an increasingly complete model that integrates the major advances in not only the NRM literature but in the social psychological literature addressing trust more generally as well. To that end, the current analyses were conducted with a large sample of Michigan hunters (n?=?23,954). The results suggest that, as hypothesized, the theoretical model is a statistically defensible account of trust in this context and suggest that both trustworthiness and motivation have important roles to play in driving cooperation intention and behavior. Thus, the current work suggests that although it is important for NRM institutions to attend to their trustworthiness, they should not ignore the motivation that arises from benefits they provide. 相似文献
14.
论中国人地关系演进的新时代特征——“中国人地关系研究”专辑序言 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人地关系是地理学科古老又年轻的话题,其内涵伴随人类社会发展不断丰富,具体表现形式也具有鲜明的时代特性。自吴传钧先生提出人地关系地域系统理论以来,人地关系在学科建设及国家重大发展战略制定研究中发挥着基础科学支撑作用,其作为地理学研究核心的地位逐步被强化。在人地冲突不断加剧的时代背景下,深化对人地关系的系统认知,基于人地关系地域系统理论探讨人地关系动态演进的理论基础,并从综合视角审视新时期中国人地关系的演进过程、核心特征及机制,继而探讨现代人地关系的协调路径。总的来说,人地关系演进的实质是人地要素之间围绕发展空间的博弈过程,新时期中国人地关系演变速度加快,人地要素的相互作用程度不断加深。通过技术进步、增加要素投入和调配资源等方式,中国基本已化解了“以量为主”的第一代人地矛盾,而进入“以质为主”的第二代人地矛盾期。典型表现是,粮食总量不再短缺,但在生产粮食过程中引发的土壤退化和水资源污染等问题加剧;区域性资源不再短缺,但在跨区域开发调配资源过程中引发的生态退化和环境污染等问题凸显。提升人的思想认知和加深对人地关系的综合认知是纠偏人地演进路径的关键。 相似文献
15.
Despite a long-term focus on learning in natural resource management (NRM), it is still debated how learning supports sustainable real-world NRM practices. We offer a qualitative in-depth synthesis of selected scientific empirical literature (N?=?53), which explores factors affecting action-oriented learning. We inductively identify eight key process-based and contextual factors discussed in this literature. Three patterns emerge from our results. First, the literature discusses both facilitated participation and self-organized collaboration as dialogical spaces, which bridge interests and support constructive conflict management. Second, the literature suggests practice-based dialogs as those best able to facilitate action and puts a strong emphasis on experimentation. Finally, not emphasized in existing reviews and syntheses, we found multiple evidence about certain contextual factors affecting learning, including social-ecological crises, complexity, and power structures. Our review also points at important knowledge gaps, which can be used to advance the current research agenda about learning and NRM. 相似文献
16.
Participatory ecological monitoring brings together conservationists and members of the public to collect data about changes in nature. This article scrutinizes the “social nature” of such monitoring, considering not only its impacts for nature, but also society, and importantly the ways in which these interact. Drawing on the field of nature–society studies we present a framework with which to explore case studies from the community forests of Nepal. We document the importance of multiple knowledges of nature, including what is referred to as “local monitoring” and its relation to the scientific procedures promoted in participatory monitoring; the consequences of participatory monitoring as a situated and embodied practice, such that it may (re)produce social inequalities; and the place of monitoring within the wider socioecological regime, with regard to possible unintended consequences for both nature and society. This article thus expands our understanding of the complexities of this increasingly popular approach to conservation. 相似文献
17.
以云南省红河州元阳县哈尼梯田核心区域2个典型的旅游村寨（大鱼塘村和普高老寨）为例,对两村寨利益相关者从网络凝聚性、网络互惠性、网络核心边缘、网络传递性、网络经纪人等5个方面展开关系数据分析,结果显示：1）大鱼塘村压力集团内部、压力集团与社区、企业与政府之间的利益关联性和联系的紧密性不足;2）两村当地政府和压力集团与社区之间的互惠性低于整体平均互惠性;3）两村利益网络中边缘结构较核心结构更加明显,这导致了利益关系的不平衡;4）两村当地政府利益集团传递性相对较低,当地社区传递性最高;5）两村中利益集团间缺少部分协调人、守门人、代理人、联络人等角色。最后提出相应建议：1）提升哈尼梯田利益关系由弱利益关系转变为强利益关系,改变利益集团间核心边缘利益关系格局;2）进一步加强各利益集团内部及之间的关联性;3）加强以企业和政府机构为顶点的组间利益传递,让利益流动逐步打破哈尼梯田利益集团之间的核心边缘关系结构;4）重点加强社区在利益关系网络中的参与机会与权力,对社区进行增权;5）利益集团内部要重点培育协调人和顾问角色,利益集团之间要重点培育企业与政府、社区、压力集团之间的守门人、代理人和联络人角色,以及社区与政府和企业之间的守门人、代理人角色。 相似文献
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以2010年、2013年、2016年和2019年为时间截面,运用修正引力模型和社会网络分析法,结合ArcGIS空间分析工具,以武陵山片区42个国家级贫困县为标靶,研究其旅游经济网络密度、中心性、核心-边缘结构并运用E-I派系指数探讨行政隶属关系对区域旅游经济网络的影响。结果表明:武陵山片区旅游经济联系强度不断增强,但呈显著的空间差异,恩施市、黔江区、武隆区和新化县等县市间旅游经济联系强度居于高值区;武陵山片区各县市度数中心度、接近中心度、中间中心度区间差值敛缩态势显著,旅游经济联系日趋便利化,旅游经济联系网络趋于均衡;E-I派系结构表明受行政隶属关系影响,其核心区覆盖范围不断拓展,行政隶属关系对区域旅游经济联系的负向影响趋于弱化,湖北省、湖南省、贵州省、重庆市4个子群(派系)间的旅游经济开放程度稳步提升但仍有较大改进空间。 相似文献
20.
粤台农业合作试验区台湾兰花技术扩散社会网络特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以广东韶关粤台农业合作试验区兰花种植业为例,通过实地调研及社会网络分析方法,探讨台湾兰花技术扩散的社会网络特征。研究结果表明：① 兰花技术扩散网络呈多核心结构,台商兰场、大学与科研机构、农民合作组织等扩散主体处于网络的核心位置并有效加强了兰场间的交流与合作。② 兰花技术扩散网络的“核心-边缘”结构特征明显,其派系结构一定程度上突破了地域空间限制,在“宗族家族扩散网络”的基础上逐渐形成了“功能性扩散网络”。③ 兰花技术扩散网络的形成和变迁受试验区特殊的地域文化、各扩散主体及政府、市场等因素共同作用的驱动,符合演化经济地理学和关系经济地理学理论,存在一定“路径依赖”的同时,亦实现了“路径创新”。 相似文献