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1.
沈阳铁西区社区弹性特征与成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
基于问卷数据,运用统计分析、地理探测器,分析沈阳铁西区不同社区弹性差异、影响因素及其成因。研究发现：① 商品房社区社会弹性、制度弹性、社区资本分值高于单位社区;单位社区的经济弹性、物质弹性分值高于商品房社区。② 物质弹性、制度弹性对社区资本影响作用较为显著,社会弹性、经济弹性影响作用较小。③ 从制度转型、地方政府、经济发展、社区服务和社会与个人5方面探讨了沈阳铁西区社区弹性成因。沈阳铁西区在搬迁改造、产业转型等冲击下,城市更新过程表现出较强的适应能力和较弱的学习能力,这是社会弹性、经济弹性、制度弹性、物质弹性共同作用的结果。 相似文献
2.
社区恢复力研究进展及其地理学研究议题 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
随着人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益加深,灾害已成为可持续发展的重要障碍。在这一背景下,恢复力成为推动社会经济系统可持续发展的新理念和新范式。恢复力研究的范式也由早期的生态恢复力逐渐转向社区恢复力的研究。现有的社区恢复力研究成果主要集中在概念内涵探索、影响因素识别、基于客观指标和基于行动者感知的社区恢复力测度等方面。迄今尚未形成公认的可接受的社区恢复力理论框架;对普通乡村社区研究较多,对特定资源依赖型社区恢复力研究较少;对突发性自然灾害对社区恢复力的影响研究较多,对其他灾害和危机对社区恢复力的影响研究较少;社区恢复力测度方法的适用性和科学性仍待加强;社区恢复力关键影响因素的作用机制仍需进一步探索。在此基础上,提出从地理学视角研究社区恢复力的主要议题,包括社区恢复力的形成机制及其区域差异、动态演变过程、影响因素的作用机理、基于人地关系的社区恢复力感知量表以及具有尺度效应的社区恢复力测度指数等。 相似文献
3.
For a national competition supported by the New Zealand Board of Geography Teachers, secondary school students in years 10–13 were asked to identify and investigate factors that were building community resilience in their home areas, and the entries provided young people's perspectives on how well individuals, families and communities ‘bounce back’, adapt, change and become stronger following an adverse event. This article concerns the findings of students at Greymouth High School. Their entries showed that community resilience in Grey District depended on individual and collective capacity for action. The greater their involvement in community affairs and projects, the more likely individuals and families were to form networks and participate in communal activities. In Greymouth, as elsewhere in New Zealand, membership of voluntary organisations and participation in planning for, and responding to, catastrophic events has helped residents respond effectively in times of adversity and has enhanced community resilience. 相似文献
4.
This article examines how a community of oyster farmers in Hokkaido, Japan recovered from the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami, which damaged their aquaculture in Lake Akkeshi. It focuses on how, over the years, nested governance structures facilitated iterative learning, which helped build resilience against unexpected external crises. Drawing on adaptive management and resilience studies, this study examines the historical development of the local fishery cooperative association (FCA) as a series of responses to socio-ecological disasters — responses that this article characterizes as iterative learning. During the recovery after the 2011 tsunami, the FCA functioned as an information hub that directed the flow of knowledge and resources through government and industrial hierarchies, to the benefit of the farmers. This research, conducted between 2015 and 2017, is based on interviews with farmers, cooperative administrators, and government officials, as well as an analysis of archived records, fishery regulations and post-disaster subsidy programs. 相似文献
5.
Community Recovery Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Toward a Theory of Cultural Resilience
Hannah E. Clarke 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(2):129-144
Culture plays an important role in communities’ abilities to adapt to environmental change and crises. The emerging field of resilience thinking has made several efforts to better integrate social and cultural factors into the systems-level approach to understanding social–ecological resilience. However, attempts to integrate culture into structural models often fail to account for the agentic processes that influence recovery at the individual and community levels, overshadowing the potential for agency and variation in community response. Using empirical data on the 2010 BP oil spill’s impact on a small, natural-resource-dependent community, we propose an alternative approach emphasizing culture’s ability to operate as a resource that contributes to social, or community, resilience. We refer to this more explicit articulation of culture’s role in resilience as cultural resilience. Our findings reveal that not all cultural resources that define resilience in reference to certain disasters provided successful mitigation, adaptation, or recovery from the BP spill. 相似文献
6.
道路建设对秦岭山区社会—生态系统的影响——一个社区恢复力的视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
社会—生态系统具有不可预期、自组织和多稳态体制等特征。道路建设是区域发展重要的干扰驱动因素,对局域社会—生态系统产生多要素和跨尺度的影响。基于社会—生态系统恢复力的相关概念和分析框架,以道路建设为切入点,借鉴社会经济连通度概念,以商洛市为例,从区域（local）和社区（community）两个尺度,分析道路建设对欠发达山区社会—生态系统的综合影响。将社会—生态系统分解为经济增长、生态景观格局和乡村发展3个维度,选取商洛市统计年鉴、商州区遥感影像和典型农户调查3类数据,结合数理模型、遥感与GIS技术和问卷统计分析,对道路建设与经济发展,道路网络与景观破碎度变化以及高速公路（国道）建设对乡村社区恢复力的影响进行了研究。主要结论包括：① 道路扩张成为减贫的原因,却并非经济增长的动因,而经济增长却是道路网络扩展的原因;② 道路建设增加了当地生态景观的破碎度,却提高了社会连通度,并且景观破碎度与社会连通度之间呈正相关;③ 在乡村社区尺度上,道路建设与社区恢复力之间呈现复杂关系,乡村社区恢复力可以从集体记忆、生计多样性和适应能力3个准则层选取相应的替代指标,通过对农户调查来分析和解释,运用逐步回归分析,识别了乡村社区恢复力的影响因素。最后,对基础设施建设影响下的欠发达山区乡村恢复力的研究方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
Place Systems and Social Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Place in Social Adaptation,Resilience, and Transformation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher Lyon 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(10):1009-1023
8.
Matthias Kokorsch Karl Benediktsson 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2018,72(2):97-114
The concept of resilience has been used to assess community development and its prospects in natural resource-based localities. The objectives of the article are to evaluate the resilience of two Icelandic coastal communities, and to reflect on the possible shortcomings of the resilience concept for providing policy guidance. Mixed qualitative methods were used, with several weeks of fieldwork in each location. The results showed that the two case communities have had to adjust to a radical change in the fisheries management, with the loss of resource entitlements. Additionally, substantial differences were found in their level of resilience. One community was undergoing a transition towards a non-fisheries-based existence through several innovative new initiatives, while the other was struggling to adjust and seemed to have reached its limits of resilience, as witnessed by continuing outmigration and declining services. A state-sponsored programme to rekindle the local economy has had limited success so far. The authors conclude by identifying some of the limitations of the focus on endogenous strategies in much of the resilience literature, which does not pay much attention to the broader political economy. 相似文献
9.
城市网络韧性的概念与分析框架探析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城市网络作为一种新的城市地域系统组织形式和研究范式被广泛关注。目前绝大多数城市网络研究都基于正面视角,对城市网络的负面效应、安全与可持续发展问题却鲜有提及。论文通过梳理城市网络与区域韧性的相关研究进展,探索性地提出一种基于演化韧性的城市网络韧性概念来探讨城市网络的“负面问题”。城市网络韧性可理解为城市网络系统借助于城市间社会、经济、工程与组织等各领域的协作和互补关系,能够预防、抵御、响应和适应外部急性冲击和慢性压力的影响并从中恢复或转换的能力。基于此概念,结合演化韧性与适应性循环理论,将城市网络视为一个动态演化的复杂适应系统,基于基础设施、组织、经济与社会等4个维度,兼顾适应性与适应能力,尝试性地提出基于韧性特征和韧性过程视角的城市网络韧性综合分析框架,并对城市网络韧性的分析方法、优化方法予以展望,对涉及的若干核心问题展开讨论。研究可为以安全发展为目标的区域规划、区域政策制定和区域组织建立提供科学依据,也可为各城市节点找准自身角色、有效参与区域治理提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
10.
The growing interest in the understanding of community resilience suggests a need for improving research approaches. This article reviews methods used to date, and suggests opportunities for expanding the range and efficacy of approaches used to understand, improve, and monitor the coupled social and ecological aspects of community resilience. We explore three potential foci: research approaches that enhance understanding of community resilience; those that help to improve community resilience through the research process; and the further development of methods to guide monitoring. Most studies have relied on mixed and multistaged methods, including in-depth interviews and case studies. We comment on the wide range of approaches used, and suggest others that could be valuable. There is particular scope for greater use of cumulative studies, historical or retrospective studies, participatory methods, and systems approaches, and a need for more methods that explore the coupling of social and ecological dimensions. 相似文献
11.
Indicators of natural disaster resilience are factors that impact the ability to cope with and adapt to a natural disaster and climate change events. They can either contribute to or detract from resilience. Existing research has emphasized the importance of quantifying resilience in order to estimate baseline resilience and measure progress toward resilience enhancement. Previous attempts at quantification of resilience have not incorporated place-specific indicators or differential weighting of indicators for prioritization of resilience enhancement actions. Previous research efforts have also not incorporated spatial and temporal contexts when attempting to quantify resilience indicators. This research demonstrates the importance for quantifying resilience place-specific indicators, differential weighting of indicators, and the spatial and temporal contexts of indicators for resilience estimation and quantification through a case study of Sarasota County, Florida. This case study was conducted in four phases: preliminary interviews, plan review, focus group, and spatial analysis. Preliminary interviews were intended to contribute to development of research goals. The plan review process served to identify Sarasota County's planning priorities to determine possible indicators of resilience unique to Sarasota County as well as existing and planned county hazard mitigation strategies. The focus group was concerned with identifying resilience indicators through a workshop with officials from Sarasota County. The spatial analysis portion used findings from all three previous phases to demonstrate spatial patterns of resilience. This research demonstrates that although national resilience quantification metrics are useful, local scale resilience estimates appear more useful if community hazard mitigation and climate change adaptation is the primary goal. 相似文献
12.
为应对国际环境的复杂性和不确定性,生计恢复力研究成为群体或个人应对外界干扰、减少贫困和提高适应能力的有效方法。通过梳理国内外相关研究成果,总结了生计恢复力的概念、分析框架与评价方法研究进展,揭示了其对推动生计恢复力创新研究的重要启示。研究发现:国内外学者在生计恢复力的概念上已达成初步共识,但生计恢复力分析框架缺乏普适性,研究方法和技术缺乏深度融合,研究对象的范围有待拓展。今后应加强生计恢复力理论方法研究,构建国内生计恢复力研究的一般范式;开展空间技术应用与个体福祉研究,拓宽生计恢复力评价内容和方法;加强分析多重干扰下生计恢复力动态演化机制,深化生计恢复力适应性管理综合研究,非农个体生计恢复力(尤其是旅游生计恢复力)的研究是拓宽生计恢复力理论研究和服务全球可持续发展需求的重点领域。 相似文献
13.
Disasters literally and figuratively shake the foundations of place in a community. If place is seen as both a construction of and contributor to identity, then the impact of disasters can result in not only physical displacement but can also fundamentally displace community and individual identity. Despite this, resilience theory, a widely used approach for dealing with disaster, provides little empirical or theoretical background on the role of place in shaping response and recovery from disruption. On 22 February 2011, the ground beneath the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, shook, destabilizing the physical and psychological landscape and displacing the foundations of place identity for many communities. Through the case study of Project Lyttelton, a grassroots community organization close to the epicenter of the 22 February earthquake, this paper seeks to understand and explore the nuances of place and identity, and its role in shaping resilience to such displacing events. We argue that place is an integral component of social systems that requires consideration within resilience frameworks in order for social factors to be properly integrated. From this, we make the case for increased awareness of the connections between these processes and the related consequences for post-disaster realities at both the community and policy level. 相似文献
14.
旅游业具有一定的脆弱性和敏感性,易遭受突发危机事件的影响,突发危机事件成为制约旅游业可持续发展的重要影响因素之一。如何防范和应对旅游地突发危机事件,保障旅游业健康发展和旅游地社区生计的可持续性显得尤为重要,其中旅游地社区参与是响应和处置突发危机事件的重要利益相关者之一。基于此,论文以汶川地震后大九寨环线区域的九寨沟、青城山和北川县为案例地,采集556份有效样本,运用社区参与理论和社区恢复理论,以结构方程模型为技术方法,构建了基于危机响应视角的以社区参与获益、社区恢复力和社区依恋为维度的社区参与概念模型。得出如下结论：① 震后旅游地社区参与获益和社区恢复力对社区危机响应与支持旅游业发展具有显著正向作用,其中社区恢复力(0.59,P≤0.001)的作用强于社区获益感知(0.30,P≤0.001);② 社区依恋对社区参与起显著正向作用(0.19,P≤0.001),对社区恢复力和社区参与意向起部分中介效应,而对社区参与获益和社区参与意向不起中介效应;③ 论文提出了基于危机响应的社区参与由参与度、支持度和响应度构成,构建了由地方依恋(Attachment)、社区获益(Benefit)和社区恢复力(Resilience)维度组成的社区参与“ABR”框架模型。研究结果一定程度上拓展了旅游地社区参与研究的边界,对旅游地社区参与和危机管理有一定的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
15.
Alan B. Dixon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):341-356
Local community based institutions that coordinate the management of natural resources have been linked to socioecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability within rural livelihood systems throughout the developing world. The resilience and sustainability of related local institutions, however, is influenced by their relationship with external actors and institutions, particularly in facilitating, supporting or hindering local institutional arrangements. From this standpoint, this paper examines the case of local community based institutions involved in wetland management in western Ethiopia. Drawing upon the findings of participatory fieldwork undertaken in eight wetland‐using communities of Illubabor and Western Wellega zones in Oromia Region it is argued that although local institutions do play a key role in coordinating wetland management and sustaining the benefits from wetlands, the sustainability and resilience of the institutions themselves is threatened by a range of factors. Despite their grassroots nature, their effectiveness is influenced by their reliance on local government backstopping that appears to have diminished in recent years, as well as a perceived lack of local government support for collective action over individual rights. 相似文献
16.
乡村生产空间系统韧性的科学认知及其研究域 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
韧性作为乡村生产空间系统的重要属性,是乡村生产空间系统应对内外环境扰动时主动抵御(系统维持)、适应(系统演化)或者更新(系统突变)的一种可持续发展能力,是实现乡村振兴与可持续发展的必由之路。论文基于国内外韧性研究成果和乡村生产空间系统内涵与本质,科学认知乡村生产空间系统韧性的内涵;基于认识论与本体论,从扰动、利益相关者、系统状态、系统目的与韧性能力5个方面对乡村生产空间系统韧性进行质性研究,解构出扰动与脆弱性、脆弱性与韧性回馈、韧性评估与阈值效应、适应性治理等乡村生产空间系统韧性研究的基本研究域,以初步形成其研究框架;并从多学科理论融合与多方法集成、时空尺度关联和多维因素传导及利益相关者一体化适应性治理体系构建等方面厘定其未来研究重点。 相似文献
17.
山洪灾害具有广泛性、突发性、破坏性等特征,开展山洪易发区的社区韧性评估,从而提高灾害应对能力是当前防灾减灾的前沿热点和难点。论文提出了一套多学科的综合方法：(1)利用中介效应明晰了山洪视角下社区韧性评价体系各指标间的定量化传递关系;(2)构建了基于决策实验室分析和解释结构模型的耦合数学模型,确定社区韧性影响因素的多级递阶解释结构模型,分析社区韧性的差异化影响因素;(3)采用信息扩散方法,定量分析山洪灾害社区韧性的变化趋势并排序。以粤北山洪易发区为例,从城镇、村落、城乡结合部3种类型社区进行灾害韧性分析。结果表明：山洪视角下的社区韧性指标体系是一个多维度多层次的复杂网络系统,包括环境、社会、心理、制度和信息沟通5个方面;不同类型社区灾害韧性的直接影响因素呈差异化特征,而供排水设施建设和洪灾应急演练为社区韧性的根本影响因素,对增强山洪视角下社区韧性发挥本质性作用;由于调研村落多位于山洪频发区,居民防范灾害、减轻灾害影响的意识较强,村落较城镇和城乡结合社区呈现出更高的韧性。研究可为提升粤北山洪易发区社区韧性及社区防灾减灾能力提供科学参考,该综合分析方法亦可为其他类型灾害的精细化防灾减灾提供支... 相似文献
18.
Aleksi Räsänen Vera Kauppinen Sirkku Juhola Gunhild Setten Haakon Lein 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(3):165-180
ABSTRACT Despite a notable increase in the literature on community resilience, the notion of ‘community’ remains underproblematised. This is evident within flood risk management (FRM) literature, in which the understanding and roles of communities may be acknowledged but seldom discussed in any detail. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how community networks are configured by different actors, whose roles and responsibilities span spatial scales within the context of FRM. Accordingly, the authors analyse findings from semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and household surveys from two flood prone areas in Finnish Lapland. The analysis reveals that the ways in which authorities, civil society, and informal actors take on multiple roles are intertwined and form different types of networks. By implication, the configuration of community is fuzzy, elusive and situated, and not confined to a fixed spatiality. The authors discuss the implications of the complex nature of community for FRM specifically, and for community resilience more broadly. They conclude that an analysis of different actors across scales contributes to an understanding of the configuration of community, including community resilience, and how the meaning of community takes shape according to the differing aims of FRM in combination with differing geographical settings. 相似文献
19.
旅游目的地社区恢复力的影响因素及其作用机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
深入地理解旅游目的地社区恢复力的影响因素及其作用机制,是旅游地理学研究的重要方向。在文献梳理基础上,采用结构方程模型方法,以九寨沟和都江堰旅游社区为例,探讨了旅游目的地社区恢复力关键影响因素的作用机制。研究发现：① 地方依恋、职业认同、社区参与、社区增权和社会资本对旅游目的地社区恢复力均具有显著的正向影响。按照影响程度,地方依恋、职业认同、社区增权和社会资本对旅游目的地社区恢复力的影响属于中效果,社区参与对旅游目的地社区恢复力的影响属于强效果。② 社区增权和社会资本对社区参与和旅游目的地社区恢复力的作用关系起着重要的中介作用。研究不仅拓展了旅游可持续发展研究的内容和视角,而且为增强旅游目的地适应能力提供了理论指导。 相似文献
20.
韧性理论视角下乡村聚落研究启示 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
伴随着城镇化的快速推进,乡村发展的脆弱性和不稳定性不断增强,在国家乡村振兴和城乡融合政策导向背景下,乡村聚落逐渐呈现出多元分化的转型态势。探索不同类型乡村聚落如何应对内外部环境的扰动,揭示其转型的多元路径是现代乡村地理学亟需关注的重要课题。韧性理论为乡村聚落地理学研究提供新视角,对于探究乡村地域系统如何抵御和化解内外部扰动,提升可持续性发展能力有着重要意义。在阐述韧性概念、理论基础上,提出从韧性理论视角探讨乡村聚落多功能转型,开展乡村聚落韧性的系统性研究,并从韧性的尺度关联以及相互作用机制分析乡村聚落韧性的测度,围绕韧性视角下乡村聚落的适应性转型及内在机制,为乡村发展寻求与扰动冲击相耦合的适应性转型路径,为乡村可持续发展提供理论指导和治理依据,丰富乡村地理学理论研究。 相似文献