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1.
A method for the computation of the spatial-temporal variability of the upper mixed layer (UML) within the framework of a model for the multilayer ocean is proposed. Using a three-layer ocean (UML, thermocline, and abyssal regions) as an example, the formation of the UML topography from the state of rest and the current and temperature fields in the Tropical Atlantic are considered.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
2.
以海洋上部混合层(UML)存在为基础,建立了考虑UML深度变化的二维层模式。探讨有限区域的短期海表温(SST)业务数值预报模式。预报方程有三:低频流(黑潮及其分支)的无幅散化余流方程组、动力预报方程和模式物理学方程。本模式用于3～5d的SST预报,同时也给出UML平均漂流的预报。指出在大风状况下的降温,UML深是一个重要的影响因子,并与UML为平底时情况进行了比较。 相似文献
3.
The results of a numerical experiment on the formation of the large-scale circulation and the main thermocline in the temperate latitudes of an ocean at steady external factors are discussed. A multilayer model [1] is used which involves the upper mixed layer (UML). The boundaries of the areas where the internal layers reach the UML are calculated. The zones where seawater is entrapped from the thermocline to the UML are revealed, as well as the subduction zones where seawater is brought from the UML to the internal layers and moves there, ventilating the thermocline.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. UDK 551.465. 相似文献
4.
This paper discusses the results of a numerical experiment on modelling the seasonal variability of the water circulation
and temperature/salinity fields in the Black Sea. A multi-layered quasi-isopycnic model is used based on primitive equations
and incorporating the upper mixed layer (UML). It is shown that during springtime warming, relatively cold layers emerge in
some areas, due to subduction, from the UML, which then spread virtually over the entire basin and persist until they become
absorbed by the rapidly deepening UML during the period of cooling in winter.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
5.
Numerical experiments on the reconstruction of upwelling and downwelling at the eastern boundary of the ocean were carried out in the framework of a multilayer model of the ocean involving the upper mixed layer (UML). The peculiarities of these phenomena when they are formed and attenuated owing to the strong intensification and abatement of the longshore wind have been studied. It is shown that cold waters are always involved from the thermocline to the UML during upwelling. In downwelling, this occurs as a rule. However, during upwelling the abatement of the wind may result in subduction —the inflow of warm waters from the UML to the thermocline.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
6.
Experimental data on the vertical structure of theT, S temporal variations in the upper 1000 m layer of the Arabian Sea during the inter-monsoon period from April to June are reported. Variations in the upper mixed layer (UML) thickness and temperature distributed horizontally are considered. The local UML model was used to compute these variations from the atmospheric influence preset from observations.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
7.
A hydrothermodynamic model of a multilayer ocean, incorporating the upper mixed layer (UML) is described. The model is based on a system of primitive equations integrated within each layer. All layers are assumed to be horizontally-inhomogeneous, however, the density in each thermocline layer changes within the limits determineda priori by the prescribed basic stratification. It is assumed that the layers may outcrop. Results of the numerical experiment on subduction simulation (downwelling of UML waters toward the main thermocline layers) are given.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
8.
Different physical mechanisms which cause interannual and interdecadal temperature anomalies in the upper mixed layer (UML) of the North Atlantic are investigated using the data of ORA-S3 reanalysis for the period of 1959–2011. It is shown that the annual mean heat budget in UML is mainly caused by the balance between advective heat transfer and horizontal turbulent mixing (estimated as a residual term in the equation of thermal balance). The local UML temperature change and contribution from the heat fluxes on the lower boundary of the UML to the heat budget of the upper layer are insignificant for the time scale under consideration. The contribution of the heat fluxes on the upper UML boundary to the low-frequency variability of the upper layer temperature in the whole North Atlantic area is substantially less than 30%. Areas like the northwestern part of the Northern Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre (NSAG), where their contribution exceeds 30–60%, are exceptions. The typical time scales of advective heat transfer variability are revealed. In the NSAG area, an interannual variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation dominates, while in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, an interdecadal variability of advective transfers with periods of more than 30 years prevails. 相似文献
9.
UML在深海集矿机远程监控系统中应用研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分析了UML（unified modeling language）建模方法在信息建模中的优点,具体研究了UML建模方法在深海集矿机远程监控系统建模中的应用;针对深海集矿机远程监控系统的工艺流程,采用UML中的用例图、活动图和序列图等描述远程监控系统的需求、分析和设计阶段的信息系统模型;并对深海集矿机远程监控系统进行建模,使系统模型更通用、更易理解,增强了系统模型的重用性和互操作性。以Rational Rose 2002为工具来描述UML方法的建模过程,开发了深海集矿机远程监控系统,在海洋采矿系统的模型机上试验运行情况良好。 相似文献
10.
通过构建海域无人机监视监测业务流程形式化模型,为海域无人机监控与管理系统能够自适应可变的业务流程奠定基础。首先对比了各种业务流程建模方法的技术特点和适用场景,然后对海域无人机监视监测业务流程进行分析,提出了一种UML活动图转化为基于Petri网的工作流逻辑偶的方法,最后基于此方法对海域无人机监视监测业务流程进行建模。建模结果表明,该方法能有效地将海域无人机监视监测业务流程的分支、分叉以及汇合等流程逻辑转化为工作流逻辑偶,并且转化的结果满足良序性、良构性以及畅通性。 相似文献
11.
提出崂山地区矿泉水的类型、分布以及与其赋存围岩的关系、矿泉水中Sr、H_2SiO_3含量特征及二者间的相关性,并探讨其化学成份的形成机理。 相似文献
12.
Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp Véronique GarconHein J.W. de Baar Kevin R. Arrigo 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(9):943-955
We assessed whether short-term photoacclimation responses of natural phytoplankton populations in the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) were affecting protection from photodamage as cells are mixed up to the surface from depth. To this end, we measured phytoplankton fluorescence characteristics and their ratio of xanthophyll cycle pigment to photosynthetic pigments within the upper mixed layer (UML) and in short-term deck incubation experiments. Phytoplankton within the UML photoacclimated by increasing their ratio of xanthophyll cycle (diadinoxanthin [dd] and diatoxanthin [dt]) pigments to chlorophyll a. The photoacclimation processes observed within the UML did, however, not influence the protection of phytoplankton from photodamage during short-term near-surface irradiance experiments. Exposure to near-surface irradiance resulted in photodamage in all experiments, regardless of the phytoplankton community composition and irradiance levels. Incubating phytoplankton for six hours at either 2% or 50% of surface irradiance prior to exposure to near-surface irradiance did not alter the photodamage characteristics. This suggests that short-term photoacclimation processes within the UML are not adequate to protect phytoplankton from photodamage when cells are mixed up to the surface from depth, and that repair of damaged photosystems is crucial for maintaining photosynthesis under fluctuating irradiance conditions, even at very low mean irradiance levels. Likely, continuously operating photoacclimation processes offset to some extent the negative effects of photodamage on photosynthetic performance, albeit with increased metabolic costs. 相似文献
13.
C.D. Hewes C.S. Reiss O. Holm-Hansen 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(8):1230-1241
Eighteen years of summertime hydrographic and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data (～2700 stations) from the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) region show that a “bell-shaped” (unimodal) distribution of phytoplankton biomass results annually when plotted against the inshore to offshore gradient in surface salinity. The maximum for this unimodal Chl-a distribution corresponds with a shallow upper mixed layer (UML) in iron-rich waters that occurs at salinities ～34. Methods of gradient analysis are used to distinguish sources of variability for bloom development among years. The control of phytoplankton biomass is resolved across the salinity gradient that separates the co-limiting conditions of deep UML depths and low-iron concentrations as opposing end-members. Chlorophyll-fluorescence yield data (a proxy for Fe-stress) showed that at salinities ～34, phytoplankton biomass was unlikely to be limited by Fe. Instead, blooming at salinities ～34 (1.3±1 mg Chl-a m?3) co-varied with shallow UML depths (41±19 m) that occurred as a function of higher UML temperature (1.5±0.5 °C) among years, and is evidence that atmospheric climate variability impacts summertime phytoplankton biomass and production in this Southern Ocean seascape. 相似文献
14.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The interannual–multidecadal variability of the temperature and depth of the upper mixed layer (UML) in the North Atlantic (NA) is analyzed on the... 相似文献
15.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):95-107
The organic matter (OM) pool has been studied in two sub-arctic north Norwegian fjords, Balsfjord and Ullsfjord, in July 2001 and June 2003. Besides general OM parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), the distribution of specific compounds such as folic acid and surface active substances (SAS) was followed. The results are supported with data of salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a (Chl a). This approach allowed assessment of the fate of the OM pool, and its distinct vertical, spatial, and seasonal variations. Fjord waters could be vertically divided into two layers: the upper mixed layer (UML), until 40 m depth, and the deep aphotic layer. Spatial variability between the two fjords is a consequence of different influences of shelf waters on the fjords. Significant enrichment of POC and PON concentrations (3–5 times), as well as those of particulate SAS and folic acid (up to 3.2 times) in the UML was recorded during the period of new production, in early June. Depletion of particulate OM in deep waters was ascribed to fast dissolution or remineralization in the UML or upper part of aphotic layer. OM in July 2001 was characterized with 15.9% higher DOC pool compared to June 2003, and had refractory properties, suggesting the fjords to be an important source of organic matter for the continental shelf ecosystem. The DOC pool in these subarctic fjords represents the major component of the OM pool. The DOC concentrations in fjords are lower than those in previously studied warmer seas (e.g. the Adriatic Sea), whereas the concentrations of folic acid and SAS are comparable to those in the Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
16.
17.
根据海洋遥感信息提取可视化建模应用需求,以用户可视化模型建立及流程设计实现为目标,采用统一建模语言UML面向对象分析方法,设计海洋遥感信息提取可视化建模系统软件结构、用户需求用例(use case)结构、类(class)结构及流程图表示法,同时完成流程定义器、流程调度的设计和实现.结果表明,可视化用户建模系统可以使广大海洋用户在使用遥感数据时无须在数据预处理及转换工作上花费较多的时间,也不要学习很多遥感信息处理专业知识即可适应和使用组件式海洋遥感数据处理和信息提取通用软件,并且在该软件平台上进行他们的研究和应用开发工作. 相似文献
18.
Production parameters of surface phytoplankton were measured along three transects: La Manche-Cape Town (I); Cape Town-54°S (II); 0°-49°W (along 54°S) (III). The Canary upwelling waters were most productive along transect I, where the surface chlorophyll a (Chl 0) and the surface primary production (PP 0) were as high as 4.3 mg/m3 and 173 mg C/m3 per day, respectively. Mosaic patterns in the distribution of these parameters were recorded in the northeastern regions of the South Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre (Chl 0 = 0.03–0.35 mg/m3; PP 0 = 1.6–12.6 mg C/m3 per day). Along transect II, the average twofold southward increase in Chl 0 (from 0.2 to 0.4 mg/m3) and the concurrent decline of the phytoplankton assimilation activity ( AN 0) resulted in deviations from typical latitudinal changes inPP 0. At most sites, PP 0 values varied between 6 and 15 mg C/m3 per day. Negligible changes in Chl 0 (0.36–0.85 mg/m3), PP 0 (8–19 mg C/m3 per day), and AN 0 (0.7–1.6 mg C/mg chl a per hour) were registered for the oceanic waters along transect III. Along all the transects, PP 0 depended on Chl 0 to a greater extent than AN 0. The values of the latter parameter were largely determined by the water temperature and showed a slight correlation with the insolation. Along transect II, the integrated primary production (PP int) and the layer-integrated chlorophyll a in the upper 200 m (Chl 0–200) generally varied from 180 to 360 mg C/m2 per day and from 30 to 70 mg/m2, respectively. In the Polar Front region, an increase in Chl 0–200, PP int, Chl 0, and PP 0 up to respective values of 190 mg/m2, 520 mg C/m2 per day, 1.2 mg/m3, and 32 mg C/m3 per day was observed. A comparison of the water column (0–100 m) stability with the vertical distribution of the primary production and chlorophyll content along transect II implies that the thick (>100 m) upper mixed layer (UML) formed in response to the strong water cooling and wind forcing was largely responsible for the limited primary production in the Subantarctic and Antarctic regions. The large UML thickness resulted in an intense removal of plant cells from the photosynthetic layer and light starvation of a significant (up to 60%) part of the phytoplankton community. 相似文献
19.
Tidal levels and currents in the Tongan region of the Pacific were simulated using a two-dimensional frequency-domain finite element model. The eight major diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents were modeled successfully, using open boundary conditions taken from a global tidal model based on the Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter. Comparison of model results with observations from the single tide gauge site in the area were later used to adjust the boundary conditions. The validity of omitting horizontal eddy viscosity from the finite element model was checked by running an equivalent finite difference model. The results show that although the submarine Tongan ridge does not appear to trap tidal energy, there are residual tidal currents and possible recirculations which are capable of influencing biological productivity around Tonga. The model results are reduced to a simple method for predicting tidal heights in outlying areas, based only on the tidal calendar for the capital, Nuku'alofa. 相似文献
20.
Tidal levels and currents in the Tongan region of the Pacific were simulated using a two-dimensional frequency-domain finite element model. The eight major diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents were modeled successfully, using open boundary conditions taken from a global tidal model based on the Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter. Comparison of model results with observations from the single tide gauge site in the area were later used to adjust the boundary conditions. The validity of omitting horizontal eddy viscosity from the finite element model was checked by running an equivalent finite difference model. The results show that although the submarine Tongan ridge does not appear to trap tidal energy, there are residual tidal currents and possible recirculations which are capable of influencing biological productivity around Tonga. The model results are reduced to a simple method for predicting tidal heights in outlying areas, based only on the tidal calendar for the capital, Nuku'alofa. 相似文献