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1.
光释光测年基本流程 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
光释光测年是对沉积物上一次曝光事件年代的测定.自20 世纪80 年代该方法提出以来,得到了越来越广泛的应用.相对于14C测年,光释光测年虽存在误差偏大的不足（一般5%~10%）,但是具有以下明显优势：① 其测年年限范围比前者大得多;② 测年物质（石英或长石）丰富,这在干旱半干旱区的沙漠和湖泊中尤其重要,因为在这些地区很难找到可用于14C测年的有机质;③ 是对沉积物的直接定年;④ 测年事件包括曝光、受热（400 ℃以上）、火山、地震和晶体（方解石等）形成等.本文介绍了光释光测年的整个实验过程,包括采样、前处理、等效剂量测定、年剂量测定等,以期让有需要的地学同行了解这一方法,尤其是了解从地层或岩芯等取样的过程中应注意的事项.重点介绍单片再生剂量法(SAR)与标准生长曲线法(SGC)相结合测定等效剂量的实验方法(我们命名为SAR-SGC法).该方法能大大提高仪器的使用效率,可节省仪器时间60%以上.通过氟硅酸溶蚀长石来提取石英的中颗粒(38~63 μm)的前处理过程简便易行,获得的石英纯度高,且可以避免使用危险的氢氟酸.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所释光测年实验室近几年应用SAR-SGC法对黄土、沙漠、湖泊、海洋、冰川、考古点等各种类型沉积物进行光释光测年,都获得了很好的结果. 相似文献
2.
新疆阿尔泰山东段冰碛物光释光测年研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冰川是塑造地表形态最积极的外营力之一,对冰川地貌的年代学研究是重建古冰川发展史的关键,也是研究气候变化的重要途径。冰碛物是冰川作用的直接产物,代表过去发生的冰川事件,对冰碛物进行准确测年能够为重建古冰川的进退、理解区域古气候变化提供年代学支撑。本文在新疆阿尔泰山东段采集了8个冰碛物样品以进行光释光测年,利用单片再生剂量法对90~125 μm的石英颗粒进行等效剂量的测定。通过等效剂量值频率分布特征及De（t）坪区图分析得出大部分冰碛物的光释光信号晒退不彻底,所以利用一阶动力学公式对持续激发的光释光信号晒退曲线（CW-OSL）进行多组分拟合拆分,得到快速、中速、慢速3种组分,依据分离出的快速组分确定等效剂量值。研究结果显示,距今32 ka以来阿尔泰山东段区域在MIS3阶段、MIS2阶段、8.2 ka左右、全新世大暖期及新冰期等5个时段有冰川发育,冰川发育与气候变化密切相关。 相似文献
3.
光释光测年多颗粒实验中单个样品的测片个数选取没有一定标准,从几十到一百多个不等。通过分析7个黄土中颗粒(38~63 μm)样品,分别进行了不同测片个数的等效剂量的实验及统计分析研究。每个样品的等效剂量由SAR法和SGC法得到,每个样品不同测片数的等效剂量结果进行了多种统计分析和检验。认为在风成沉积物的光释光测年实验中,当一个样品进行实验的测片数达到20~30个测片时,样品的等效剂量分布形态就趋于稳定;即此测片数较合理——既能较准确反映统计意义上的样品的古剂量,又不至于进行大量重复性工作;这对于水成沉积物光释光测年中单个样品的测片个数选取也有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
长江三角洲是研究古海岸沉积环境演化的理想区域。选取长江三角洲平原一支长岩芯钻孔上部55 m层位的沉积物进行光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年研究。根据沉积物粒度特性,在实验前处理过程中,提取100~200 μm或63~100 μm粗颗粒石英矿物进行OSL测年。测年样品的预热坪与剂量恢复实验表明选择180℃作为预热条件较为合适,石英OSL信号衰退曲线以快组分为主。条件实验结果、等效剂量分布以及各测片的循环比、热转移等方法学层面的实验结果表明,OSL测年技术对该孔的沉积物测年具有适应性和可靠性。通过年代—深度关系模型,建立该段地层中全新世以来的年龄框架。依据该孔的年代地层序列并结合前人工作,探讨全新世以来长江三角洲的沉积演化。 相似文献
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沙漠内部保存的晚第四纪沉积序列,是重建过去气候环境变化的重要材料。近年来,不同测年方法被用于测定风成、湖相等各类沉积物的年龄,特别是光释光测年技术在沙漠地区的应用越来越多。然而,对不同光释光测年技术能否获得相对年轻样品的可靠年龄等问题,仍存在一些不确定性。本研究在腾格里沙漠不同点位采集了沉积物样品,开展了石英单片再生剂量法(SAR-OSL)和钾长石红外后释光法(pIRIR150)对比测试,尤其是针对钾长石pIRIR150进行了剂量恢复实验、衰退系数(g-值)以及残余剂量测定,进而探究钾长石pIRIR150技术在该地区沉积物测年中的适用性与可靠性。结果表明：钾长石pIRIR150释光信号总体晒退良好,30 h晒退后的残余剂量仅为0.07～0.27 Gy,并且在60 Gy的剂量范围内(对应研究区约两万年以内的样品),剂量恢复比率基本为1。经g-值校正后的钾长石pIRIR150年代结果总体上出现高估,而未校正的年代则与石英SAR-OSL年代结果具有较好的一致性,表明研究区沉积物样品的... 相似文献
7.
蓬莱黄土剖面光释光年代学及其沉积特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对山东半岛北部蓬莱林格庄黄土剖面进行了系统的野外考察,并进行了光释光测年以及粒度、磁化率指标分析。研究表明,磁化率的变化与不同粒级的百分含量具有一定的相关性,频率磁化率与粗颗粒含量基本呈一定的负相关。结合野外地层划分与光释光年代学测试可以将该剖面划分为3个黄土层和3个古土壤层,该剖面记录了末次间冰期以来该区气候和环境变化的历史。 相似文献
8.
为探讨山东青州黄土的地层年代,对傅家庄黄土剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究,并对剖面上部进行了光释光测年和粘土矿物分析。结果表明:青州黄土发育的年代未达到布容/松山界限,结合光释光测年推断,其底界年龄大致在500 ka前后,与长江下游地区的下蜀黄土起源时代接近,均对应于中更新世全球急剧变冷的时期;粘土矿物的分析结果进一步支持青州黄土主要来源于冰期裸露的渤海湾陆架和黄泛平原的松散堆积物。上述结果表明,青州黄土的起源时代不仅与区域性环境条件有关,而且与中更新世以来全球环境变化的背景具有密切联系。 相似文献
9.
在野外考察基础上选择湖北郧县庹家湾剖面为研究对象。在对磁化率和粒度进行分析的同时,用单片再生剂量法进行了光释光测年（OSL）地层断代。OSL测年数据显示：剖面样品年龄处在55.11~13.57 ka BP,且与地层深度呈现出良好的对应关系,此剖面为黄土风化堆积形成。黏粒含量、黏粒/粉砂值以及磁化率值等气候替代性指标数值在马兰黄土层228~260 cm和294~370 cm深度明显高于典型马兰黄土（L1）,具有明显的成壤特征,通过OSL测年数据判断时间为27.26~21.59 ka BP,说明在晚更新世时期气候并非持续稳定的寒冷干旱,而是具有一定的波动,在此期间气候相对温暖湿润,而且此次气候事件在黄土高原地区其他沉积记录中也有良好记录。 相似文献
10.
汉江上游郧西郧县段古洪水事件光释光测年及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对汉江上游的野外考察,发现汉江上游郧西-郧县段第一级阶地前沿全新世土壤剖面中夹有多层古洪水滞流沉积物,选择该河段的归仙河口（GXH）剖面进行了详细野外观察,结合粒度成分和磁化率指标分析,证明它们是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。采用石英的单片再生剂量法（SAR）获得了该剖面中9 个样品的光释光年龄值。基于测定的光释光年龄、考古断代和地层对比结果,确定这四期洪水事件分别发生在距今12500-12000 a、7500-7200 a、3100-2800 a,1000-900 a。通过与汉江上游地区、国内和世界各地的多种指标气候变化记录的对比分析,进一步探讨了汉江上游郧西郧县段全新世以来发生的多期古洪水事件发生的气候背景,这一认识有助于深入理解区域洪涝灾害对全球气候变化的响应规律。 相似文献
11.
Optical dating of Holocene sediments from a variety of geomorphic settings using single grains of quartz 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents an improved method for the optical dating of Holocene sediments from a variety of geomorphic settings. We have measured the equivalent dose (De) in individual grains of quartz, using green laser light for optical stimulation, and have simulated the De distributions for multiple-grain ‘synthetic’ aliquots using the single-grain data. For 12 samples of known (independent) age, we show that application of a ‘minimum age model’ to the single-grain and ‘small’ (10-grain) aliquot De data provides the most accurate estimate of the burial dose for nine of the samples examined (3 aeolian, 5 fluvial, and 1 marine). The weighted mean De (as obtained using the ‘central age model’) gives rise to burial age overestimates of up to a factor of 10 for these nine samples, whether single grains, small aliquots, or ‘large’ (100-grain) aliquots are used. For the other three samples (two aeolian and one fluvial), application of either the minimum age model or the central age model to the single-grain, small aliquot, and large aliquot De data yields burial ages in accord with the independent age control. We infer that these three samples were well bleached at the time of deposition. These results show that heterogeneous bleaching of the optical dating signal is commonplace in nature, and that aeolian transport offers no guarantee that the sample will be well bleached at the time of deposition. We also show that grains sensitive to infrared (IR) stimulation can give rise to low De values, which will result in significant underestimation of the burial dose and, hence, of the age of deposition. We demonstrate that use of a modified single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol incorporating IR stimulation prior to green light stimulation deals effectively with contamination by IR-sensitive grains. We conclude that application of the modified protocol to single grains or small aliquots of quartz, using the lowest De population to estimate the burial dose, is the best means of obtaining reliable ages for Holocene sediments from a wide range of depositional environments. 相似文献
12.
Steven L. Forman James Pierson Jeaneth Gómez Julie Brigham-Grette Norbert R. Nowaczyk Martin Melles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(1):77-88
This study focused on the luminescence dating of sediments from Lake El’gygytgyn, a meteorite impact crater 100 km north of
the Arctic Circle in northeast Siberia, formed 3.58 Ma ago. The sediment is principally eolian deposited in to a lake with
nearly permanently ice. The fine-grained polymineral and quartz extracts taken from nine distinct levels from the upper 12.3 m
of sediment core PG1351 were dated by infrared stimulated (IRSL) and green stimulated luminescence (GSL) using multiple aliquot
additive dose procedures. The veracity of these ages is evaluated by comparing to an age model for the core derived from magnetic
excursions and from correlation of variations of the magnetic susceptibility record to similar magnitude variations in δ 18O in the Greenland Ice core record. The IRSL ages from the upper 9 m of core correspond well with the independent age control
for the past ca. 200 ka. However, sediments deeper in the core at 12.3 m with an inferred age of ca. 250 ka age yield a saturated
IRSL response and therefore a non-finite OSL age. The youngest sediment dated from 0.70 m depth yielded the IRSL age of ca.
11.5 ka, older than the corresponding age of 9.3–8.8 ka, indicating a discrepancy in dating the youngest sediments in the
upper 1 m of core. This study confirms the utility of IRSL by the multiple aliquot additive dose method to date sediments
<200 ka old from eastern Siberia.
This is the sixth in a series of eleven papers published in this special issue dedicated to initial studies of El’gygytgyn Crater Lake and
its catchment in NE Russia. Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk were guest editors of this special issue. 相似文献
13.
基于释光测年的福建晋江海岸沙丘粒度记录的风沙活动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用OSL测年技术对福建晋江海岸沙丘剖面(SHA) 进行加密采样测年和粒度分析,初步确定了研究区近1000a 以来海岸沙丘发育的主要时段,以OSL测年值为基础,在统一时间标尺上综合对比东亚季风变化序列和福建沿海地区台风登陆记录,探讨了控制研究区海岸沙丘发育的主要因素.研究表明：(1) SHA沙丘表现为典型的海岸风成砂特征,海岸沙丘沉积后受风力侵蚀和后期化学风化作用的影响,粒径变粗,分选性变差,各粒级组分和粒度参数特征发生较大变化;(2) 近1000a 以来晋江海岸带海岸沙丘发育可划分为3 个时期,分别为AD1050~1300、AD1470~1600、AD1720~1950,尤其是小冰期(LIA),海岸风沙活动强烈,海岸沙丘发育盛行;(3) 近千年来区域降水量、海平面和台风强度变化与研究区海岸沙丘发育之间的关系尚不明确,而冬季风强度对海岸沙丘发育的影响明显,即海岸风沙活动期主要对应冬季风较强时期,但近50 年来海岸风沙活动较弱除了主要受冬季风减弱影响外,主要与人类经济活动所造成的地表覆被条件发生变化有关. 相似文献
14.
库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面风沙流结构变异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面气流和输沙率的野外观测和分析结果表明,沙丘表面约90%的风沙输移集中在距沙面0.10 m高度范围内,输沙率随高度递减的形式在沙丘各部位因风速、下垫面状况和坡面形态不同而发生变异。沙丘迎风坡坡脚因出露坚硬、含砾石地表,颗粒跃移高度大,风沙流上层相对输沙率大;迎风坡沙粒沿坡向上运动,颗粒跃移高度减小,风沙流中近地表相对输沙率大;沙丘背风坡沙粒沿坡向下运动,加之来自丘顶变型跃移物质的影响,风沙流上层相对输沙率较大;脊线受迎风坡各个断面地形差异的影响,各观测点间风沙流结构差异显著。风沙流结构在迎风坡和丘顶均遵循指数递减规律(Q=aexp(-z/b)),其中,指数函数拟合中系数a与输沙率具有良好的幂函数关系,随风速增加而增加,但二者关系较弱;b与二者无相关性。背风坡风沙流结构具有明显的分段现象,以0.10 m高度为界,下层符合指数函数,上层符合幂函数。 相似文献
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The Rub Al Khali aeolian system of the Arabian Peninsula is the world's largest erg. While the region is presently hyper-arid, evidence for multiple past humid periods has been documented in previous studies. Radiocarbon dating of lacustrine, travertine and palaeogroundwater deposits suggests that the climate was humid at 10–6 and 35–25 ka. These phases have been associated with summer rainfall increases occurring in tandem with an intensification and northward migration of the monsoon system during Northern hemisphere precessional maxima. Published optical dating studies have focused on preserved sand dune and aeolianite deposits to establish ages for the intervening arid phases. Here we present a summary of this work and additional optical dating results for samples of aeolian sediment from a deep drill core, which provides insights into the style of barchan dune accretion in the Liwa region of the United Arab Emirates. The large dune accreted rapidly during the mid-late Holocene. The results suggest that the transitions from humid to arid conditions and resulting accumulation of aeolian sediment in the form of large bedforms occurred abruptly at around 6 ka. Further aeolian sedimentation has not been constant since that time, with initial gradual dune growth followed by rapid vertical accretion, and possible termination of accumulation around c. 2 ka. 相似文献
17.
The Sahelian Margin of West Africa is widely recognised as an area of recent environmental catastrophe and human suffering arising from food shortage and land degradation associated with prolonged drought. The propensity of this region to suffer drought has been related, using environmental data collected during the period of instrumental records, to a combination of low mean annual rainfall levels and a high degree of rainfall variability which relates to sea surface temperature anomalies in the adjacent tropical Atlantic Ocean. Despite the significant environmental and human consequences of such droughts, there is a paucity of long-term environmental data for the West African Sahel. Aeolian dune reactivations in this area are a potentially highly useful environmental archive of past periods of extended drought conditions, which may have resulted in localised or widespread dune reactivation. Here we describe the initial results from an ongoing programme of research, which seeks to develop a detailed record of past dune reactivations in Mali. We find evidence for repeated Holocene dune reactivation events and a significant number of reactivations, which commenced at the time of onset of the last major drought cycle in the early 1970s. We obtain ages as young as 20–30 years for some significant dune units (thickness up to 1 m) and describe the results of experiments which test the performance of our dating exercise. We specifically test for the significance of preheat temperature on single aliquot regeneration (SAR) equivalent dose determinations and recycling ratios; neither are found vary significantly as a function of preheating. Optical dating of sand sized quartz could provide a useful tool for palaeogeographical mapping of ancient and historical dune reactivations in this region and elsewhere. 相似文献
18.
长江下游地区下蜀黄土堆积与成壤环境演变——以南京江北地区一典型剖面为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对南京江北地区一个典型剖面（TZC剖面）进行野外调查、室内磁化率、粒度等替代性指标分析和光释光断代研究,探讨了该地区第一层古土壤形成时的粉尘堆积与成壤环境演变特点。结果表明:第一层古土壤（40050cm）形成于全新世最适宜期（85003100aBP）,是在末次冰期下蜀黄土堆积成壤基础上的再发育,与下伏黄土之间存在发生学联系。根据沉积年代和沉积厚度对沉积速率估算,该地区末次冰期沉积速率约为11.17cm/ka,而且可以推测古土壤顶部经历过强烈的水土侵蚀作用,侵蚀的厚度为98.67cm,侵蚀下来的黄土在地势低洼的地方形成次生黄土,这表明了次生黄土同为风尘成因,只是经过后期雨水的侵蚀、搬运和再堆积而已。全新世晚期3100年以来,季风转变,沙尘暴加剧,土壤退化,在南京江北地区堆积成厚约50cm左右的现代黄土层或表土层。 相似文献
19.
青海湖地区的黄土是独立于湖相沉积的重要古气候记录。对青海南山夏拉水库和橡皮山黄土剖面进行了沉积学、地貌学和光释光年代学的研究,重建了全新世以来青海湖地区的环境变化。结果表明,1)青海南山地区至少在10.4 ka之前由河流沉积转换为风成堆积,指示气候转型期;2)10.4~5.0 ka间以黄土堆积为主,偶尔夹杂风成砂,指示气候整体比较温暖适宜,有个别的降温事件;3)3.4~1.0 ka古土壤发育为主,指示气温—降水组合较好,气候最适宜;4)0.6 ka以来发育现代土壤。研究数据基本与青藏高原东北缘的古气候/环境变化记录相一致,但在时间上存在一定的相位差,可能与海拔较高,区域对气候反应滞后有关。 相似文献