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考虑震源破裂过程的青海玉树地震震动图研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了在缺少实时台站数据的情况下,研究震后地表地震动分布,本文尝试通过对震源做出某些约束,以提高震动图的精度.由于青海玉树地震的发震断层近似直立(倾向83°),震源破裂过程在时间和空间上呈明显的分区特征,分别考虑了地表破裂的线源发生模型和主震震级分解方法,用考虑了场地效应的震动图快速生成方法生成震动图.将两种方法生成的震动图与调查烈度比较.结果表明,基于震源破裂过程对主震震级进行分解,综合考虑各子事件生成震动图的方法,对震后的应急决策和灾情的快速评估是可行的. 相似文献
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北京时间2023年8月6日2时33分山东德州市平原县(37.16°N,116.34°E)发生5.5级地震,中国地震台网中心部署的预警试运行系统于震后7.5s产出首报预警结果。中国地震台网中心于震后2min发布自动速报结果,于震后10min发布正式速报结果,同时联合多家单位启动地震应急产品产出工作,共产出震源参数、历史地震、地震构造、震源机制、余震精定位、推测烈度和震源破裂过程等9类应急产品。结果显示,本次地震发生在林南断裂附近,震源机制解表明该地震为一次走滑型事件; 余震精定位结果显示余震展布呈近NEE向,与震中附近断裂方向一致; 烈度速报推测极震区烈度达Ⅷ度,区域面积约528km2,Ⅶ度及以上区域总面积约1694km2。 相似文献
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张北地区震前、震时和震后的震源机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对于张北地震之前出现在小震条带上的地震，我们收集了区域地震台网的P波初动和垂直向记录的直达P、S的最大振幅，由理论地震图反演出15次地震的震源机制；同样的方法反演得到145次余震的震源机制；连同刘瑞丰给出的6．2级主震、哈佛大学提供的5．6级强余震的矩张量解一起分析。发现，震前小震震源机制优势取向的平均解、震后余震震源机制优势取向的平均解和主震以及强余震的矩张量解，基本一致。震前、震时和震后的震源机制的优势取向，没有发生可以觉察的显著变化。表明震区始终受到构造应力场的控制，呈现出一定的稳定性。 相似文献
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北京时间2024年1月23日2时9分,新疆阿克苏地区乌什县(41.26°N,78.63°E)发生7.1级地震。中国地震预警网于震后12.2 s产出首报预警信息,中国地震台网中心于震后3 min发布自动速报结果,震后13 min发布正式速报结果,同时联合多家单位启动地震应急产品产出工作,产出震源参数、地震构造、历史地震、余震精定位、震源机制和震源破裂过程等应急产品。结果显示,本次地震是一次发生在青藏高原西缘的逆冲型地震事件,余震展布呈NEE向; 主震破裂持续时间约15 s,主要能量约在震后8 s释放,最大位移量约2.3 m,破裂长度约32 km; 极震区推测烈度达Ⅷ度,区域涉及乌什县、阿合奇县,面积约4614 km2; 震中附近多个台站峰值加速度值大于该区设防标准,存在造成部分房屋和道路损坏的可能,经对比,与实际震害调查结果相吻合。 相似文献
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本文首先较为系统地回顾了终止相研究的历史、进展,对震源破裂过程产生终止震相的物理机制进行了讨论,并详细讨论了主事件分析法以及合成包含终止相的理论图的方法。在此基础上应用主事件分析法处理了唐山地震的实际资料,给出唐山地震的震源破裂过程的大致时空图象,同时计算了包括终止事件的合成图。结果表明,考虑破裂过程的终止事件可以较好地拟合P波观测图,从而进一步确认唐山地震震源破裂过程包括两次终止事件的可能性。此外本文还对唐山地震的震源环境以及调整单元的让位情况进行了讨论。 相似文献
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北京时间2022年6月10日1时28分四川阿坝州马尔康市(32.25°N,101.82°E)发生6.0级地震。中国地震台网中心于震后3min发布自动速报结果、震后约7min发布正式速报结果,同时联合多家单位启动地震应急产品产出工作,共产出震源参数、历史地震、地质构造、震源机制、余震精定位、推测烈度和震源破裂过程等9类应急产品,对于发震断层的孕震构造给出了初步约束。结果显示,本次地震发生在松岗断裂附近,位于青藏高原巴颜喀拉块体东部的阿坝次级地块;震源机制解表明该地震是一次走滑型事件,余震与主震性质整体一致。余震烈度速报推测极震区烈度达Ⅸ度,区域面积约70km2;Ⅷ度及以上区域面积约734km2,涉及7个乡。 相似文献
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北京时间2022年6月1日17时0分四川雅安市芦山县(30.37°N,102.94°E)发生6.1级地震,中国地震台网中心于震后3min发布自动速报结果、震后9min发布正式速报结果,同时联合多家单位启动地震应急产品产出工作,共产出震源参数、历史地震、地震构造、震源机制、余震精定位、推测烈度和震源破裂过程等9类应急产品。结果显示,本次地震发生在龙门山断裂带,位于青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块、岷山构造带、川滇构造带的交汇处;震源机制解表明该地震为一次逆冲型事件;余震精定位结果显示余震展布呈近NE向,与震中区域断裂走向基本一致;烈度速报推测极震区烈度达Ⅸ度,区域面积约2km2,Ⅷ度及以上区域总面积约197km2,涉及四镇一乡。 相似文献
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近期发展的震源反演方法并没有充分利用区域地震图的宽频带性质,原因是用平行层模型计算的格林函数和真实地壳的复杂传播现象不同。这种反演通常去掉了短周期成分,并且只反演记录中选定的部分。在本文中,我们介绍一种估算震源参数的方法,它可以较好地应用整个宽频带记录,而且只采用目前仅有的不完善的格林函数即可。这个方法通过分别拟合格林函数的各个部分来使得记录图与合成图主要的地壳到达波到时差别不大。确定震源参数的原 相似文献
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高金哲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(4):73-77
在MapSIS里用震源机制解研究地震带的程序,只能作些剖面图和三维立体图,做震源机制解靠震相的初动符号,但是如何运用已有的震源机制解资料来画应力分布图等没有提供,不能满足我们的实际需要,为了在实际工作中更好地利用震源机制解分析地震活动性,我们编写了这个程序,利用本文程序可以做到,在任何区域、任何深度内地震带的应力分布情况及地震震源机制解的玫瑰图、地震的节面图、断层的性质。提供了行之有效的程序,对日常的地震活动性分析有很大的帮助。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献