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1.
Landslides in Jordan have caused numerous problems during the past 40 years. The most critical slides occurred during the period of 1991/1992 after exceptional heavy rain and snowfall. Many disastrous landslides occurred along the newly reconstructed international highway that links Amman, Jerash and Irbid. Causes for these slides are attributed mainly to the lack of a comprehensive overview and geotechnical understanding of the problem.Many investigators have been interested in this problem of finding an adequate solution to such landslides in Jordan either by using theoretical analysis or by using computer software to solve the slope instability problems. A detailed study was conducted at the Jordan University of Science and Technology to investigate the potential causes and measures for this problem. Seven landslides along the mountainous section of this international highway were reviewed. One of these landslides was thoroughly investigated using a three-dimensional computer program called JUST-SLOPE introduced at the Jordan University of Science and Technology campus. Results of this study indicate that landslides at this site could have been predicted had this technique been applied prior to the occurrence of this slide. 相似文献
2.
Mohanned S. Al-Sheriadeh Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi Ashraf Al-Hamdan Nabil S. Abderahman 《Engineering Geology》2000,56(3-4):361-372
With a capacity of 86 MCM, King Talal Reservoir is considered a major water supply in Jordan. It was built exclusively to irrigate the land in the Jordan Valley. Unexpectedly, the design capacity of the reservoir was confronted by the elevated sediment inflows during and after the construction of the Irbid–Amman Highway in 1987. Since then the annual sediment inflow measured at the mouth of the reservoir was higher than expected in a similar year. Notably, the over-wet season of 1991/2, as a result of six major landslides along the highway, registered the highest sediment inflow into the reservoir. In the present work the fractional contribution of these landslides to total sediment yield at the reservoir was evaluated. The evaluation was made by applying the well-known erosion model, AGNPS (Young et al., USDA Conservation Research Report 35, 1987). To calibrate the model, it was successively applied from 1980/1 to 1990/1 on the measured sediment data before the occurrence of landslides. With a slight tune-up of some of the King Talal watershed erosion variables, fairly good agreement was obtained in some years. However, the disagreement noticed in other years might be attributed to some conservation measures practised in the watershed. Because the serious landslides occurred in the wet season of 1991/2, the model was run for the two scenarios in this year: with and without landslides. The difference in results represents the contribution of landslides to sediment yield at the reservoir. It is concluded, based on these results, that landslides, if continued without control, will definitely jeopardize the design capacity of the reservoir. 相似文献
3.
Analysis and remedies of landslides of cut slopes due to the presence of weak cohesive layers within stronger formations 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Several cases of instability of cut slopes along major highways in Jordan were reviewed in this study, in some detail. Emphasis
was placed on the Amman-Irbid highway, but some cases along the Na'ur-Dead Sea highway were also reviewed, with the aim of
establishing a wider database of case-studies and examining all possible mechanisms and factors influencing stability. The
study showed that major cut slope failures were caused by the presence of weak cohesive layers (mainly clayey marl) interbedded
within mostly stronger formations, in addition to the steep cutting angles and unfavorable dip of strata combined with relatively
high piezometric surface brought about by poor surface and subsurface drainage. No remedies were implemented to stabilize
major cut slope failures (at km 39+200, 44+300, and 56+400) along the Irbid-Jerash-Amman highway. The three major cut slope
failures require extensive remedial work and probably advanced geotechnology, which is expected to be expensive. To investigate
the influence of various parameters on slope stability, several analyses were performed in addition to back analyses to determine
shear strength parameters; parametric sensitivity studies were also performed on some cases. Data was obtained from previous
investigations by local and international firms and were screened and modified where needed before being used in stability
analyses. Considerable difference between back analysis and test result values for shear strength parameters were observed
in many cases. Failure surfaces and mechanisms were accurately depicted in most cases, allowing back analyses to be performed
with considerable confidence. The effective residual shear strength parameters for clayey marl needed for stability analysis
were found to be: c
r
′=5–18 kPa, and φ
r
′=13°–18°. The relation between total annual rainfall and occurrence of landslides was investigated; it was shown that all
landslides occurred in years of very high rainfall, with values always exceeding 400 mm. The probability of exceeding the
average total annual rainfall was found to be approximately 0.42 for the three gauging stations considered.
Received: 28 October 1996 · Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
4.
An expert system is developed for evaluating failure potential of cut slopes and embankments. The fuzzy sets theory is used
with the modified Monte Carlo simulation technique to obtain the Slope Failure Potential Index (SFPI) incorporating factors
affecting slope stability, such as geology, topography, geomorphology, precipitation, vegetation and drainage conditions.
The developed Cut Slopes and Embankments Expert System (CSEES) includes a classification system for evaluating failure potential
of cut slopes and embankments, and a data bank on landslides in Jordan. The proposed classification system and slope failure-potential
method proved to be successful for the areas that experienced landslides in the past. The expert system can be used directly
for areas with the same geological formations as those areas in which landslides occurred in the past and can be used for
areas with other geological formations by modifying the rock type or foundation-material type factor incorporated in the expert
system.
Received: 18 February 1998 · Accepted: 19 October 1998 相似文献
5.
在搜集和梳理全球一个多世纪以来灾难性工程滑坡实例的基础上,将人类工程活动诱发的滑坡分为4种基本类型和若干亚类：①采矿工程滑坡（包括地下采空型、露天采场型、尾矿坝及排土场型）;②水利水电工程滑坡（包括库区岸坡型、水库大坝型、灌溉工程型）;③线性基础设施工程滑坡（包括公路及铁路工程型、油气管道工程型）;（鸯城市建设复合型工程滑坡。重点剖析了国内外著名的工程滑坡灾害案例,并兼顾一般工程滑坡的共性特征进行分析,综述了各类典型工程滑坡灾害的发育特征、形成机制及部分处置措施。通过不同类型工程滑坡特征的比较分析,总结了工程滑坡成灾的教训和成功处置的经验,为未来工程项目区和城市化过程中工程滑坡的综合防治及风险减缓提供了参考。 相似文献
6.
为减少公路工程建设项目和地质灾害之间的相互影响,工程建设之前必须对工程建设用地存在的地质灾害进行评估。结合国道317线汶川至马尔康段公路改建工程的特点,对工程遭受或工程建设可能诱发加剧的滑坡和崩塌灾害发生的可能性作了分析,并提出相应的防治对策,为拟改建的公路建设提供指导性建议。 相似文献
7.
During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site. 相似文献
8.
山区高速公路路堑高边坡稳定性分析评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
山区地形地质条件复杂,深路堑高边坡多,切坡引发工程滑坡对公路工程的安全稳定影响巨大。结合铜汤路工程实践,阐述山区高速公路高边坡稳定性勘察评价方法,并建议采取综合防护措施,特别是以植物防护为主,结合工程防护的设计理念,确保边坡安全稳定,还大大改善了山区公路景观。 相似文献
9.
On May 21, 2021, at 21:48, the Ms6.4 Yangbi earthquake struck Dali prefecture, Yunnan province, China; the maximum PGA reached 714.78 gal, causing 37 casualties and infrastructures damage. A field investigation demonstrated that seismic landslides were concentrated along the G56 Hangrui and Dayangyun highways, classified as local rock falls and shear slides. The shear slides were more severe than the local rock falls and were located along the Dayangyun highway, which was still under construction when the earthquake occurred, severely impacting following engineering activities. Typical shear slides caused by the earthquake were selected for detailed investigations; electrical resistivity topography (ERT) was conducted to study the failure mechanism. The ERT results indicated that the sliding surface was located at the interface between the overburden layer and the underlying rock stratum. The slope failures along the Dayangyun highway were characterized by several tensile cracks on the rear edge, a relatively short displacement, and an accumulation at the toe of the excavated slope where reinforcement measures had not yet been completed. The combined effect of engineering activities and a geological structure provided favorable conditions for slope failure. In addition, seismic motion triggered the landslides; however, engineering activity was a specific and significant factor contributing to the shear slides during the Yangbi earthquake. Excavation and incomplete construction reduced the stability of the overburden soil layer. Although the scale of the seismic landslides in the Yangbi earthquake was generally small, the coming rainy season after the earthquake may contribute for sliding again.
相似文献10.
金沙江新桥滑坡群工程地质特征及治理措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金沙江溪洛渡水电站对外交通专用二级公路所经新桥古崩塌体(岩堆)规模巨大，形成历史久远，当地人民称其为“垮山地势”。新桥滑坡群是在新桥古崩塌体基础上形成的。由3块小滑体(E、F、G)构成的一个大型的岩堆滑坡群。每个滑坡规模不等，发育阶段不同，成因各异。新建二级公路推荐方案路线垂直于E、F、G3个滑坡主轴线，从滑坡体中上部通过。文章通过分析滑坡所处的工程地质环境，详细描述了各滑坡的工程地质特征，在定性及定量两个层次上综合评价了该滑坡群的稳定性，分析预测了工程对其可能产生的不利影响。根据该滑坡群的工程地质特征，针对性地提出了对直接威胁路线安全的E、F、G3块滑体的综合治理措施。从工程角度出发，总结了滑坡区的公路选线及治理原则。 相似文献
11.
12.
青藏高原是我国乃至世界高海拔多年冻土区的典型代表。伴随着青藏铁路的建成通车,西藏自治区迎来了新一轮经济发展,迫切需要新建高速公路、输变电线路、输油气管道工程等。这些拟建工程与已建的青藏公路、青藏铁路、格拉输油管道、兰西拉光缆等工程均聚集于宽度不足10km范围内的青藏工程走廊。在这狭长的冻土工程走廊内,已修建或拟建的各种冻土构筑物相互影响,多因素耦合叠加,加速区域内的冻土退化,而冻土融化必将影响到工程的稳定性和生态环境退化。再加上全球气候变化的影响,其变化程度更加剧烈。面对国家需求,国家重点基础研究发展项目"青藏高原重大冻土工程的基础研究"于2012年4月正式启动。该项目旨在揭示气候变化与人类工程活动加剧背景下冻土变化及灾害时空演化规律,建立冻土工程稳定性和服役性能评价体系,提出冻土工程灾害防治理论与控制对策,为冻土构筑物群灾害应急预案和重大冻土工程建设提供科学决策依据。 相似文献
13.
14.
As one of the major problems of geo-engineering, landslides often influence the safety of linear engineering projects that cross mountainous areas. Therefore, when selecting suitable routes for such projects, it is important to assess their susceptibility to landslides. In this paper, we used a natural gas pipeline in the northeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China as a case study to analyze landslide susceptibility. Based on engineering geological analogy, the analytical hierarchy process, and the least-squares method, a regional landslide susceptibility assessment model was developed and was programmed using GIS ArcEngine components under the Visual Studio.NET environment. The landslide susceptibility along the Zhong-Wu natural gas pipeline from Zhongxian County to Wuhan was assessed based on this model and classified into five levels: very safe, safe, moderate, susceptible, and very susceptible. The high accuracy and prediction capability of the model were confirmed by comparing the model results with past landslide data and performing a prediction test. The results indicated that the assessment model used in this study is reliable and can be used for landslide susceptibility assessment and route selection in other areas. 相似文献
15.
白兰高速公路沿线黄土场地震陷区判定与评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用DSD 160型电磁式振动三轴试验系统,通过对甘肃白银—兰州高速公路(国道109线)沿线黄土的震陷试验,探讨了该场地黄土在动荷载作用下的震陷特性。利用黄土震陷灾害预测方法和该地区黄土场地地震危险性分析结果,对该公路沿线黄土场地的震陷区进行了判定和评价。这些研究结果可作为该高速公路工程进行抗震设计和地震变形分析的基本依据,对黄土地区其它工程也有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
16.
万(州)-梁(平)高速公路K34～K59段滑坡成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
成永刚 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):11-14,33
万(州)-梁(平)高速公路K34-K59段滑坡十分发育，是重庆境内滑坡灾害最为严重的一段。该区地质条件复杂，岩体中缓倾角结构面、软化夹层发育，在外界因素触发下，即可形成岩层向临空面松弛滑移的依附面。1999年12月-2003年9月，该路段发生滑坡灾害23处，增加工程投资2亿多元，对高速公路的建设造成很大的危害和威胁，并拖延了工期，给国民经济建设带来严重的影响和损失。文章依据工程地质勘察结果，从该滑坡的地质环境及变形特征分析，对其形成机制做了深入研究，为今后类似滑坡的防治提供参考。近年来，在高等级公路的建设中，线形要求严格，在山区及丘陵地区往往需要采用开挖方式通过，由于建设中的不合理工程活动，新滑坡的产生以及老滑坡的复活可能性大增。致使滑坡灾害日趋严重。通过对影响岩质路堑边坡稳定性因素分析，说明了这些影响因素与边坡稳定性的关系。文章认为特殊的地质构造及易滑地层的广泛分布，是滑坡大量出现的地质基础。大量降雨入渗，不合理的人为工程是滑坡的诱发因素。各种情况表明，在今后一定时期内，人类活动可能成为滑坡的主要影响因素。 相似文献
17.
为对川藏交通廊道内道路工程的选定线及安全建设和运营提供科学决策及防灾减灾依据,在对拟建川藏铁路和高速公路沿线滑坡崩塌灾害进行系统野外调查和遥感解译的基础上,查明了川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段滑坡崩塌的空间分布特征和潜在危害情况,结合已有川藏公路沿线崩滑灾害的危害特征和危害方式,对该段廊道内滑坡崩塌灾害的可能危害方式进行了深入细致地归纳、分析和总结。研究结果表明:川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段共发育滑坡崩塌灾害488处,其中滑坡262处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）226处;对拟建道路工程存在潜在危害或影响的崩滑灾害共有148处,滑坡有89处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）59处。崩塌滑坡灾害对道路工程的危害方式主要有:（1）滑坡崩塌威胁隧道及其进出口安全;（2）滑坡崩塌推移、掩埋、损毁道路工程;（3）滑坡崩塌威胁站场、车站安全;（4）滑坡崩塌堵江断道、淹没道路工程;（5）滑坡崩塌转化为泥石流、洪水等灾害链危害道路工程;（6）崩塌、溜砂坡冲击、扰动、掩埋道路工程。 相似文献
18.
Ahmed M. Youssef Biswajeet Pradhan Norbert H. Maerz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2591-2601
The Al-Hada highway that descends towards the west of the city of At-Taif is a major connecting highway in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the series of descending roads connecting the holy city of Makkah and the city of Jeddah with the city of At-Taif and the cities farther south along the escarpment. The length of the Al-Hada highways is about 22 km. The Al-Hada highway has been historically exposed to landslides and other geohazards since the day it was opened to public some 60 years ago. The road has been reconstructed and many slope instabilities have been remediated and the road has been expanded to two lanes in each direction. Heavy rainfalls occurred on the 14th of April 2012 in the province of At-Taif, causing huge debris flows in two places along the Al-Hada highway. As a result of that, these debris flows closed all four lanes of the highway for 2 weeks in order to remove the debris. The current research deals with mapping of all debris flows along Al-Hada highway and determining their volumes and their impact on the road. Finally, suitable solutions have been suggested to address these critical sites to minimize and/or avoid the debris flow hazards in the future. 相似文献
19.
国道212线甘肃段地貌特征与滑坡泥石流关系研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
国道212线甘肃段是甘肃省南北向的主要通道,在甘肃境内全长707km,公路沿线是我国滑坡、泥石流的主要发育区,特别是陇南市的宕昌武都段是我国最主要的滑坡、泥石流灾害区之一。线路通过地区的自然地理条件迥异,造成滑坡、泥石流类型和性质有很大差别。本文分析了该区地形地貌时、时空规律性及其与滑坡、泥石流的关系,为未来的高速公路建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
基于模糊综合评判的公路岩质边坡稳定性分级研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
公路岩质边坡具有点多线长、规模小的特点,缺乏详细的岩体力学参数,现有岩体分级系统难以应用。根据公路岩质边坡的特点,考虑建模过程的系统全面性、简明科学性、相对独立性及灵活可操作性,选取合理的边坡稳定性评价指标,建立了边坡稳定性的两层综合评价体系,运用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重矩阵,采用模糊综合评判方法建立了公路岩质边坡的稳定性分级模型。运用该模型对湖南省常德－吉首高速公路路段内142个岩质边坡稳定性进行了模糊综合评判分级,结果表明,该方法是合理实用的,可供同类工程借鉴。 相似文献