共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
一个定义在球面局部区域的复杂的面波速度函数如果直接利用球谐函数拟合可能需要展开到很高阶的球谐系数．通过保角变换，把一个球面局部区域扩展到球面上更大的区域上，变换过程中面波速度保持不变，在变换后的球面域上用球谐函数来拟合速度函数，达到降低球谐系数阶数的目的，使面波群速度的反演变成了球谐系数的线性化反演.通过球谐系数分析，可得到反演的分辨率.该方法不仅适用于面波群速度反演，同样适用于各种球面区域场的分析. 相似文献
2.
关于区域性的地震面波层析反演方法的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
讨论了在地球表面局部区域进行面波层析反演时所用的各种反演方法，指出各种方法用于区域性层析反演时的优缺点，并就由面波资料对区域性的地壳和上地幔结构进行反演的方法──分块反演方法、本征函数展开法、球面雷当变换方法、Ｔａｒａｎｔｏｌａ概率方法和波形反演的方法进行了讨论。指出了各种方法的优缺点及适用范围，并对一些方法进行了数值模拟，给出了计算实例。关键词 相似文献
3.
本文将医学上常用的卷积反投影法转用于面波品质因数 Q 值空间分布的扫描反演,在前文中已应用于反演四川及其附近地区而波 Q 值的空间分布,由台站记录的面波振幅、周期等数据,通过计算每条射线的吸收特征时间,利用卷积反投影法反演出 Q 值的空间分布,为了求得在较大范围内面波 Q 值空间分布,就要使反演区域能够覆盖更为广阔的面积。文中叙述了如何将扫描单框进行移动和叠加,使得较大的球面区域的 Q 值分布能够由较小单框的平面 Q 值分布值,经过移动和叠加,直至所有参加反演的平面小单框都能覆盖住预想的球面大区域,除去边缘部分之外。在经纬度网上都有一个以上 Q 值数据,通过计算每个点上的平均 Q 值和均方误差,可以获得大区域中的平均面波 Q 值分布及其均方误差的等值线.经过进一步的加权处理,获得效果较好的 Q 值分布结果。 相似文献
4.
近年来,Love波多道分析技术在浅地表结构探测中受到越来越广泛的应用.与Rayleigh波相比,Love波相速度不受纵波速度影响,其反演参数较少,可使反演过程更加稳定、求解的横波速度模型更加可靠.高分辨率和多模式面波频散分析是面波多道分析技术中至关重要的一环.本文利用改进Frequency-Bessel变换法对主动源Love波进行频散分析.通过改进的0阶Frequency-Bessel变换,将时间-空间域多道Love波记录变换到频率-波数域,获得其频散能量谱.通过公式推导和数值模拟,验证了该方法的有效性.实例测试表明,该方法具有较高的分辨率和多模式分辨能力,为多分量面波勘探提供了一种有效的频散分析手段. 相似文献
5.
以全球地震面波相速度变化问题为例，使用约３００００道高质量的面波记录数据集，在数据空间和模型空间的误差服从零平均Ｇａｕｓｓ随机分布的假设下，研究反演中的阻尼和参量化问题．发现最佳分块尺度随频率增高而减小；分块参量化方法比球谐展开方法引入的人为因素少，但难以分辨甚低阶横向非均匀性，除非施加极端的空间平滑；球谐函数展开则具备恢复长波结构的优点．为此提出一种混合参量反演方法：首先用球谐函数作为全球基函数，恢复相速度的低阶球谐分量，然后用此作为进一步反演的初始模型，用分块模型迭代反演，得到最终结果． 相似文献
6.
以全球地震面波相速度变化问题为例，使用约３００００道高质量的面波记录数据集，在数据空间和模型空间的误差服从零平均Ｇａｕｓｓ随机分布的假设下，研究反演中的阻尼和参量化问题．发现最佳分块尺度随频率增高而减小；分块参量化方法比球谐展开方法引入的人为因素少，但难以分辨甚低阶横向非均匀性，除非施加极端的空间平滑；球谐函数展开则具备恢复长波结构的优点．为此提出一种混合参量反演方法：首先用球谐函数作为全球基函数，恢复相速度的低阶球谐分量，然后用此作为进一步反演的初始模型，用分块模型迭代反演，得到最终结果． 相似文献
7.
本文首次提出基于六边形网格剖分的全球重力场结构,并解决了局部六边形网格点模型重力异常快速计算问题.首先,采用全新的方法给出缔合Legendre函数值从稳定振荡区到快速衰减区分界线的理论表达式,并基于该公式提出一种基于跨阶次递推的非全次Legendre方法,实现了高纬度地区点的快速球谐综合.其次,引入球谐旋转(Spherical Harmonic Rotation)理论,实现了 2160阶次的球谐系数在坐标系旋转下的变换,结合非全次Legendre方法,解决了中低纬度地区点的快速球谐综合.通过计算南极洲(高纬)低分辨率和加里曼丹岛(低纬)高分辨率六边形网格重力异常表明,非全次Legendre方法以10-19m·s-2精度水平与传统全阶次方法计算结果吻合,且计算效率提升1倍多,旋转变换结合非全次Legendre方法的计算精度在10-16m·s-2,效率提升近5倍.本文提出的方法不仅提升了球谐综合的计算效率,凡是有高纬度的缔合Legendre函数计算的问题,都可利用该方法提升效率,同时,超高阶次球谐旋转变量变换的实现将在地磁场模型构建、计算机视觉、量子物理等领域发挥重要作用. 相似文献
8.
本文运用CT技术反演地壳面波品质因数Q值空间分布,采用在医学上X—CT技术中的卷积反投影方法,引用 Radon 变换反演和图像重建方法来拟合地壳面波 Q 值的空间分布。由600次地震实际的2200条地震波射线的面波振幅、周期资料,进行实际地壳 Q 值反演,首先获得四川盆地附近:北纬26°—34°,东经103°—112°范围的面波 Q 值分布,作出该区 Q=210-255的等值线图,其平均 Q 值为225,在四川盆地中部面波 Q 值偏高,这可能与该盆地中部沉积物介质比较均匀,非弹性成分较少有关。然后以上述经纬度范围的四川盆地为基地,将面波扫描的方框分别向北、向南、向西、向东移动各2度,再做四次 Q 值成像,取其中间重迭部位,计算 Q 值的平均值及其残差,得每经纬度为半度的像素中观测误差的空间分布图。求得该范围的平均误差为8%。进一步将平面范围地震面波 Q 值成象扩大成球面上的投影成像:系将上述单框 Q 值图像沿经纬度方向各移动2度进行叠加,使若干个平面小单框复盖在预想的球面上的大区域上,除去边缘部分之外,在该范围的经纬度网上都叠加有一个以上的 Q 值数据,通过计算每个网点上的平均 Q 值及其标准误差的等值线,可获得球面上大范围的 Q 值成象图。得到了7×7框范围内的面波 Q 值分布图。本文探讨了 Q值成像在改进面波震级标度和解释地震震级的路径校正值以及为地震监测预报服务的研究前景。 相似文献
9.
本文基于地震面波的射线理论,引入Radon变换和卷积反投影,先由假设的地壳面波品质因数Q值为椭园分布的模型,由正演方法计算若干组面波吸收特征t~*,然后基于这组t~*,用x-CT技术上常用的卷积反投影方法计算该处附近的Q值空间分布,并将这两组Q值分布进行比较,求得面波Q值拟合反演的误差在10%左右. 相似文献
10.
时域全波形反演由于采用了全频段信息,因此在迭代过程中不同波长的信息不能由低到高的逐步重建,极易陷入局部极小值.本文通过分频段的方式,对地震数据做正反傅里叶变换,利用频域指数衰减的方法逐级分离出地震数据中的高频成分,在时域上实现由低频向高频的波形反演,从而降低了反演的非线性,使不同波长的信息得到稳步恢复.同时,在高频成分衰减的过程中,后至波的能量也被削弱,由此也降低了深层反射在初始反演过程中的干扰.整个反演仅增加对数据做正反傅里叶变换过程,相较于混合域反演,无需提取全部波场的相应频率成分.在计算效率方面,利用GPU进行加速,并采用CUDA自带函数库中cufft来提高计算效率.通过对Marmousi模型测试,验证了所述方法的有效性. 相似文献
11.
T. J. Lee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(2):309-338
The integral equation for the electromagnetic response of a sphere in a layered medium may be solved as follows. First, the unknown time harmonic electric field in the sphere is expanded in spherical vector waves. Secondly, the coefficients for these wave functions are found by a set of equations. The equations are found by multiplying the integral equation throughout by each wave function and integrating over the spherical conductor.Once the unknown coefficients have been determined, then the transient response may be found by taking the inverse Fourier transform. In carrying out the Fourier transform one learns that for most of the time range used in prospecting, only the lowest order vector wave function is significant. A study of the singularities of the spectrum of the transient shows that, for the time range considered, only a single branch cut is significant. There are no pole type responses. That is, the field does not decay exponentially. Previous studies of a sphere in free space reported only pole type responses. That is, at the later stages, the field decays exponentially. This study shows that, in order to model satisfactorily the effect of the host rock on transient electromagnetic fields, the sphere must be placed in layered ground. 相似文献
12.
V. Midzi 《Journal of Seismology》2001,5(4):559-574
Group velocities estimated from fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh waves are used in a tomography process in central-southern Africa. The waves were generated by eighteen earthquakes, which occurred along the East African Rift and recorded at BOSA, LBTB and SLR seismic stations in southern Africa. The group velocities from Love and Rayleigh waves were isolated using the Multiple Filter Technique (MFT) at the period range of 10 to 50 seconds. The tomography method developed by Ditmar and Yanovskaya (1987) and Yanovskaya and Ditmar (1990), was applied to calculate the lateral distribution of surface wave group velocities in central-southern Africa. The results of the tomographic inversion were plotted as distribution maps. In addition to the maps, I also produced two velocity cross-sections across the area of study. The velocity distribution maps show the regional tectonic units, though with poor resolution. The azimuthal bias of the surface wave paths is reflected in the distribution of the group velocities. The Moho depth appears to correlate with velocities at a period of about 30 s. A low velocity feature observed beneath the Zimbabwe craton implies a thickening upper asthenosphere and lithospheric thinning beneath the Zimbabwe craton. Also estimated was a shear wave velocity model beneath the Zimbabwe craton. 相似文献
13.
W. Friederich 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):649-667
—A general relation linking the elasticity tensor of an anisotropic medium with that of the constituting single crystals and the function describing the orientation distribution of the crystals is derived. By expanding the orientation distribution function (ODF) into tensor spherical harmonics and using canonical components of the elasticity tensors, it is shown that the elastic tensor of the medium is completely determined by a finite number of expansion coefficients, namely those with harmonic degree l≤ 4. The number of expansion coefficients actually needed to determine the elastic constants of the medium depends on the symmetry of the single crystals. For hexagonal symmetry of the single crystals it is shown that only 8 real numbers are required to fix the 13 elastic constants which are for example needed to determine the azimuthal dependence of surface wave velocities. Thus, inversions of observations of seismic anisotropy are feasible which do not make any a priori assumptions on the orientation of the crystals. As a byproduct of the derivation, a formula is given which allows the easy calculation of the elastic constants of a medium composed of hexagonal crystals obeying an arbitrary ODF. An application of the theoretical results to the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves for an anisotropic 1D-mantle model is presented. For the S-wave velocities the results are similar to those of previous inversions but the new approach also yields P-wave velocities consistent with the assumption of oriented olivine. Moreover it provides a hint of the orientation distribution of the crystals. 相似文献
14.
The elastic and anelastic structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the Iberian Peninsula is derived by means of tomographic
techniques applied to local phase and group velocities and local attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh wave fundamental mode.
The database consists of surface wavetrains recorded at the broadband stations located in the Iberian Peninsula on the occasion
of the ILIHA project. Path-averaged phase and group velocities and attenuation coefficients were previously obtained by standard
filtering techniques of surface wavetrains and, subsequently, local dispersion curves were computed according to the Yanovskaya-Ditmar
formulation. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) and the average linkage (AL) clustering algorithm are applied to
these local values in order to classify the Iberian Peninsula in several rather homogeneous domains from the viewpoint of
the similarity of the corresponding local dispersion curves, without previous seismotectonic constraints. Second, averaged
phase and group velocities and attenuation coefficients representing each homogeneous region are used to derive the respective
elastic and anelastic models of the lithosphere and asthenosphere. This purpose is achieved by using the uncoupled causal
inversion of phase and group velocities and attenuation coefficients. The main features of the homogeneous regions are discussed
by taking as reference the Hercynic, Alpine and Neogene domains of the Iberian Peninsula, and two questions affecting the
reliability of the elastic-anelastic models are revised. First, the coherence of the shear-velocity and Qβ−1 models obtained by causal uncoupled inversion for each region is analysed. Second, the influence of the causal phase and
group velocities on the shear-velocity models is evaluated by comparing elastic and anelastic models derived from causal uncoupled
inversion with those deduced from non-causal inversion. 相似文献
15.
Robert Tenzer Pavel Novák Ilya Prutkin Artu Ellmann Peter Vajda 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2009,53(2):157-167
To reduce the numerical complexity of inverse solutions to large systems of discretised integral equations in gravimetric
geoid/quasigeoid modelling, the surface domain of Green’s integrals is subdivided into the near-zone and far-zone integration
sub-domains. The inversion is performed for the near zone using regional detailed gravity data. The farzone contributions
to the gravity field quantities are estimated from an available global geopotential model using techniques for a spherical
harmonic analysis of the gravity field. For computing the far-zone contributions by means of Green’s integrals, truncation
coefficients are applied. Different forms of truncation coefficients have been derived depending on a type of integrals in
solving various geodetic boundary-value problems. In this study, we utilise Molodensky’s truncation coefficients to Green’s
integrals for computing the far-zone contributions to the disturbing potential, the gravity disturbance, and the gravity anomaly.
We also demonstrate that Molodensky’s truncation coefficients can be uniformly applied to all types of Green’s integrals used
in solving the boundaryvalue problems. The numerical example of the far-zone contributions to the gravity field quantities
is given over the area of study which comprises the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The coefficients of a global geopotential model
and a detailed digital terrain model are used as input data. 相似文献
16.
Bispherical coordinates are used to derive an exact mathematical solution for the potential field generated by direct current electric conduction in an earth model consisting of two spherical inclusions in a uniform whole-space. The solution takes the form of a spherical harmonic expansion in bispherical coordinates; coefficients in the expansion are obtained by solving sets of linear equations. Rapid forward modelling of numerous interesting situations in d.c. resistivity prospecting is facilitated by the generality and computational efficiency inherent to this new solution. For example, the accuracy of image (or superposition) methods for calculating potential solutions can be quantified. Similarly, the ability of d.c. conduction methods to resolve two distinct bounded bodies in three-dimensional space can be examined by repeatedly calculating the secondary potential or apparent resistivity response of an earth model as a selected parameter is varied. Synthetic mise à la masse, crosshole, or areal potential data sets can be generated for subsequent use in inversion studies. Improvements in solution technique derived here also apply to a simpler model consisting of a single sphere buried in a half-space. 相似文献
17.
Most amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis and inversion techniques are based on the Zoeppritz equations for plane‐wave reflection coefficients or their approximations. Real seismic surveys use localized sources that produce spherical waves, rather than plane waves. In the far‐field, the AVO response for a spherical wave reflected from a plane interface can be well approximated by a plane‐wave response. However this approximation breaks down in the vicinity of the critical angle. Conventional AVO analysis ignores this problem and always utilizes the plane‐wave response. This approach is sufficiently accurate as long as the angles of incidence are much smaller than the critical angle. Such moderate angles are more than sufficient for the standard estimation of the AVO intercept and gradient. However, when independent estimation of the formation density is required, it may be important to use large incidence angles close to the critical angle, where spherical wave effects become important. For the amplitude of a spherical wave reflected from a plane fluid‐fluid interface, an analytical approximation is known, which provides a correction to the plane‐wave reflection coefficients for all angles. For the amplitude of a spherical wave reflected from a solid/solid interface, we propose a formula that combines this analytical approximation with the linearized plane‐wave AVO equation. The proposed approximation shows reasonable agreement with numerical simulations for a range of frequencies. Using this solution, we constructed a two‐layer three‐parameter least‐squares inversion algorithm. Application of this algorithm to synthetic data for a single plane interface shows an improvement compared to the use of plane‐wave reflection coefficients. 相似文献