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1.
新疆拜城县波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为富含铌、钽、铀、钍、稀土、锆、铷、铯、锂等有用元素的含矿岩体.通过偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)分析, 对拜城波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩的矿物学特征进行了详细的研究, 并对岩浆形成的构造背景进行了初步探讨, 这对成岩、成矿作用研究有一定参考意义.研究结果表明, 波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为黑云母碱性花岗岩, 主要造岩矿物包括石英、钠长石、钾长石、钠铁闪石、锂云母和黑云母等.其中, 黑云母为锂铁叶云母, 以富Si富Fe、低Al贫Mg为特征; 锂云母以富Si、高Li低Al为特征, 它们为黑云母-锂铁云母系列的不同成员, 均属三八面体型.钠铁闪石以富含Fe2+为特征.副矿物包括烧绿石、星叶石、氟铈矿、独居石、钍石、萤石、锆石、铌铁矿等.岩石形成于非造山的板内构造环境, 且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点.   相似文献   

2.
本次研究从钾镁煌斑岩中挑选出上万个微球粒进行了系统研究。微球粒有三种：无磁性无色透明一半透明浅贡色、棕褐色至不透明黑色；弱磁性－强磁性黑色；强磁性钢灰色铁质。除微球粒外，还有岩浆溅射碎片和炉渣状溅射碎片等火山尘。微球粒具有火山喷发条件下可出现的多种多样的表面结构和内部结构。其化学成分主要为（１）贫铁型，富Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｐ，贫Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｋ；（２）富铁型，富ＳＩ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｋ，贫Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ  相似文献   

3.
Experimental batch and miscible-flow cultures were studied in order to determine the mechanistic pathways of microbial Fe(III) respiration in ferruginous smectite clay, NAu-1. The primary purpose was to resolve if alteration of smectite and release of Fe precedes microbial respiration. Alteration of NAu-1, represented by the morphological and mineralogical changes, occurred regardless of the extent of microbial Fe(III) reduction in all of our experimental systems, including those that contained heat-killed bacteria and those in which O2, rather than Fe(III), was the primary terminal electron acceptor. The solid alteration products observed under transmission electron microscopy included poorly crystalline smectite with diffuse electron diffraction signals, discrete grains of Fe-free amorphous aluminosilicate with increased Al/Si ratio, Fe-rich grains, and amorphous Si globules in the immediate vicinity of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances. In reducing systems, Fe was also found as siderite. The small amount of Fe partitioned to the aqueous phase was primarily in the form of dissolved Fe(III) species even in the systems in which Fe(III) was the primary terminal electron acceptor for microbial respiration. From these observations, we conclude that microbial respiration of Fe(III) in our laboratory systems proceeded through the following: (1) alteration of NAu-1 and concurrent release of Fe(III) from the octahedral sheets of NAu-1; and (2) subsequent microbial respiration of Fe(III).  相似文献   

4.
湖南宁乡钾镁煌斑岩中火山微球粒的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本次研究从钾镁煌斑岩中挑选出上万个微球粒进行了系统研究。微球粒有三种：无磁性无色透明—半透明浅黄色、棕褐色至不透明黑色；弱磁性—强磁性黑色；强磁性钢灰色铁质。除微球粒外，还有岩浆溅射碎片和炉渣伏溅射碎片等火山尘。微球粒具有火山喷发条件下可出现的多种多样的表面结构和内部结构。其化学成分主要为：（１）贫铁型，富Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｐ，贫Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｋ；（２）富铁型，富Ｓｉ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｋ，贫Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ；（３）高铁型，以Ｆｅ为主。单个微球粒中还出现高Ｓｉ相和高Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ相。据微球粒化学成分的多样性推测，在钾镁煌斑岩浆侵位至地壳深部环境下，经历过液态熔离作用，当火山喷发时，在快速冷凝条件下形成火山微球粒。  相似文献   

5.
Ultrafiltration experiments using new small ultracentifugal filter devices were performed at different pore size cut-offs to allow the study of organo-colloidal control on metal partitioning in water samples. Two shallow, circumneutral pH waters from the Mercy site wetland (western France) were sampled: one dissolved organic carbon (DOC)- and Fe-rich and a second DOC-rich and Fe-poor. Major- and trace-element cations and DOC concentrations were analysed and data treated using an ascendant hierarchical classification method. This reveals the presence of three groups: (i) a “truly” dissolved group (Na, K, Rb, Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Si and Ni); (ii) an inorganic colloidal group carrying Fe, Al and Th; and (iii) an organic colloidal group enriched in Cr, Mn, Co, Cu and U. However, REE and V have an ambivalent behaviour, being alternatively in the organic pool and in the inorganic pool depending on sample. Moreover, organic speciation calculation using Model VI were performed on both samples for elements for which binding constants were available (Ca, Mg, Ni, Fe, Al, Th, Cr, Cu, Dy, Eu). Calculation shows relatively the same partitioning of these elements as ultrafiltration does. However, some limitations appear such as (i) a direct use of ultrafiltration results which tends to overestimate the fraction of elements bound to humic material in the inorganic pool as regards to model calculations as well as, (ii) a direct use of speciation calculation results which tends to overestimate the fraction of elements bound to humic material in the organic pool with regard to ultrafiltration results. Beside these limitations, one can consider that both techniques, ultrafiltration and speciation calculation, give complementary information, especially for more complex samples where inorganic and organic colloids compete.  相似文献   

6.
We have measured with an electron microprobe the Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe contents of five strongly heated stony cosmic spherules (sCS) from the South Pole water well. We have also measured the isotopic compositions of Si, and when possible of Mg and of Fe in these objects by ion microprobe. Except for iron, the measured elemental compositions are chondritic within a factor of 2. In four samples, the ratio of 57Fe/56Fe exceeds the terrestrial value by 3.5‰ to 48‰. Mass-dependent fractionation of the isotopes of Si ranges from ∼2 to ∼8 ‰/AMU in three samples. Mg is clearly fractionated in only one sample, for which δ25Mg = ∼8 ‰. The extent of mass-dependent fractionation of the isotopes and, by implication, of evaporative loss generally follows a trend Mg < Si < Fe. The trend is similar to that found in laboratory heating experiments of charges with solar composition. Although the observed isotopic inhomogeneities within some samples call into question the strict validity of the Rayleigh equation for the sCS, its approximate application to our new and to previously published results for Mg suggests that evaporative losses of greater than 40 wt.% occur rarely from sCS, and that the precursor grains of the sCS had a CM-carbonaceous-chondrite-like complement of Mg, Si, Ca, and Al. Low Fe contents relative to CM abundances could reflect an unusual precursor composition, or, more probably, losses by processes that did not fractionate isotopes, i.e., ejection of immiscible FeS and FeNi beads from the melt or rapid, complete separation and decomposition of FeS at the surface.  相似文献   

7.
应用扫描电子显微镜对白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石的体壁进行了能谱分析，测出了笔石体壁中的Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ７种元素的含量，其中Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ６种元素含量稳定，含量从高到低依次为Ｆｅ，Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｓ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ。这６种元素可能是构成笔石体壁原始化学成分中的重要元素。  相似文献   

8.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) reveals red and blue colors within single, non-turbid albite (Ab98–99) grains from the Georgeville granite, Nova Scotia. A 720 nm X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) peak characterizes red CL regions, while a 280 nm XEOL feature dominates blue CL regions. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence results indicate that red CL and the 720 nm XEOL peak intensities relate to total Fe concentrations. The relationship between red CL and Fe content is confirmed by electron microprobe (EMPA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The XEOL technique is used to exclude the Fe K-edge as the cause of red CL. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results indicate that Fe in both the red and blue CL regions is Fe3+, and that red CL activation may relate to the Si–Al order of the feldspar and to the distribution of Fe on tetrahedral sites. The CL textures, combined with EMPA and LA-ICPMS analyses, indicate that blue CL albite (Ab98) regions contain higher concentrations of Ca, Ti, Pb and rare earth elements, and were replaced, in part, by a more Fe-rich, trace element depleted albite (Ab99) which displays red CL. Complex diffraction contrasts and amorphous deposits identified in transmission electron microscope images suggest that aqueous fluids have reacted with both red and blue CL regions. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures of up to 430 °C provide a lower estimate of the fluid temperature.  相似文献   

9.
Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung von Ankeritgesteinen des Steirischen Erberges mit der Mikrosonde und mit dem Auflichtmikroskop hat gezeigt, daß man im wesentlichen zwischen drei Ankeritgesteinstypen zu unterscheiden hat: 1. Feinkörnige Fe-arme Ankeritgesteine mit stark wechselndem Mg/Fe-Verhältnis der einzelnen Ankeritkörner, 2. Feinkörnige Fe-reiche Ankeritgesteine einheitlicher Zusammensetzung 3. Überwiegend gangförmig auftretende, spätige Fe-reiche Ankeritgesteine einheitlicher Zusammensetzung. Innerhalb eines stratigraphisch gleichwertigen, tektonisch ungestörten Gesteinshorizontes liegen die feinkörnigen Fe-reichen Ankeritgesteine entweder zwischen feinkörnigen Fe-armen Ankeritgesteinen und Sideriten oder zwischen Kalken und Sideriten. Die spätigen Fe-reichen Ankeritgesteine treten sowohl zwischen den feinkörnigen Fe-reichen Ankeritgesteinen gesteinen und Sideriten, als auch gang-und nesterförmig innerhalb dieser Gesteine auf. Sie dringen auch querschlägig in die Basisbreccien ein, womit Permoskyth als untere Grenze ihres Bildungszeitraumes angegeben werden kann.Die stark wechselnde Zusammensetzung einzelner Ankeritkörner in den feinkörnigen Fe-armen Ankeritgesteinen wird als Hinweis auf eine primär-sedimentäre Bildung angesehen. Die feinkörnigen Fe-reichen Ankeritgesteine stellen Reaktionsprodukte sedimentär gebildeter Kalke, Ankerit-und Sideritgesteine während der variszischen Orogenese dar; die Bildung der spätigen Fe-reichen Ankeritgesteine erfolgt während der alpidischen Orogenese. Bei Verwendung der Fe-reichen Ankerite des Erzberges als Geothermometer ergeben sich Modell-Metamorphosetemperaturen von etwa 400°C bei Drucken von 2–3 kbar. Die zu Vergleichszwecken untersuchten Ankeritgesteine aus Vorkommen der Gollrader Bucht und des östlichen Endes der Grauwackenzone lassen Bildungstemperaturen von etwa 350°C erwarten.
Ankerite rocks and the genesis of siderite deposits in the Eastern Grauwacken zone, Austria
Summary Investigations of ankerite rocks from the Steirische Erzberg region by microprobe and ore microscopy have revealed three main ankerite rock types: 1. fine grained ankerite rock with low Fe content and variable Mg/Fe ratio in the individual grains; 2. fine-grained Fe-rich ankerite rock with uniform composition; 3. sparry Fe-rich ankerite rock of uniform composition occurring essentially as veins. Within a stratigraphically uniform, tectonically undisturbed bed the fine-grained Fe-rich ankerite rocks lie either between fine-grained Fe-poor ankerite rocks and siderites or between limestones and siderites. The sparry Fe-rich ankerite rocks occur between the fine-grained Fe-rich ankerite rocks and siderites as well as in veins and nodules within these rocks. They also cut into and through the basal breccia; this suggests a Permosky thian age as the lower limit for their formation. The widely varying composition of individual ankerite grains in the fine-grained Fe-poor ankerite rocks is regraded as an indication of a primary sedimentary formation. The fine-grained Fe-rich ankerite rocks represent reaction products of sedimentary limestone, ankerite and siderite rocks during the Variscan orogenesis. The formation of the sparry Fe-rich ankerite rocks occurred during the alpine orogenic phase.Application of Fe-rich ankerites as a geothermometer results in model metamorphic temperatures of about 400°C at pressures from 2 to 3 kbar. The ankerite rocks from the Gollrader Bucht and the Eastern end of the Grauwacken zone which were examined for purposes of comparison lead one to expect formation temperatures of about 350°C.

Mit 5 Abbildungen  相似文献   

10.
王建  李建平 《矿物学报》2003,23(2):115-123
对西秦岭礼县新生代钾霞橄黄长岩系中的基质相含钛透辉石进行了矿物化学研究，根据透辉石中Ti和Al的含量划分出低Ti—透辉石和高Ti—铝透辉石两种基本类型，它们作为同源岩浆演化结晶的产物，结晶顺序前者先于后者。火山岩系的透辉石[Ca(Mg，Fe)Si2O6]结晶过程中广泛存在着CaTiAl2O6(钛辉石)分子替代，晚期熔体富Ti、Al贫Si、Mg。百草山岩筒是演化岩浆结晶的产物，熔体向富Ti、Al、Fe^3 、Na，贫Mg、Si趋势演化；在透辉石成分上表现为CaTiAl2O6和NaFe^3 Si2O6(锥辉石)端元分子对Ca(Mg，Fe)Si2O6的替代。本地区基质相透辉石与世界上典型地区的钾霞橄黄长岩系的透辉石具有不同程度的可比性，反映了这种特殊的岩浆熔体成分在一定程度上控制着透辉石的结晶过程和阳离子在矿物晶格中的占位。  相似文献   

11.
Compositional maps of orthopyroxene and garnet of contrasting grain size and in contact with different minerals were made from two paragneiss granulites from the Minto terrane of northern Quebec. The compositional maps provide clear evidence of late exchange of Fe/(Fe + Mg) after Ca in garnet and Al in orthopyroxene had been quenched-in. The extent of late Fe-Mg exchange was controlled by neighbouring minerals, with negligible Fe-Mg gradients against plagioclase and quartz, and substantial gradients against exchangeable Fe-Mg minerals. Cores of grains in contact with exchangeable Fe-Mg neighbours are progressively more reset in Fe/(Fe + Mg) as grain size decreases, whereas cores of even small grains surrounded by only plagioclase and quartz are not significantly different in Fe/(Fe + Mg) than cores of the largest grains. Gradients of Ca in garnet and of Al in orthopyroxene in grains of uniform Fe/(Fe + Mg) preserve a high-temperature retrograde history during which intergranular exchange effected compositional uniformity of mineral rims and intragranular Fe-Mg diffusion in garnet and orthopyroxene was rapid enough to homogenize Fe/(Fe + Mg). The transition from efficient intergranular exchange at relatively high temperatures to local Fe-Mg exchange at lower temperatures may have been controlled by loss of an intergranular exchange medium in the rock, possibly an internally generated dehydration melt phase. Implications for geothermometry of granulites include the following (numerical values are particular to this study): (1) core compositions of garnet and orthopyroxene grains in contact with exchangeable neighbours may be reset in Fe/(Fe + Mg) relative to the most refractory compositions by an amount equivalent to 120d? C; (2) Fe-Mg exchange thermometry using even the most refractory Fe/(Fe + Mg) compositions may not record peak granulite conditions, possibly recording instead the temperature at which an intergranular exchange medium was lost from the rock; and (3) temperature-sensitive net transfer equilibria involving Al solubility in orthopyroxene yield temperatures up to 150d? C higher than maximum Fe-Mg exchange temperatures, even in grains with flat Fe/(Fe - Mg) compositional profiles, making them a better means of estimating peak granulite temperatures than Fe-Mg exchange thermometry.  相似文献   

12.
Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone at Black Mesa, Arizona, was characterized with high-resolution transmission and analytical electron microscope (HRTEM-AEM) and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). Here, we report the first HRTEM observation of a 10-nm thick amorphous layer on naturally weathered K-feldspar in currently slightly alkaline groundwater. The amorphous layer is probably deficient in K and enriched in Si. In addition to the amorphous layer, the feldspar surfaces are also partially coated with tightly adhered kaolin platelets. Outside of the kaolin coatings, feldspar grains are covered with a continuous 3-5 μm thick layer of authigenic smectite, which also coats quartz and other sediment grains. Authigenic K-feldspar overgrowth and etch pits were also found on feldspar grains. These characteristics of the aged feldspar surfaces accentuate the differences in reactivity between the freshly ground feldspar powders used in laboratory experiments and feldspar grains in natural systems, and may partially contribute to the commonly observed apparent laboratory-field dissolution rate discrepancy. At Black Mesa, feldspars in the Navajo Sandstone are dissolving at ∼105 times slower than laboratory rate at comparable temperature and pH under far from equilibrium condition. The tightly adhered kaolin platelets reduce the feldspar reactive surface area, and the authigenic K-feldspar overgrowth reduces the feldspar reactivity. However, the continuous smectite coating layer does not appear to constitute a diffusion barrier. The exact role of the amorphous layer on feldspar dissolution kinetics depends on the origin of the layer (leached layer versus re-precipitated silica), which is uncertain at present. However, the nanometer thin layer can be detected only with HRTEM, and thus our study raises the possibility of its wide occurrence in geological systems. Rate laws and proposed mechanisms should consider the possibility of this amorphous layer on feldspar surface.  相似文献   

13.
西秦岭礼县地区新生代钾霞橄黄长岩系的单斜辉石   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
对西秦岭礼县地区钾霞橄橄黄长质火山岩系中单斜辉石进行了矿物化学研究，斑晶相单斜辉石类型复杂，成分变化范围大，具有多源属性，基质相单斜辉石可以分为高Ti铝透辉石和含Ti透辉石两种基本类型，它们是同源岩浆演化结晶的产物。结晶顺序前者晚于后者，岩系中透辉石Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6结晶过程中广泛存在于CaTiAl2O6分子替代，晚期熔体富Ti,Al贫Si,Mg，熔体有向富Ti,Al,Fe,Na贫Mg,Si演化的趋势，在透辉石成分上表现为CaTiAl2O6和NaFe^3 Si2O6端员分子对Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6的替代，本区基质相透辉石与世界上典型地区的钾霞橄黄长岩系的透辉石具有不同程度的可比性。  相似文献   

14.
This study examines textural inhomogeneity and variable chemical composition of Upper Jurassic glaucony in relation to small‐scale synsedimentary and postsedimentary authigenic processes controlled by the palaeonvironmental and palaeogeographical context. Four glaucony types with complex textural and compositional features have been recognized in cores of the Georgiev Formation of the West Siberian Basin. Samples exclusively made of light green type 1 glaucony (K2O < 6·5%: the less mature type, richer in glauconite–smectite mixed layer) formed under dysoxic conditions in the deepest distal marine environments of the northern sectors of the West Siberian Basin. Dark green type 2 glaucony is the most mature (richest in glauconitic mica: K2O up to 8·5%), is sometimes associated with type 1 glaucony, and is typical of high bottom areas with a low sedimentation rate within the central sectors of the basin. Type 3 glaucony is formed by brown grains, poorer in K and Fe but richer in Al and Si than type 2 glaucony, and is only present in strongly condensed successions of the central‐eastern sectors of the West Siberian Basin. Type 4 glaucony is much richer in Fe than any other type, shows fresh yellowish green cores slightly less mature than type 2 glaucony, and brown rims and cracks with composition similar to that of type 3 grains; it was formed in western sectors of the West Siberian Basin, close to Urals. Weathering under a subtropical to temperate climate, and erosion of badly drained peneplaned lowland areas around the basin, provided Al‐rich terrigenous clays as substratum for glauconitization, which explains Al and Si enrichment in Siberian glaucony. Maturation from glauconite–smectite to glauconitic mica is monitored by a change from light to dark green colour related to decrease in Al, Si, Mg, Ca and Na, and to increase in K and Fe. Brown rims of type 4 glaucony, and brown type 3 grains formed after leaching of Fe and K from mature glauconite, with formation of clays and Fe oxyhydroxides as reaction products, as a result of free oxygen exposure related to a hydrodynamic regime and temporary sea‐level fall. Glauconitization stopped and diagenetic pyrite formed due to basin deepening and burial under black shales during the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous transgression. This study demonstrates that, due to the complex nature of glaucony, the authigenesis of glauconitic minerals in the rock record cannot be correctly understood if the palaeoenvironmental context and the palaeogeographical context of glaucony‐bearing sediments are not considered.  相似文献   

15.
FRANCIS  DON 《Journal of Petrology》1987,28(3):569-597
Magmas which have equilibrated with the Earth's upper mantleare generally assumed to be compositionally buffered by spinellherzolite as represented by Cr-diopside series xenoliths foundin alkaline lavas. The fact that the mineral equilibria preservedin such xenoliths typically reflect re-equilibration at sub-solidusmantle conditions, however, has discouraged attempts to usethe compositional variation observed in spinel lherzolite xenolithsto constrain the compositions of melts extracted from the uppermantle. A suite of mantle-derived xenoliths from the AlligatorLake volcanic center in the southern Yukon, Canada, exhibitsa bimodal xenolith population consisting of lherzolites, themost fertile of which approach pyrolite in composition, andrelatively depleted harzburgites. If a source-residue relationshipis assumed between the two, then the extracted melt was a picriticmagma (17 wt. per cent MgO, 23 Mg cation units) with low Febut relatively high Si contents, similar to picritic lavas associatedwith subduction margins. The compositional variation within the lherzolite xenoliths,however, is not towards the majority of the harzburgite xenoliths,but towards relatively rare, Fe-rich harzburgites. Reactionsobserved between the xenoliths and their alkaline host lavasmay provide an analogue for the upper mantle process which producedthis trend. The observed reactions result in the loss of anAl and Si-rich melt associated with the preferential destructionof pyroxene and spinel and a concomitant rise in the Fe contentof residual olivine. The result of such an interaction in theupper mantle would be the development of a Fe and oli vine-richresidue similar to the observed Fe-rich harzburgites. In turn,the magma responsible would be forced to evolve towards moreSi-rich, but Fe-poor compositions than would otherwise be possibleby closed system, crystal fractionation. A comparison with other mantle xenolith suites indicates thatthe compositional spectra of many of those associated with continentalalkaline basalts can be interpreted in terms of the extractionof picritic magmas similar to that calculated for AlligatorLake. Xenolith suites from oceanic islands such as Hawaii, incontrast, contain fertile lherzolites which are considerablymore Fe-rich than pyrolite. The associated refractory xenoliths,however, are similar to those at Alligator Lake and their derivationfrom such fertile lherzolites would require the extraction ofa picritic melt which was both Fe and Si-rich, similar to theobserved tholeiitic picritcs of the shield-building stage ofHawaiian volcanism. Alternately, the Fe-rich lherzolites mayrepresent samples of upper mantle which have reacted extensivelywith the relatively Fe-rich Hawaii magmas. Xenolith suites fromkimberlites, on the otheT hand, are dominated by refractoryharzburgites which are richer in Si but poorer in Fe than theAlligator Lake harzburgites. They suggest that the lower continentallithosphere is both more orthopyroxene-rich and more depletedthan the upper mantle sampled by alkaline basalts. In general,the derivation of depleted harzburgite xenoliths by the partialmelting of a pyrolite mantle source seems to require the extractionof picritic magmas. If the majority of terrestrial basalticmagmas are not derived from picritic parental magmas, they requirethe existence of mantle source regions more Fe-rich than standardpyrolite models.  相似文献   

16.
Fifteen samples of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 majorite with varying Fe/Mg composition and one sample of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 majorite were synthesized at high pressure and temperature under different conditions of oxygen fugacity using a multianvil press, and examined ex situ using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer and optical absorption spectroscopy. The relative concentration of Fe3+ increases both with total iron content and increasing oxygen fugacity, but not with Al concentration. Optical absorption spectra indicate the presence of Fe2+–Fe3+ charge transfer, where band intensity increases with increasing Fe3+ concentration. Mössbauer data were used in conjunction with electron microprobe analyses to determine the site distribution of all cations. Both Al and Fe3+ substitute on the octahedral site, and charge balance occurs through the removal of Si. The degree of Mg/Si ordering on the octahedral sites in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 majorite, which affects both the c/a ratio and the unit cell volume, is influenced by the thermal history of the sample. The Fe3+ concentration of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 majorite in the mantle will reflect prevailing redox conditions, which are believed to be relatively reducing in the transition zone. Exchange of material across the transition boundary to (Mg,Fe) (Si,Al)O3 perovskite would then require a mechanism to oxidize sufficient iron to satisfy crystal-chemical requirements of the lower-mantle perovskite phase.  相似文献   

17.
Unusually Mg-rich staurolite with F=Fe/(Fe+ Mg) = 0.51 occurs in a peraluminous silica-deficient sapphirine-garnet-gedrite-spinel-corundum-phlogopite rock as relic inclusions within pyrope-almandine garnet (F=0.43–0.48), from which it is generally separated by sapphirine (F=0.19). Gedrite has F=0.24–0.27, phlogopite 0.19, and spinel 0.43. The gradual disappearance of staurolite is due to a shift of the 3-phase AFM assemblage staurolite-garnetsapphirine to more Fe-rich compositions according to probably prograde reactions between staurolite and garnet to form sapphirine together with either quartz or gedrite. Thus still more Mg-rich staurolite seems to have existed in the rock at earlier stages of metamorphism characterized by lower temperatures and perhaps higher pressures. The local equilibria now frozen in indicate minimum pressures of 7–8 kbar and temperatures in excess of about 800° C.Staurolite is free from Zn, very low in Si, and richer in Ti than any other staurolite found thus far. Most notable is the unique Mg/Fe fraction between staurolite and garnet with staurolite being the more Fe-rich phase (KD=1.32).  相似文献   

18.
The Connemara ophicalcites and associated marbles contain varyingproportions of calcite, dolomite, tremolitic amphibole, serpentinizedolivine, diopside, humite, phlogopite, clinochlore, and quartz.They formed from a chemically precipitated 'primary' dolomitewith a small amount of mica and clay minerals in which muchof the trace and minor element content of the rock, e.g. Al,Fe, Ti, Zn, Ni, Cr, Zr, K, Rb, and rare earths was concentrated.The rock was probably silicified after deposition, possiblyduring metamorphism, and was probably not deposited with majoradmixed detrital quartz or feldspar. The formation during metamorphismof complementary segregated layers rich in either olivine (Fo98±2)or calcite resulted from important chemical changes controlledby the composition of the stable metamorphic minerals, i.e.those for which solution concentrations exceeded the solubilityproduct for the pore fluid. The mineralogy influenced the localconcentrations of both major and trace elements and emphasizesthe importance of solutions and the stable metamorphic mineralogyin manipulating the composition of some metamorphic rocks. Somecriteria for recognizing segregated layers in metamorphic rocksare given. Serpentinization was probably by addition of water and silicaand not by movement of Fe or Mg. Chemical analyses of forty-threesamples each for twenty-six oxides and elements are given andthe first occurrence of humite in Connemara is reported.  相似文献   

19.
鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟铀矿床绿泥石特征及地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
夏菲  孟华  聂逢君  严兆彬  张成勇  李满根 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3473-3482
纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地北部,具有明显的后期热液作用的特征,矿体空间展布主要受控于绿色-灰色砂岩的过渡界面,与绿泥石化的蚀变砂岩关系密切。通过对纳岭沟铀矿床不同颜色砂岩中的绿泥石进行详细的岩相学研究和电子探针化学成分分析,依据绿泥石的成因与共生矿物的关系,识别出绿泥石主要的3种类型:填隙物型绿泥石,片状与黄铁矿共生型绿泥石以及黑云母蚀变型绿泥石;同时通过绿泥石的Fe-Si图解确定了纳岭沟铀矿床不同颜色砂岩中的绿泥石主要为铁镁绿泥石和密绿泥石。根据Al/(Fe+Mg+Al)-Mg/(Fe+Mg)的关系图解确定出不同颜色砂岩中的绿泥石具有铁镁质流体和泥质两种来源,通过绿泥石中主要阳离子与镁的关系图解和计算得出的绿泥石形成温度共同确定出绿泥石是多期次的中低温热液流体作用的产物。综合研究表明,纳岭沟铀矿床的绿泥石形成至少经历了温度稍高的还原性流体和温度稍低的氧化性流体等两个期次的流体作用,稍高温的还原性流体与成矿关系更为重要。与绿泥石形成有关的热液流体作用不仅带入了部分铀,还促进了铀的活化和运移。  相似文献   

20.
Two-phase quartz intergrowths with garnet, cordierite and tourmaline occur commonly in prograde high-temperature migmatites, granulites, as well as in the last crystallization stages of biotite granites. Structural, microtextural and mineralogical data show that they result from the breakdown of biotite in the presence of a melt phase associated with incongruent dissolution of feldspars into the melt and silica release (giving quartz in silica saturated rocks). Biotite breakdown and growth of Al-rich ferromagnesian minerals, occurring at the solid–liquid transition in the crust (early melting or final crystallization), is kinetically controlled by Fe and Mg mass transport, the network-forming cations Si and Al being locally compensated for by feldspar dissolution/crystallization. This process leads to significant changes with respect to equilibrium dehydration-melting reactions wherein quartz is a reactant and K-feldspar a reaction product. Therefore, quartz inclusions commonly occurring in garnets from granulite-facies metapelites and metagraywackes are not simply grains passively included during garnet growth. They may also correspond to newly crystallized phases. Resorption of feldspar may lead to more alkaline melt and to crystalline residue richer in Al than expected under equilibrium conditions. Hence, excess alumina in granulite-facies rocks is not necessarily related to initial alumina-rich whole-rock compositions (as currently considered), but may be due, at least partly, to kinetics of melting.  相似文献   

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