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本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究,分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系,并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨,认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源,地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系,地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3%。西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区,其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区,东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区。 相似文献
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大同煤田岩溶地下水的水文地质特征分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
根据大同煤田岩溶地下水化学特征资料、钻孔揭露岩溶发育的资料、以及矿井出水资料,结合岩溶地下水区域水文地质条件、岩溶地下水的水温与同位素特征,对大同煤田岩溶地下水的富水层位与找水方向作了进一步的探讨与分析。 相似文献
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提要 东、西山岩溶地下水,以地质构造,地下水位,水化学资料以及水的氧18含量作为基础详细进行了比较研究。太原地区岩溶地下水可以分出三个水流系统,一个汇水区和一个滞留水区。东山和西山岩溶地下水都可以汇入到太原盆地。所以,东山的岩溶地下水不可能补给到西山去。 相似文献
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西南岩溶石山地区地下水资源 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
中国西南地区碳酸盐岩大面积连片分布,地下水资源总量丰富,但分布极不均一,存在大片干旱缺水区和石漠化地带。目前开展的可有效利用的地下水资源调查评价将该区划分为隆起带裸露岩溶分布区,沉降带边缘褶皱构造控制岩溶分布区和断陷盆地隐伏岩溶分布区,区内岩溶发育和地下水赋存除受岩性,地质构造的控制外,还受新构造运动和古溶蚀的影响,岩溶地下水赋存于地表以下浅部岩溶带,构造控制的中部岩溶带和深部古溶蚀带,特殊岩性和古溶蚀形成的似层状岩溶含水层具有重要的开发价值。 相似文献
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陕西渭北东部岩溶水环境同位素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
陕西渭北东部岩溶水系统是一个复杂的地下水系统,碳酸盐岩大面积隐伏与深埋。使用传统手段和方法勘查岩溶地下水和研究可持续开发利用方案遇到诸多困难,不仅费时,而且耗资大。本文通过系统分析研究陕西渭北东部地区岩溶地下水T、D、^180、^14C环境同位素特征,揭示岩溶水的补给迳流排泄条件、岩溶水系统边界性质以及岩溶水与黄河洛河地表水、黄河岩溶泉与洛河岩溶泉之间的补排关系。结果显示环境同位素方法简便有效,能够达到预期目的。 相似文献
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优化技术在娘子关泉域岩溶地下水开采资源量评价与管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国北方岩溶地下水,多数是以泉域水资源系统为单元进行循环的,各岩溶地下水系统以规模大、系统结构复杂为典型特征。在岩溶地下水开发利用过程中,如何兼顾各开采水源地的开采量、井采与泉水流量问等关系,以避免出现水文地质环境问题,是多年来水文地质界一直关注的问题。本文将水资源系统与供水系统相结合,采用优化技术建立了娘子关泉域岩溶地下水评价管理模型,以此为基础提出了多种开发方案,为类似地区的地下水评价与开发管理提供范例。 相似文献
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深圳市龙岗岩溶塌陷灾害及防治对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对深圳市龙岗区岩溶塌陷灾害的综合地质勘查,查明了岩溶发育特征及岩溶塌陷的分布规律。同控制岩溶塌陷的6个主要因素为岩溶地下水作用、降雨和地表水、振动作用、重力与荷载、抽排地下水及坑道突水,分析了岩溶塌陷的危害性,对潜在塌陷区进行了预测和评价。在此基础上,提出了岩溶塌陷灾害的防治对策及建议。 相似文献
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娘子关岩溶地下水开发与保护的探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在详细论述水文地质特征的基础上,注重系列的一致性,因而划分了不同时段,对全排型岩溶泉域岩溶地下水资源进行了计算,获得了良好效果,并进一步提出了泉域岩溶地下水合理持久开发的原则与方案。 相似文献
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The Cretaceous age Chalk of south east England forms an important aquifer. Within chalk the storage and transmission of groundwater is enhanced by subsurface karstic weathering. The case study presented in this paper demonstrates that current approaches to assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution and delineating source protection zones are flawed, as they do not take proper account of the karstic nature of chalk.Improved techniques, based on understanding the geological and geomorphological controls of karst development in chalk, are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of published groundwater vulnerability maps. The results also demonstrate the inadequacies of current groundwater modelling approaches for defining source protection zones. The techniques follow European Commission research recommendations by taking account of recharge, presence of overlying cover deposits, the nature of chalk karst and the way in which it influences the flow of groundwater. The approach described allows for better informed decisions to be made about chalk aquifer management to ensure adequate protection and conservation of groundwater. For example, the published groundwater vulnerability map shows Lambeth Group deposits classified as being a minor aquifer of low groundwater vulnerability in the chosen study area. However, by applying the new techniques, they are classified as having an Aquifer Vulnerability Rating of moderate to very high, when taking the karstic development of the underlying chalk into account. 相似文献
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济宁地区北部赋存有较丰富的岩溶地下水,目前已纳入当地开发利用规划。为防止过量开采引发不良环境地质问题,对该岩溶系统的资源潜力进行了科学评价。在查明济宁地区北部水文地质条件的基础上,利用水量均衡法与数值模拟法对该区岩溶地下水资源量进行了计算,通过分析地下水资源潜力模数,该区岩溶地下水资源潜力较大。 相似文献
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矿山疏干排水引起岩溶地区致塌机理分析与预测——以平顶山矿区七矿及附近区域为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析平顶山矿区水文地质背景和岩溶发育状况以及各岩溶含水层的水力联系基础上,引入岩溶致塌机理确立了岩溶塌陷的判定准则,得出了岩溶塌陷地区的疏干警戒水位公式,从定量上论证煤矿开采疏干排水是该区岩溶致塌的关键因素,当水位下降幅度达到2.52~8.03m时,平顶山七矿及附近区域容易产生岩溶塌陷,同时指出岩溶稳定系数K=1时,是临界危险警戒的地下水降深。 相似文献
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邯峰矿区岩溶含水层主要是寒武系、奥陶系厚层灰岩、石炭系薄层石灰岩,其中以奥陶系中统含水层富水性最为丰富,具有随埋藏深度增大而岩溶发育减弱的特性。根据岩溶水补、径、排条件,邯峰矿区岩溶水可分为黑龙洞、白龙洞、紫泉岩三个子系统,各子系统又根据岩溶发育程度、钻孔单位涌水量、水井单井出水量等富水性特征划分为四个区,研究了地下水动态特征,提出了保护岩溶地下水资源的建议。 相似文献
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岩溶含水系统中赋存着丰富的优质地下水,而大气降水是浅部可供开采的岩溶地下水的最主要补给来源。受岩溶含水系统各向异性、不均一性和直接观测难度大等因素的影响,降水入渗补给量的计算是一个非常复杂的过程。确定岩溶含水系统的汇水范围是降水入渗补给计算的首要问题,示踪法与经验公式法被证明是最有效的两种方法。降水入渗补给量的计算方法主要包括水文过程线法分析法、氧同位素法、氯质量平衡法、基于GIS的多变量综合分析法和模型法。本文对目前岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给计算方法的关键点和适用条件进行了总结和对比,同时指出大气降水物理化学性质的时空特征以及水-岩反应可以作为未来研究岩溶含水系统降水补给的研究方向之一。 相似文献
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Hydrogeology of karst aquifer systems in SW Turkey and an assessment of water quality and contamination problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aysen Davraz Remzi Karaguzel Iskender Soyaslan Erhan Sener Fatma Seyman Sehnaz Sener 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(5):973-988
The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between groundwater flow and water quality of different ground and
surface water basins in the southwest Turkey. In addition, groundwater vulnerability is assessed taking into consideration
groundwater flow and quality. The autochthonous Beydaglari limestone is the major karstic aquifer in the region. According
to the groundwater level map of alluvium aquifers in the basins, groundwater discharge toward the carbonate aquifer is direct
and indirect. The hydrogeological connection between ground and surface water basins occurs via the karstic aquifer located
at the bottom of the alluvium bottom. In Egirdir lake, water also discharges in the karstic aquifer via karstic sinkholes
at the western border of the lake. In the research area, general groundwater discharge is toward the Mediterranean Sea by
means of autochthonous carbonate system, according to hydrogeological investigations, research of lineament and hydraulic
conductivities. This result is supported by the locations of lineaments and shore springs discharging from the limestone.
In addition, spreading of contaminants via karstic aquifer to great distance has been clearly identified. 相似文献
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对鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶水系统的几点认识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鄂尔多斯盆地地周边分布的古生界碳酸盐岩赋存有丰富的岩溶地下水,受背景地质条件的控制,不同地段地层岩性,岩溶发育程度,岩溶水的补给和赋存富集规律均有差异,并形成了多个岩溶水系统。 相似文献
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H. Elhatip 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(1-2):27-33
The carbonate rocks of Turkey, which underlie about one third of the country, possess major water resources with great potential
for electricity generation and water supplies. The ongoing development of karst features, especially in the southern part
of Turkey, demonstrates specific environmental problems that occur in many karst water supply projects. Karst aquifers, springs,
sinkholes, dolines, poljes and other karst features are of great importance from the standpoint of karst water resources and
environmental research studies. In karst regions, conservation and protection of groundwater resources for both qualitative
and quantitative evaluations is possible only when the catchment area is determined accurately. Since the catchment area in
karst terrains is not limited by the surface drainage boundaries and the groundwater flows through well-developed coduits
or fissures, the equations used in non-karstic areas cannot be applied to such karstic regions. Studies on the development
of karst features and its environmental impacts in Turkey are of recent origin. Therefore, many unreliable methods are being
applied in karstic areas. For example, the use of "shallow holes or sinkholes and fault zones" for septic water waste disposal
or as sewage by those who are not familiar with karst, sometimes causes very serious problems of extensive groundwater pollution.
This paper discusses the development of different karstic features in Turkey and case studies on its environmental impacts.
Received: 27 December 1995 · Accepted: 10 July 1996 相似文献
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济南岩溶泉域是济南市重要饮用水源地,泉水又是济南市市民消闲和吸引游客的亮丽景观。但是多年来开采地下水已引起泉水出现间歇性断流。本文在对水资源规划分析基础上,设计了4个地下水资源开采方案:现状方案、增加补给量方案、减少开采量方案和增补减开联合方案。运用地下水流数值模型模拟了4个方案对泉群地下水水位及泉水流量动态变化的影响,最终确定了泉域地下水可持续开采方案,为泉水持续喷涌和地下水开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献