共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
冰岛位于北大西洋北部地区,是对全球气候变化最为敏感的区域之一,对其周边海域古海洋环境的深入研究是全球气候变化研究的重要组成部分。海冰的大面积分布是该地区的显著特点之一,对全球气候系统产生较大的影响意义。此外,冰岛周边海域大量火山灰沉积,也为古海洋环境研究提供了可靠的年代资料。本文以冰岛为中心,回顾了冰岛周边海域末次冰消期以来古海洋环境及海冰研究的现状,探讨了该海域不同记录之间的差异,并通过分析末次冰消期以来古环境研究的不足,提出了相应的展望。 相似文献
2.
One outstanding feature of the recent Arctic climate is the contrast of the changes of sea ice concentration and thickness between the Beaufort Sea and the Chukchi Sea. Since the Arctic Oscillation (AO) plays a critical role in driving Arctic sea ice changes and the Beaufort and Chukchi seas have been hypothesized as a region in which sea ice anomalies originate, we employed a coupled sea ice-ocean model and carried out simulations forced by the AO signal to examine sea ice changes in these regions, focusing on seasonality. With the AO phase transition from negative to positive, anticyclonic windstress weakens broadly in both winter and summer; however, the surface air temperature response shows remarkable seasonal dependence. Positive temperature anomalies spread over the entire domain in winter, while negative anomalies occur in the shelf seas in summer, although positive anomalies remain in the deep-water portion. The simulated sea ice concentration resembles the observed concentration. The strong seasonality of sea ice concentration changes suggests that accumulation of sea ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea and reduction in the Chukchi Sea are mainly produced in summer. Changes of ice thickness are robust through the seasonal cycle. Generally, sea ice dynamics play a critical role in creating the anomalous sea ice pattern and sea ice thermodynamics partially compensate the dynamically-driven changes. However, considerable seasonal differences occur. 相似文献
3.
全球气候变化导致的南大洋海冰变化已引起广泛关注,基于近35年来该区域海冰覆盖范围的时空变化规律,运用Pearson相关和聚类分析等方法,探讨多元厄尔尼诺指数（MEI）、海洋尼诺指数（ONI）以及臭氧空洞面积气候变化因素与海冰覆盖范围的关系。南大洋海冰呈1.1%（±0.6%）小幅度增长,近5年印度洋海域海冰增长最快。1—6月别林斯高晋/阿蒙森海域、6—9月和11月威德尔海域海冰的多年变化趋势均为负增长。在南大洋5大片区中海冰与气候变化因子的关系不同,其中ONI影响别林斯高晋/阿蒙森、威德尔、印度洋、罗斯海海域;MEI主要影响印度洋和罗斯海海域;臭氧空洞主要影响罗斯海和威德尔海域。海冰变化对气候变化的响应存在不同程度的滞后性。 相似文献
4.
The extent and duration of sea ice in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait has a major impact on the timing and strength of the marine production along West Greenland. The advance and retreat of the sea ice follows a predictable pattern, with maximum extent typically in March. We examine the area of sea ice in March in three overlapping study regions centred on Disko Bay on the west coast of Greenland. Sea ice concentration estimates derived from satellite passive microwave data are available for the years 1979-2001. We extend the record back in time by digitizing ice charts from the Danish Meteorological Institute, 1953-1981. There is reasonable agreement between the chart data and the satellite data during the three years of overlap: 1979-1981. We find a significant increasing trend in sea ice for the 49-year period (1953-2001) for the study regions that extend into Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. The cyclical nature of the wintertime ice area is also evident, with a period of about 8 to 9 years. Correlation of the winter sea ice concentration with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index shows moderately high values in Baffin Bay. The correlation of ice concentration with the previous winter's NAO is high in Davis Strait and suggests that next winter's ice conditions can be predicted to some extent by this winter's NAO index. 相似文献
5.
采用Hadley中心1953—2012年海冰密集度资料、NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料和1977—2011年日本气象厅台风资料,对冬春季北极海冰变化的主要特征进行了分析,并对冬春季北极海冰变化与西北太平洋台风活动之间的关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,冬春季北极海冰表现为明显的年代际变化,且在1965—2004年间具有3—4 a的低频振荡周期。在20世纪60年代后期和70年代初期,海冰变化最为显著。冬春季海冰变化与西北太平洋热带气旋生成频次、强度频次的相关性在9月份明显高于其他月份,且为正相关,而与热带气旋强度等级有较显著的负相关性。冬春季北极海冰变化与夏季西太平洋副高强度、副高面积均有很好的负相关关系。冬春季海冰面积偏多(少)时,夏季北美东部、冰岛附近地区、北太平洋以及中低纬度大部地区500 h Pa高度场为负(正)距平分布。冬春季北极海冰面积异常对北半球大气环流的持续性影响,在随后到来的台风盛期有较明显的体现。 相似文献
6.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析资料(ERA40)分析了最近几十年冬季北半球高纬地区的气候变化和冰-气相互作用特征。在全球增暖背景下,冬季北半球高纬地区增温幅度更大,但温度变化明显具有区域性特点。20世纪70年代末期开始,格陵兰海、巴伦支海及欧亚大陆大部分区域和北美大陆部分区域在增暖,而拉布拉多海、格陵兰和白令海峡区域却变冷。与此对应,中央北极区及气候冰岛低压中心海平面气压在降低,而再往南区域海平面气压在升高。从20世纪70年代开始,格陵兰海和巴伦支海给大气的感热通量和潜热通量增多,这说明由于气温增加,使得海冰密集度减小,海冰对海气感热通量和潜热通量交换的隔离层作用减小,通量交换大大增加。而在挪威海非海冰区,由于气温增加,海气温差减小,海洋给大气的感热通量和潜热通量减少。在拉布拉多海,由于气温降低,海气温差增大,使得海洋给大气的感热通量和潜热通量增加,有利于拉布拉多海海冰的增多。海平面气压、海冰密集度及表面感热通量和潜热通量之和对大气表面温度 EOF 展开第一模时间系数的线性回归结果均与各自的EOF 展开第一模空间分布特征接近。 相似文献
7.
STEPHANIE PFIRMAN JEAN-CLAUDE GASCARD INGO WOLLENBURG PETA MUDIE REA ABELMANN 《Polar research》1989,7(1):59-66
During the summer 1987 expedition of the polar research vessel'Polarstern'in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, sea ice at about 84-86°N and 20-30°E was found to have high concentrations of particulate material. The particle-laden ice occurred in patches which often darkened more than half the ice surface at our northernmost positions. Much of this ice appeared to be within the Siberian Branch of the Transpolar Drift stream, which transports deformed, multi-year ice from the Siberian shelves westward across the Eurasian Basin. Lithogenic sediment, which is the major component of the particulate material, may have been incorporated during ice formation on the shallow Siberian seas. Diatoms collected from the particle-rich ice surfaces support this conclusion, as assemblages were dominated by a marine benthic species similar to that reported from sea ice off the coast of northeast Siberia. Based on drift trajectories of buoys deployed on the ice it appears that much of the particle-laden ice exited the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait and joined the East Greenland Current.
Very different sea ice characteristics were found east of the Yermak Plateau and north of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land up to about 83-84°N. Here sea ice was thinner, less deformed, with lower amounts of lithogenic sediment and diatoms. The diatom assemblage was dominated by planktonic freshwater species. Trajectories of buoys deployed on sea ice in this region indicated a tendency for southward transport to the Yermak Plateau or into the Barents Sea. 相似文献
Very different sea ice characteristics were found east of the Yermak Plateau and north of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land up to about 83-84°N. Here sea ice was thinner, less deformed, with lower amounts of lithogenic sediment and diatoms. The diatom assemblage was dominated by planktonic freshwater species. Trajectories of buoys deployed on sea ice in this region indicated a tendency for southward transport to the Yermak Plateau or into the Barents Sea. 相似文献
8.
北极是全球气候和环境变化的驱动器之一,获取北极海冰的时空特征和变化规律对研究北极以及全球气候变化意义重大。格陵兰海是北极海冰剧烈变化的区域之一,采用CryoSat-2的雷达测高数据,获取了格陵兰海的海冰干舷高分布,并利用波弗特环流计划(BGEP)仰视声呐(ULS)数据进行了验证。研究结果表明,格陵兰海海冰干舷高和分布范围存在明显的季节性变化特征,具体体现在格陵兰海海冰从10月份进入冻结期开始,海冰分布范围不断扩张,海冰干舷高也逐渐增大,2月份平均干舷高达到最大(0.2 m),之后格陵兰海海冰开始消融,覆盖范围不断内缩,9月海冰干舷高降至最小(0.13 m)。 相似文献
9.
Winter climate change and sea ice-atmosphere interaction at high northern latitudes in ERA40 dataset 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on the reanalysis dataset ERA40 of European Center of Medium Range Weather Forcast (ECMWF), winter climate change and characteristics of sea ice-atmosphere interaction at high northern latitudes for recent several tens of years are analyzed. Superposed upon the background of global warming, the amplitude of temperature increase in winter at high northern latitudes is bigger and it exhibits different features in different regions. From the end of 1970 s, the Greenland Sea, the Barents Sea and most part of Euro-Asian continent and North American continent are getting warmer, whereas the Labrador Sea, the Greenland and the area around the Bering Strait are getting colder. Meanwhile, the sea level pressure in the central part of the northern polar region and the place where the climatic Icelandic low exist decreases, but in places farther southward it increases. Since the 1970 s, the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux sent to the atmosphere from the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea has increased, this is mainly due to the reduction of sea ice concentration and the weakening of insulator and shield effect of the solid ice accordingly caused by the increase of air temperature. In sea ice free area of the Norwegian Sea, the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux sent to the atmosphere has reduced due to decrease of temperature and humidity differences between the air and the sea surface caused by increase of air temperature and humidity. In the Labrador Sea, due to decrease of air temperature and humidity and increase of temperature and humidity differences between the air and the sea surface accordingly, the sea gives more sensible heat flux and latent heat flux to the air. This will lead to the growth of sea ice extent there. The features of linear regression of sea level pressure, sea ice concentration and sum of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux toward time series of the leading mode of EOF expansion of surface air temperature are close to those of their own EOF expansion for the leading mode, respectively. This shows that these variables share similar features of variation with time linearly. 相似文献
10.
利用美国冰雪中心发布的海冰密集度数据,对1979—2012年北极海冰范围进行年际和年代际变化分析。结果表明:(1)海冰在秋季融化速度最快,其次为夏季、冬季、春季。2000年后春季下降速率变缓,而其他季节融化速度加快;(2)由于多年冰的融化,太平洋扇区在夏秋季节融化速度要高于其他海区。而大西洋扇区在冬季和春季海冰的融化速度要快于夏秋季节,主要是因为大西洋海温升高;(3)东半球在夏秋季节海冰融化的范围要大于西半球,因此东北航道比西北航道提前开通应用。而整个北极区域近几年春季融化速度变缓,则主要是西半球的作用;(4)从空间分布年代际变化来看,1989—1998年最接近气候态,1979—1988年密集度偏大区域主要在巴伦支海和东西伯利亚海,2009—2012年海冰密集度较常年显著偏小,东半球密集度减小幅度比西半球更大,尤其是冬春季在巴伦支海,夏秋季在楚科奇海。春季时由于风的作用,白令海附近海冰密集度异常偏大;(5)北极区域海冰范围在冬春季比夏秋季突变明显,基本在2003年前后,海冰范围变化周期为6年。 相似文献
11.
采用美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)的日尺度与月尺度海冰密集度数据,将海冰密集度为15%作为阈值确定海冰外缘线位置,提取波弗特海海域的海冰外缘线,计算波弗特海的海冰密集度、海冰范围与海冰面积,然后通过海冰范围与海冰外缘线的年际变化与季节变化来分析波弗特海海冰外缘线退缩的时空变化特征与趋势。实验结果表明,1978—2015年波弗特海的海冰密集度、海冰范围与海冰面积整体变化趋势一致,减少趋势显著。37年来,海冰密集度平均每年减少约0.3%,海冰范围平均每年减少3 235 km2,海冰面积平均每年减少5 084 km2。海冰密集度在1979—1996年无明显减少趋势,1996—2015年减少趋势明显。波弗特海海冰范围一般在9月达到最小值,在11月至次年5月维持在最大值(全冰覆盖状态);海冰面积一般在9月达到最小值,在12月或者1月达到最大值。海冰范围最小值出现时间有延迟的趋势,全冰覆盖状态具有起始时间越来越晚、终止时间越来越早、持续时间越来越短的趋势,平均持续天数为212 d。 相似文献
12.
拉普捷夫海是北冰洋的边缘海和冰源地,对北冰洋的海冰变化有重要影响。通过分析AMSR-E海冰密集度数据以及NECP-DOE的风场、温度场数据,结果表明拉普捷夫海海冰在2002—2011年经历了如下过程：重冰年(2002—2004)—过渡性质年份(2005—2006) —轻冰年(2007、2009—2011),即冰情由重向轻转变。研究结果也表明拉普捷夫海的冰情轻重与融冰期长短有较好的相关性,融冰期持续时间越短,冰情越重。4个参数,包括海冰距平指数、最小海冰覆盖率、积温、风驱动指数描述了拉普捷夫海的海冰多年变化过程。海冰距平指数是时间（3—11月）平均下的海冰覆盖率距平值,定量给出了各年冰情的轻重;最小海冰覆盖率是夏季海冰的极限情况,变化范围在0.45%—48.73%,发生时间为8月底至10月上旬。积温是上一个冬季气温积累对当年冰情的影响,结果表明积温是影响当年冰情轻重的主要因素。2008年的上一个冬季经历了异常低温,造成当年的异常重冰年。风驱动指数给出了风场对海冰覆盖率变化的短期影响,与同时期其他年份相比,2006年4月、2007年9月均出现了异常强北风,一定程度上造成了2006年融冰开始时间延后、2007年夏季最小海冰覆盖率的明显偏大。 相似文献
13.
对NCAR CSIM5 海冰模式中海冰侧边界融化参数化方案进行了详细阐述,并利用CSIM5模式模拟了侧边界融化对北极海冰厚度和海冰面积变化的影响,试验结果表明：（1）侧边界融化热力过程会增大海冰厚度和海冰面积的消融,海冰厚度消融最明显的区域分布在西伯利亚海和格陵兰海,海冰面积消融最明显区域分布海冰边缘地区;（2）侧边界融化过程对夏季海冰厚度影响比冬季更为明显,而对冬季海冰面积的影响要比夏季更为明显;（3）侧边界融化方案能更好地模拟出海冰面积的季节性变化;（4）海水表面温度（SST）是影响海冰侧边界融化过程的重要因子,侧边界融化率的大值区分布在SST零度线附近的狭窄区域。 相似文献
14.
Modeling seasonal variations of ocean and sea ice circulation in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas:A model-data fusion study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 3.8-km Coupled Ice-Ocean Model(CIOM) was implemented to successfully reproduce many observed phenomena in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas,including the Bering-inflow-originated coastal current that splits into three branches: Alaska Coastal Water(ACW),Central Channel,and Herald Valley branches.Other modeled phenomena include the Beaufort Slope Current(BSC),the Beaufort Gyre, the East Siberian Current(ESC),mesoscale eddies,seasonal landfast ice,sea ice ridging,shear,and deformation.Many of these downscaling processes can only be captured by using a high-resolution CIOM,nested in a global climate model.The seasonal cycles for sea ice concentration,thickness,velocity,and other variables are well reproduced with solid validation by satellite measurements.The seasonal cycles for upper ocean dynamics and thermodynamics are also well reproduced,which include the formation of the cold saline layer due to the injection of salt during sea ice formation,the BSC,and the subsurface upwelling in winter that brings up warm,even more saline Atlantic Water along the shelfbreak and shelf along the Beaufort coast. 相似文献
15.
利用美国麻省理工学院开发的数值模式MITgcm设计了区域冰·洋耦合数值模拟试验,开展了海冰动力学过程中两种流变学方案(黏性-塑性流变学和弹性-黏性-塑性流变学)的对比研究.结果表明,两种方案模拟的海冰内部应力张量分量σ<,11>和σ<,22>总体分布形式相近.冬季,大值区主要位于加拿大北极群岛和格陵兰岛北侧以及格陵兰岛... 相似文献
16.
2010年7月,在北京青少年科技俱乐部组织的北极科学考察活动过程中,对斯瓦尔巴德群岛、格陵兰岛以及冰岛的近海海域进行表层海水水样、冰样及陆地径流的采集。对采集样品的9项指标分析结果表明,海水样品中未检到F-和NO3-;其他离子含量的排序依次为:Cl-,Na+,SO42-,Mg2+,K+,Ca2+,与自然海水常规离子含量的排序基本一致;各离子含量与氯度的比值与恒比定律中给出的值基本一致,证明了北极海水主要受到陆地降水直接补给。近岸海水的离子含量远远低于远岸海水的原因是由于冰川融化,通过地表径流的方式补给表层海水有关。斯瓦尔巴德群岛的地表径流中存在有NO3-,但对所采海水样品的检验中,未检测到NO3-,说明地表径流中的NO3-在海水的对流等作用下得以充分稀释。 相似文献
17.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日500 h Pa高度场资料,对北半球夏季中高纬度大气阻塞特征进行统计分析,发现大气阻塞活动频率高的地区主要集中在白令海峡区域、鄂霍次克海区域、欧亚大陆区域及格陵兰区域。而通过NSIDC提供的卫星观测资料发现近30年夏季海冰容易减少的区域正好对应阻塞活动北部的高纬度地区。分别通过对以上4个区域有阻塞发生相对没有阻塞发生时的500 h Pa位势高度场、地面温度场、850 h Pa经向瞬变热通量输送和平流输送等异常变化场进行对比分析,结果发现夏季中高纬度阻塞频率的增加对海冰的减少有显著影响,主要体现在阻塞的发生发展可通过增加高纬度地面温度、对极地的热量输送和暖平流输送来加快海冰的融化。这种阻塞引起的热力作用在鄂霍次克海和欧亚大陆区域效果更为显著。 相似文献
18.
Niels Nielsen Ole Humlum Birger Ulf Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):155-158
An automatic meteorological station has been operating at the Arctic Station (69°15'N, 53°31'W) in West Greenland since 1990. This paper summarizes meteorological parameters during 2000 including snow and sea ice cover, ground temperatures and active layer development, and presents comments on the local permafrost thickness. 相似文献
19.
20.
海冰是海洋-大气交互系统的重要组成部分,与全球气候系统间存在灵敏的响应和反馈机制。本文选用欧洲空间局发布的1992—2008年海冰密集度数据分析了南北极海冰在时间和空间上的变化规律与趋势,并结合由美国环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)和美国大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)联合制作的NCEP/NCAR气温数据和ENSO指数探讨了南北极海冰变化的影响因素。结果表明,北极海冰面积呈明显的减少趋势,其中夏季海冰最小月的减少更快。北冰洋中央海盆区、巴伦支海、喀拉海、巴芬湾和拉布拉多海的减少最明显。南极海冰面积呈微弱增加趋势,罗斯海、太平洋扇区和大西洋扇区的海冰增加。北极海冰面积与气温有显著的滞后1个月的负相关关系(P0.01)。北极升温显著,北冰洋中央海盆区、喀拉海、巴伦支海、巴芬湾和楚科奇海升温趋势最大,海冰减少很明显。南极在南大西洋、南太平洋呈降温趋势,海冰增加。北极海冰减少与39个月之后ONI的下降、40个月之后SOI的上升密切相关;南极海冰增加与7个月之后ONI的下降、6个月之后SOI的上升存在很好的响应关系。南北极海冰变化与三次ENSO的强暖与强冷事件有很好的对应关系。 相似文献