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1.
拟建的新疆喀拉喀什河乌鲁瓦提水电站位于现代地壳运动十分活跃的区域。野外证据显示出,坝区的F_(12)断层新活动延续到晚更新世,电站附近的石门北断层在第四纪有活动。对采自坝区及附近几条断层的断层物质样品进行了变形显微构造、石英颗粒表面形貌和微结构类型、TL年龄的分析测定,结果表明,F_(12)最新活动的上限时间不晚于3万年,F_(30)和石门断层的活动持续到晚更新世,石门北断层最新的活动的上限时间约2万年。根据区域断裂的分布和应力场的情况,进行了构造模拟实验,预测出工程区在区域应力场的继续作用下,应力集中在远离坝址的部位,坝址附近不会出现新的应力集中点。总体看,所选坝址是地壳活动区中相对较稳定的地段。  相似文献   

2.
新疆开都河大山口水电站位于南天山现代地壳构造运动仍十分活跃的地区,野外地质研究表明,通过工程区的洪水沟大断层新活动延续到晚更新世末期;工程区的小断层F9最后活动在晚更新世以前。通过对采自这两条断层的断层物质样品的变形显微构造、石英颗粒形貌和类型、TL年龄的分析测定,揭示出洪水沟大断层在工程区段的主活动期为上新世晚期至早更新世,中更新世以后己无明显活动;F9断层最后一次较强烈活动的上限时间为距今9万年左右。结果表明,电站坝区是地壳活动相对较稳定的、较好的场点。  相似文献   

3.
新疆特克斯河下游河段断层活动性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
新疆特克斯河上拟修建的恰普其海电站和山口电站位于断裂构造发育、新活动强烈的天山地区。野外地质研究表明,工程区的5条主要断层在第四纪均有活动。对采自工程区的特克斯河断层和F_1断层上的各种断层岩样品,应用变形岩石显微构造分析法、石英颗粒表面形貌法和热释光测年法进行了综合分析测试,结果表明,早期沿断层部位发生过慢速率的韧性变形作用,后沿韧性变形带发生脆性破裂。断层主活动期在上新世末期到早更新世,断层活动时的差异应力为130MPa,以挤压为主。更新世以后,断层活动强度大大减弱,但仍有明显活动,断层最后一次较强烈活动的下限时代为晚更新世末或全新世初。为确保工程安全,在最后确定场址时应尽可能避开活断层,在工程设计上也应增加一定的安全措施。  相似文献   

4.
物探方法在探测隐伏断层中的应用   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在地震安全性评价和工程场地勘探中,探明活动断层是一项必做的工作;而探明活动断层的方法选择要因地制宜,经济科学。笔者运用电剖面法、地震反射法、地质雷达法以及断层气测量方法,对珲春地震小区内含煤盆地中的发震断裂构造进行了研究,断层气测量法是一种探测(除水域、稻田以外的地区)隐伏断层的简捷、快速、可靠、经济的方法。  相似文献   

5.
海原-六盘山地区位于现今青藏高原东北部, 该地区活动构造的研究不仅可以为地震安全评价提供依据, 也可以为第四纪青藏高原的扩展提供限定.在野外地质调查的基础上, 运用光释光定年技术, 限定研究区活动构造的活动时间.研究显示, 海原-六盘山断裂和香山-天景山断裂在晚第四纪存在剧烈活动, 产生了如角度不整合(夷平面)、褶皱和断层构造.这些结果表明, 研究区应该作为地震安全评价的重点关注区域, 同时也显示青藏高原东北部在晚第四纪存在持续的扩展.   相似文献   

6.
玛东褶皱-冲断带是世界上保存最好的早古生代褶皱冲断带之一,也是塔里木油气勘探的重点区域之一。褶皱-冲 断带浅部构造由于遭受强烈剥蚀,为玛东褶皱-冲断带的构造样式和变形机制研究带来巨大的挑战。断层相关褶皱理论定 量化建立了断层形态和褶皱形态几何学和运动学的关系,是一种有效的利用断层形态来推测褶皱形态的方法,为恢复玛东 地区被剥蚀区域的构造形态提供了可能。文中详细介绍了断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱的几何学和运动学特征,并将其应 用于玛东地区的典型构造中,建立2 种玛东地区构造变形模式。最后结合工业地震剖面和钻井资料,认为玛东地区的主要 构造样式是断层转折褶皱, 并分析了构造样式对油气圈闭的影响。  相似文献   

7.
本文从地表地震断层、全新世断裂活动及区域构造讨论了华北平原近300年6次强震的构造特征.研究结果表明,这6次强震均有相应的地表地震断层出现,并与它们各自极震区等震线长轴方向一致.北西向地表地震断层为左旋走滑,北东向地表地震断层为右旋走滑.这些地区存在全新世活动断裂及古地震现象表明这些强震不是当地的首次强震破裂,华北平原强震存在原地重复现象.区域地震构造分析结果表明,强震地点与华北平原内第三纪断陷盆地的关系并不明显,而全新世活动断裂与华北平原周边构造的交叉部位则是近代强震活跃地区,也是值得注意的未来强震危险地点.  相似文献   

8.
前波断层是卡拉水电站工程区内规模最大的断裂构造,断层活动性研究对水电站建设有着重要的意义。通过野外地质调查发现:断层通过之处无动态构造地貌发育,断裂构造岩中的石英颗粒形态以深度溶蚀的桔皮状-苔藓状为主,ESR测年结果显示断层为晚更新世活动构造,而现场氡气测量显示断层的脉冲值峰值与本底值比值相对较大、愈合程度相对较弱,证明前波断层自全新世(Q4)以来已无活动痕迹,不属于活动构造,因此断层对工程建设影响不大。  相似文献   

9.
三峡库首区仙女山等断裂活动性同位素测年研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在仙女山、九湾溪两断层形变监测洞室中,通过对断裂带进行地质编录和对构造岩进行微观分析,挑选出断层泥与方解石两类样品进行热释光(TL)测年。同时对洞外披覆跨仙女山断层上的第四纪河流冲积物、断层一侧周坪河谷底上第四纪湖相纹泥夹碳化木及披覆跨九湾溪断层上的第四纪崩滑堆积体中滑带土进行测年。综合分析表明,仙女山断层与九湾溪断层新活动年龄与三峡地区区域断层基本一致,为距今22~23万年左右。最新活动年龄仙女山断层为16~19万年、九湾溪断层为14万年左右。最新活动年龄的下限值仙女山断层为14~16万年、九湾溪断层为13万年左右。晚更新世以来,两断层均没有活动迹象。九湾溪断层上的滑坡为外动力作用所致,并非该断层活动作用的结果。  相似文献   

10.
近十年来,不断加强对构造活动性的仪器观测和历史记录。人们把注意力集中于根据地质,地貌的记录鉴别和研究古地震上,重要的是识别断层地貌特片,例如,断层陡坎,它可能是某一区域构造活动类型及其活动时间的明显标志。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract: This paper analyzes various earthquake fault types, mechanism solutions, stress field as well as other geophysical data to study the crust movement in the Tibetan plateau and its tectonic implications. The results show that a lot of normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the central Tibetan plateau. Many of them are nearly perfect normal fault events. The strikes of the fault planes of the normal faulting earthquakes are almost in the N-S direction based on the analyses of the equal area projection diagrams of fault plane solutions. It implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the normal faulting type events have quite great components in the E-W direction. The extension is probably an eastward extensional motion, mainly a tectonic active regime in the altitudes of the plateau. The tensional stress in the E-W or WNW-ESE direction predominates the earthquake occurrence in the normal event region of the central plateau. A number of thrust fault and strike-slip fault type earthquakes with strong compressive stress nearly in the NNE-SSW direction occurred on the edges of the plateau. The eastward extensional motion in the Tibetan plateau is attributable to the eastward movement of materials in the upper mantle based on seismo-tomographic results. The eastward extensional motion in the Tibetan plateau may be related to the eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the east boundary of the plateau. The northward motion of the Tibetan plateau shortened in the N-S direction probably encounters strong obstructions at the western and northern margins. Extensional motions from the relaxation of the topography and/or gravitational collapse in the altitudes of the plateau occur hardly in the N-S direction. The obstruction for the plateau to move eastward is rather weak.  相似文献   

12.
On March 10 and September 13, 2007 two earthquakes with moment magnitudes 3.66 and 3.94, respectively, occurred in the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The two events were widely felt in the northern Emirates and Oman and were accompanied by a few aftershocks. Ground motions from these events were well recorded by the broadband stations of Dubai (UAE) and Oman seismological networks and provide an excellent opportunity to study the tectonic process and present day stress field acting in this area. In this study, we report the focal mechanisms of the two main shocks by two methods: first motion polarities and regional waveform moment tensor inversion. Our results indicate nearly pure normal faulting mechanisms with a slight strike slip component. We associated the fault plane trending NNE–SSW with a suggested fault along the extension of the faults bounded Bani Hamid area. The seismicity distribution between two earthquake sequences reveals a noticeable gap that may be a site of a future event. The source parameters (seismic moment, moment magnitude, fault radius, stress drop and displacement across the fault) were also estimated from displacement spectra. The moment magnitudes were very consistent with waveform inversion. The recent deployment of seismic networks in Dubai and Oman reveals tectonic activity in the northern Oman Mountains that was previously unknown. Continued observation and analysis will allow for characterization of seismicity and assessment of seismic hazard in the region.  相似文献   

13.
Various earthquake fault types, mechanism solutions, stress field, and other geophysical data were analyzed for study on the crust movement in the Tibetan plateau and its tectonic implications. The results show that numbers of thrust fault and strike-slip fault type earthquakes with strong compressive stress near NNE-SSW direction occurred in the edges around the plateau except the eastern boundary. Some normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the Central Tibetan plateau. The strikes of fault planes of thrust and strike-slip faulting earthquakes are almost in the E-W direction based on the analyses of the Wulff stereonet diagrams of fault plane solutions. This implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the thrust and strike-slip faulting type events have quite great components in the N-S direction. The compression motion mainly probably plays the tectonic active regime around the plateau edges. The compressive stress in N-S or NE-SW directions predominates earthquake occurrence in the thrust and strike-slip faulting event region around the plateau. The compressive motion around the Tibetan plateau edge is attributable to the northward motion of the Indian subcontinent plate. The northward motion of the Tibetan plateau shortened in the N-S direction encounters probably strong obstructions at the western and northern margins.  相似文献   

14.
We performed numerical simulations to determine the contemporary maximum horizontal compressive stress (σHmax) in the northeast India region, the Bengal basin (Bangladesh), and the adjoining Indo-Burma Ranges, with different boundary conditions. The regional tectonic stress was simulated using the finite element method (FEM) under the plane stress condition. Most of the study areas show NE–SW regional stress orientation, which is consistent with other stress indicators, such as earthquake focal mechanism solutions. The E–W trending Dauki fault, which separates the Shillong plateau to the north from the Bengal basin to the south, plays a major role in the stress distribution and regional deformation. This fault alone accommodates ~25% of the regional surface displacement rate of the study area. The fault pattern of the study area was also simulated using rheological parameters and the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The simulated results reproduce the observed tectonic state of the area, including a strike-slip regime along the Dauki fault, in the southwestern part of the Bengal basin, and in the Tripura fold belt areas. The modeling indicates that the Brahmaputra valley to the north of the Shillong plateau and to the south of the Himalayan frontal thrust exhibits thrust/reverse faulting with a strike-slip component, and in the Indo-Burma Ranges, strike-slip faulting is predominant with a reverse fault component.  相似文献   

15.
在滇中香炉山引水隧洞工程区活动断裂部位开展了八个钻孔的水压致裂原地应力测试工作。结果显示工程区应力状态以水平应力为主导,龙蟠-乔后断裂和丽江-剑川断裂部位均为走滑应力状态,鹤庆-洱源断裂西支为走滑应力状态,南段为逆冲应力状态。从应力累积的角度分析,测深范围内三条活动断裂大部分测点实测最大主应力值未超过使断层产生滑动失稳的临界值。地应力测试获得的最大主应力优势方位NNE-NE向与利用该地区震源机制解反演得到的现今构造应力场主压应力方位NEE向存在差异,说明地应力测试结果在一定程度上受到了断层活动性的影响。考虑活动断裂形变和力学属性的多个指标参数,对活动断裂影响程度的Fuzzy-Grey模糊综合评价表明龙蟠-乔后断裂对香炉山隧洞工程的影响较弱,丽江-剑川断裂的影响程度最强,需引起重视。  相似文献   

16.
丽江地震区应力场研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过现场调查工作,研究了丽江地区主要活动断裂的特征及现代活动性,分析了该地区构造应力场演化历史及现今构造应力场特征,探讨了丽江地震产生的机制,然后用离散元方法对该地区现今应力场进行了二维模拟,并进而深化了对丽江地震区应力场的认识。丽江地区处于川滇菱形断块的西南部,巨甸-九子海断块二级断块中的玉龙雪山-九子海三级断块上,该断块介于近南北向的楚波-白汉场断裂、北东走向丽江-小金河断裂和北西向中甸-永胜断裂之间,平面上成一顶角向东的三角形。在近南北向现今应力场的作用下,北东向的丽江-小金河断裂左旋走滑,北西向的中甸一永胜断裂右旋走滑,使两者所夹持的巨甸-九子海断块的主体部分发生向西的位移,在两者的复合部位,即断块的尖端附近,形成了局部的近东西向的拉张应力环境,从而使处于该部位的南北向玉龙雪山东麓断裂于1996年2月3日因发生了正断错动而导致了7.0级地震的发生。该地震后第三天,在其震中的正南方又发生了一次6.0级余震,其地震破裂是由北向南的一种撕裂,进而说明,本次地震的发生是由于玉龙雪山东麓断裂与中甸一永胜断裂复合部位拉张应力的强烈集中造成的。  相似文献   

17.
固关-虢镇断裂是青藏高原东北缘、鄂尔多斯地块西南缘陇县-宝鸡断裂带中的一条主要断裂,该断裂的运动特征和活动性包含了青藏高原向东北方向扩展机制的重要信息。固关-虢镇断裂中段在卫星影像和DEM图上都显示出清晰的线性影像特征,地貌上表现为清楚的地貌陡坎,陡坎高80~100 m。通过卫星影像判读、野外调查、探槽开挖和年龄测试等方法的综合研究,结果认为固关-虢镇断裂中段第四纪早期有明显活动,并以左旋走滑运动为主,左旋走滑运动利用了早白垩世形成的正断层面;晚更新世以后固关-虢镇断裂停止了活动。造成断裂运动方式和活动性转变的原因是,第四纪以来印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应到达青藏高原东北缘之后,陇县-宝鸡断裂带周围的块体因为相互作用进行调整,形成了该断裂带局部构造应力以剪应力为主所致。  相似文献   

18.
郯庐断裂走滑活动与辽河盆地构造古地理格局   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
李宏伟  许坤 《地学前缘》2001,8(4):467-470
渐新世晚期 ,郯庐断裂的右行走滑活动控制了辽河盆地的构造古地理格局。研究认为 ,岩石圈断块沿郯庐断裂的走滑活动与大型板块构造的活动方式有一定的相似之处 ,即伴随着郯庐断裂的右行走滑 ,从断裂的增压弯曲部位到断裂的释压拉张部位将发生岩石圈断块的汇聚与离散现象 ,由此造成了走滑断裂带上增压弯曲部位与释压拉张部位局部应力场性质的不同 :增压弯曲部位应力相对集中 ,岩石圈断块发生汇聚、挤压、隆升 ;而释压拉张部位由于应力释放 ,岩石圈断块发生离散、伸展、沉降。岩石圈断块的隆升与沉降造成了渐新世晚期辽河盆地构造古地理格局的巨大差异。  相似文献   

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