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1.
We performed a comparison analysis of the variations .in Mercury ( Hg) concentrations and the precipitation proxies ( e. g. , 18 O values and 10 Be concentrations) in the Dome C ice core. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Hg and δ 10O values, 10Be concentrations, indicating that the accumulation rate in Dome C is one of the key factors controlling the variations of Hg concentrations in the past 34 ,000 years, and implying that Hg concentrations in ice core can be used as another reliable proxy of precipitation rate in Antarctica. Based upon the high-resolution δ 18O values, we estimated the variations in mercury deposition flux to Antarctica over the past 34,000 years. The highest mercury deposition flux is about 3. 80 pg cm-2 yr-1 during the Last Glacial Maxium (LGM) as high as 3. 5 times of the mercury deposition flux ( about 1. 08 pg cm -2 yr -1) in Holocene due to the fluctuations in natural mercury emissions such as the oceanic biological emissions. 相似文献
2.
1 Introduction From July 10th to September 26, 2003,“Xuelong”scientific expedition icebreaker executed the 2nd Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2003). The voyage star- ted from Shanghai to Dalian via Yellow Sea and Bo Hai and the cruising rout… 相似文献
3.
The Seasonal Variabilities in the Concentration of Atmospheric Aerosols over Qingdao, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SHENG Lifang FU Ying QIU Mingyan GAO Huiwang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(4):383-390
Mass concentrations of Total Suspended Particles （TSP） and size-segregated particles were obtained from July 2001 to June 2002 in Qingdao to characterize the seasonal variations of atmospheric aerosols and to show the impact of dust events on the air quality in Qingdao. Data on size-segregated aerosols show that 73.74% of the TSP mass concentration is contributed by particles with diameters less than 11 μm. Particles with diameters less than 1.1μm have a higher concentration during the winter. In spring, larger particles tend to have higher mass concentrations. Bimodal particle size distributions have been observed, with maxima around 4.7-7 μand 0.43-0.65 μm in the winter season, and 7-11 μm and 0.65-1.1 μm in the autumn season. Measurements made during the dust events in March 2002 show high concentrations of particles in the size range 2.1-7μm. 相似文献
4.
Blocking is a large-sclae, mid-latitude atmospheric anticyclone that splits the westerly into two jets and has a profound
effect on local and regional climates. This study examined the seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability of the Atlantic
and Pacific blocking anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data between 1958 and 1999. The preferred blocking region during these forty-two
years was located over the Atlantic. Most blocking anticyclones over the Atlantic occurred in spring, while most of those
over the Pacific occurred in winter. Similar two-to four-year and eleven-year oscillations were found for both the Atlantic
and Pacific blocks by using wavelet analysis. The dominant mode for the Pacific blocks is decadal variation, while for the
Atlantic blocks the predominant one is interannual variation with a period of about three years. The frequencies of the Pacific
and Atlantic blocks varied almost in phase on interannual time scales except during the period of 1965–1977, and frequencies
were out of phase on decadal time scale throughout the forty-two years. 相似文献
5.
1 Introduction Polar region in north is the large source of arctic mass. As an importantmember of cli- matic system, sea-ice and its variation impact on intensity and extent of northern cold air. With the stronger influence of greenhouse-effect in latest5… 相似文献
6.
The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m?2 d?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m?2 d?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS. 相似文献
7.
在气候变化和全球治理挑战日益严峻的背景下,CO2排放及代价评估日益受到学术界和决策者的关注。当前全球范围包括联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）评估在内的几乎所有研究都是基于全球平均CO2浓度来驱动气候模式的,但基于全球CO2平均分布设定开展模拟影响评估在学术界多有争议。首先,综述了大气CO2非均匀分布的证据,评述了大气CO2浓度非均匀分布与地表升温过程的互馈机制。其次,从自然和人为2个维度,梳理了大气CO2浓度非均匀分布形成的原因,并评估了其对地表升温的影响。最后,评述了当前大气CO2浓度非均匀分布研究中存在的问题,进一步展望了其发展趋势,为把握全球与区域碳排放现状及气候变化影响提供科学判据。 相似文献
8.
LIU Ruhai Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(2):99-105
The release of mercury from intertidal sediment to atmosphere was studied based on the simulated experiment. The experiment samples were collected from the Haibo Estuary (S1) and the Licun Estuary (S2) of the Jiaozhou Bay in China,which are seriously polluted with mercury. The results show that the mercury in sediment releases rapidly to atmosphere under solar radiation. After 8 hours of solar radiation,mercury concentrations decrease from 5.62 μg/g and 2.92 μg/g to 2.34 μg/g and 1.39 μg/g in S1 and S2 sediments respectively in summer,and decrease from 5.62 μg/g and 2.92 μg/g to 4.58 μg/g and 2.13 μg/g respectively in winter. The mercury species in the sediment change markedly under solar radiation. The concentrations of mercury bound to organic matter decrease significantly from 2.73 μg/g to 0.31 μg/g in S1 and from 2.07 μg/g to 0.31 μg/g in S2,and the released mercury mainly comes from mercury bound to organic matter. Mercury flux shows distinguishing characteristic of diurnal change,and it increases rapidly in the morning with the rising of solar radiation intensity,but decreases in the afternoon. The mercury flux increases with sediment temperature and solar radiation intensity. The rapid release of mercury in intertidal sediment plays an important role in the regional mercury cycle. 相似文献
9.
以2015年GGOS Atmosphere格网产品和探空站资料为参考值,评价GPT2w模型在中国地区计算对流层加权平均温度Tm的精度和适用性。结果表明：1）在中国地区,1°分辨率的GPT2w模型精度和稳定性优于5°分辨率,且GPT2w模型表现出显著的系统性误差;2）Tm的bias和RMS误差均具有明显的时空变化特性,季节变化表现为春冬季较大、夏季较小,空间变化上RMS误差表现为随纬度增加而变大;3）受地形起伏和Tm日周期变化影响,Tm在中国西部和东北地区误差较大。 相似文献
10.
The Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay, Qingdao, China. More than 10 rivers enter the bay, of which most take wastes from industrial and household discharges. According to historical seasonal investigations in May, August, November 1979, the content, distribution, and development of heavy metal mercury are analyzed as a historical reference. Water samples were taken from the surface and bottom. The results revealed clear seasonal and regional changes in both horizontal and vertical directions, and close relation with major discharging rivers and plankton production. The seawater was polluted more seriously in spring than in any other seasons. However, it was the cleanest in winter during which least waste was input with low plankton production. According to historical data, the state of mercury pollution in seawater was worsening in the period, and has been improving in recent years. Terrestrial contamination was the main reason for mercury pollution in the bay. 相似文献
11.
青藏高原植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1982-2001年美国国家航天航空局(NASA)的归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料以及55个青藏高原地区气象台站实测的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原地区各季节植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响,通过分析发现,各季节青藏高原地区NDVI均以增长为主.特别是高原南部、北部和西部等地区增加明显,高原中东部地区植被有所减少.通过相关分析和台站概率相关分析发现,高原冬季和春季NDVI与后期春季和夏季的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水有较好的正相关关系,但有的表现在相关系数比较显著,有的表现为概率相关较明显. 相似文献
12.
近年来,空气质量问题日渐突出,大气污染已严重影响了人们的身体健康和日常生活。为了探究成都市近年来的大气污染状况,分析大气颗粒物浓度的时空变化特征及其控制性因子,本文利用2016年成都市逐小时PM_(2.5)监测数据,分析成都市PM_(2.5)浓度时空变化特征,探索气象因子与城市空间形态因子(建筑错落度)对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的影响。结果表明:(1)成都市PM_(2.5)浓度的日变化特征表现为城市中心具有"单峰单谷"特征,而城市郊区日变化特征不明显。且城市中心PM_(2.5)浓度空间变化特征整体表现为由西北向东南逐渐减小的趋势。(2)从全年来看,成都市PM_(2.5)浓度与气温和风速均呈显著负相关,与海平面气压呈显著正相关,而与相对湿度的相关性不明显。(3)PM_(2.5)浓度日间变化率与城市空间形态因子的相关性较强,建筑错落度越高,PM_(2.5)浓度下降越快。 相似文献
13.
Xiang-ying Li Yong-jian Ding Tian-ding Han Jian-zhong Xu Shi-chang Kang Qing-bai Wu Mika Sillanpää Zhong-bo Yu Cong-rong Yu 《山地科学学报》2017,14(8):1577-1590
The profound impacts exerted by climate warming on the Tibetan Plateau have been documented extensively, but the biogeochemical responses remain poorly understood. This study was aimed at seasonal variations of total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) in stream water at two gauging sections (TTH, ZMD) in the upper basin of Yangtze River (UBYA) and at four gauging sections (HHY, JM, JG, TNH) in the upper basin of Yellow River (UBYE) in 2013. Results showed that concentrations of TON exhibit higher values in spring and winter and lower values in summer. TOC exhibits higher concentrations in spring or early summer and lower concentrations in autumn or winter. Seasonal variations of TOC and TON fluxes are dominated by water flux. In total, the UBYE and UBYA delivers 55,435 tons C of organic carbon and 9,872 tons N of organic nitrogen to downstream ecosystems in 2013. Although the combined flux of TOC from UBYA and UBYE is far lower than those from large rivers, their combined yields is higher than, or comparable with, those from some large rivers (e.g. Nile, Orange, Columbia), implying that organic carbon from the Tibetan Plateau may exert a potentially influence on regional and/or global carbon cycles in future warming climate. 相似文献
14.
Weiwei Chen Shichun Zhang Quansong Tong Xuelei Zhang Hongmei Zhao Siqi Ma Aijun Xiu Yuexin He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):836-850
Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 AQI 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China. 相似文献
15.
徐闻珊瑚礁保护区营养盐时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2006年8月(夏季)、2006年11月(秋季)、2007年2月(冬季)和2007年4月(春季)在徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区灯楼角至流沙湾近岸海域调查徐闻珊瑚礁保护区的营养盐变化及空间分布特征。结果表明:徐闻珊瑚礁保护区水域溶解态无机氮以NO3--N为主,其含量超过总溶解无机氮的50%;各站点NO2--N含量相对较低,冬季NO3--N和NH4+-N含量均高于其它季节;无机磷含量在0mg/L～0.030mg/L之间变化;活性硅含量表现为夏秋季节高、冬春季节低;表层水体硝酸盐氮/无机磷原子比值(N/P)夏季较低,不存在无机磷受限情况,而冬季N/P整体较高,此时水体主要受无机磷限制。 相似文献
16.
李正炎 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):163-168
Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females. Seasonal variation of imposex intensity in Thais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex. The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season. 相似文献
17.
Four climatologies on a monthly scale (January, April, May and November) of chlorophyll a within the South China Sea (SCS) were calculated using a Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) (1979-1983) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) (1998-2002). We analyzed decadal variability of chlorophyll a by comparing the products of the two observation periods. The relationships of variability in chlorophyll a with sea surface wind speed (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress (WS), and mixed layer depth (MLD) were determined. The results indicate that there is obvious chlorophyll a decadal variability in the SCS. The decadal chlorophyll a presents distinct seasonal variability in characteristics, which may be as a result of various different dynamic processes. The negative chlorophyll a concentration anomaly in January was associated with the warming of SST and a shallower MLD. Generally, there were higher chlorophyll a concentrations in spring during the SeaWiFS period compared with the CZCS period. However, the chlorophyll a concentration exhibits some regional differences during this season, leading to an explanation being difficult. The deepened MLD may have contributed to the positive chlorophyll a concentration anomalies from the northwestern Luzon Island to the northeastern region of Vietnam during April and May. The increases of chlorophyll a concentration in northwestern Borneo during May may be because the stronger SSW and higher WS produce a deeper mixed layer and convective mixing, leading to high levels of nutrient concentrations. The higher chlorophyll a off southeastern Vietnam may be associated with the advective transport of the colder water extending from the Karimata Strait to southeastern Vietnam. 相似文献
18.
Li Zhengyan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):163-168
Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females.
Seasonal variation of imposex intensity inThais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length
showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October
to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference
between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and
early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout
the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex.
The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season.
Supported by the NSFC (40006007). 相似文献
19.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
The ocean is an important inventory of anthropogenic mercury(Hg),yet the history of anthropogenic Hg accumulation in the ocean remains largely unexplored.Deep-sea corals are an emerging archive of past ocean chemistry,which take in sinking or suspended particulate organic matter as their food sources.Such organic matter would exchange Hg with the local seawater before being consumed by the deepsea corals.As such,the organics preserved in the coral skeleton may record the Hg evolution of the ambient seawater during the time of coral growth.Here,we report the first data on Hg concentrations variability of a deep-sea proteinaceous coral in the oligotrophic North Pacific at the water depth of 1 249 m,in attempt to understand the transfer of anthropogenic Hg into the deep Pacific ocean over the last seven centuries.We find that the Hg concentrations of different coral growth layers have remained relatively constant albeit with considerable short-term variability through time.The overall stable Hg concentration of the last seven centuries recorded in our sample suggests that anthropogenic pollution is not yet a clearly resolvable component in the deep oligotrophic North Pacific waters,in agreement with rece nt estimation from modelling works and observational studies of modern seawater profiles.As there is hardly an unambiguous way to separate anthropogenic Hg from the natural background based on recent seawater profiles,our historical data provide valuable information helping to understand the oceanic cycle of Hg through time. 相似文献
20.
In a study of surface monsoon winds over the China marginal seas, Sun et al. (2012) use singular value decomposition method to identify regional dominant modes and analyze their interdecadal variability. This paper continues to evaluate the interannual variability of each dominant mode and its relation to various atmospheric, oceanic and land factors. The findings include: 1) The intensity of the winter monsoon over the East China Sea is highly correlated with the Siberian High intensity and anti-correlated with the latitudinal position of the Aleutian Low as well as the rainfall in eastern China, Korean Peninsula and Japan; 2) The western Pacific subtropical high is significantly correlated with the summer monsoon intensity over the East China Sea and anti-correlated with the summer monsoon over the South China Sea; 3) The winter monsoon in a broad zonal belt through the Luzon Strait is dominated by the ENSO signal, strengthening in the La Ni a phase and weakening in the El Ni o phase. This inverse relation exhibits interdecadal shift with a period of weak correlation in the 1980s; 4) Analysis of tidal records validates the interdecadal weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon and reveals an atmospheric bridge that conveys the ENSO signal into the South China Sea via the winter monsoon. 相似文献