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1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(6)
Global warming and climate change is one of the most extensively researched and discussed topical issues affecting the environment.Although there are enough historical evidence to support the theory that climate change is a natural phenomenon,many research scientists are widely in agreement that the increase in temperature in the 20 th century is anthropologically related.The associated effects are the variability of rainfall and cyclonic patterns that are being observed globally.In Southeast Asia the link between global warming and the seasonal atmospheric flow during the monsoon seasons shows varying degree of fuzziness.This study investigates the impact of climate change on the seasonality of monsoon Asia and its effect on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia.The comparison of decadal variation of precipitation and temperature anomalies before the 1970 s found general increases which were mostly varying.But beyond the 1970 s,global precipitation anomalous showed increases that almost corresponded with increases in global temperature anomalies for the same period.There are frequent changes and a shift westward of the Indian summer monsoon.Although precipitation is observed to be 70%below normal levels,in some areas the topography affects the intensity of rainfall.These shifting phenomenon of other monsoon season in the region are impacting on the variability of rainfall and the onset of monsoons in Southeast Asia and is predicted to delay for 15 days the onset of the monsoon in the future.The variability of monsoon rainfall in the SEA region is observed to be decadal and the frequency and intensity of intermittent flooding of some areas during the monsoon season have serious consequences on the human,financial,infrastructure and food security of the region. 相似文献
2.
Assessing flood disaster impacts in agriculture under climate change in the river basins of Southeast Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shrestha Badri Bhakta Perera Edangodage Duminda Pradeep Kudo Shun Miyamoto Mamoru Yamazaki Yusuke Kuribayashi Daisuke Sawano Hisaya Sayama Takahiro Magome Jun Hasegawa Akira Ushiyama Tomoki Iwami Yoichi Tokunaga Yoshio 《Natural Hazards》2019,97(1):157-192
Natural Hazards - This study focused on flood damage assessment for future floods under the impact of climate change. Four river basins of Southeast Asia were selected for the study. They included... 相似文献
3.
Climate Change and Silk Road Civilization Evolution in Arid Central Asia: Progress and Issues 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fahu Chen Guanghui Dong Jianhui Chen Yongqi Gao Wei Huang Tao Wang Shengqian Chen Juzhi Hou 《地球科学进展》2019,34(6):561-572
Arid central Asia is one of the regions most sensitive to global climate change, as well as the region with dramatically hydrological changes and fragile ecosystems. The region includes the main body of the ancient Silk Road, which played a key role in the cultural exchange and the rise and fall of Silk Road civilization. Scientific assessment of the risks faced by the sustainable development of human society in the arid central Asia under the background of global warming is a major scientific issue that has received much attention. The study of the relationship between cultural exchange, development of Silk Road civilization and climate change can provide a scientific basis for understanding the evolution rules of human-land relationship on different timescales in this area. This study summarized the research progress in the history of cultural exchanges, the rise and fall of Silk Road civilization, climate change during the Holocene, forcing mechanisms of climate and hydrological change on different timescales, as well as the process and rule of human-environment interaction. On this basis, we proposed that the study of the temporal and spatial patterns of Holocene climate change and the evolution of Silk Road civilization in arid central Asia, as well as the research on the interaction mechanisms between human and environment, are obviously insufficient. Solving the problems of regional imbalance of climate change and cultural evolution in arid central Asia and strengthening the cross-disciplinary study of geoscience and archaeology are effective ways to promote the study of climate change and changes of Silk Road civilization, which has important scientific and practical significance for understanding the evolution of human-land relations in the region, coping with the challenges of climate change, and serving the “One Belt, One Road” strategy. 相似文献
4.
亚洲中部干旱区是对全球气候变化响应最为敏感的地区之一,也是水文变化剧烈和生态环境脆弱的地区。该地区包括了古丝绸之路的主体,在东西方交流和丝路文明兴衰历史中发挥了关键的作用。科学评估全球增温背景下亚洲中部干旱区人类社会可持续发展面临的风险,是广受关注的重大科学问题。东西方交流和丝路文明发展历史及其与气候环境变化关系的研究,可为认识该地区不同时间尺度人地关系演变的规律提供科学依据。通过总结东西方交流与丝路文明兴衰历史、亚洲中部干旱区全新世气候变化过程、多时间尺度气候一水文变化机制以及人与环境相互作用的过程与规律等领域的研究进展,提出目前亚洲中部干旱区全新世气候环境变化时空格局和丝路文明演化的过程,以及人与环境相互作用机制的研究存在明显不足。破解亚洲中部干旱区气候变化和文化演化研究区域不均衡问题,加强地学与考古学等多学科交叉研究,是推进气候变化与丝路文明变迁研究的有效途径。这对理解该地区人地关系演化规律、应对气候变化带来的挑战、服务国家“一带一路”倡议具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。 相似文献
5.
区域研究：全球变化研究的重要途径 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
区域研究是全球变化研究的重要途径。国际上南部非洲、南亚、东亚、东南亚4个地区及若干重大区域研究项目如 LBA、AMMA、MAIRS及ProMed等典型案例研究表明：区域研究是全球变化研究的基础，区域的实验、模拟、分析是全球环境变化研究的有效方法。区域研究应关注：陆地表面过程、海岸带的陆—海相互作用过程、区域气候变化过程等关键过程对全球变化的响应及作用；区域边缘现象、阈值与突变问题；区域人类活动对全球变化的有序适应等。有必要制订国际区域研究计划，实施地球系统的区域观测，建立区域研究的集成新方法、区域实验与尺度转换方法，建立基于数理基础的区域地球系统模型和数值模拟等新方法。 相似文献
6.
Holocene climate and cultural evolution in late prehistoric-early historic West Asia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The precipitation climatology and the underlying climate mechanisms of the eastern Mediterranean, West Asia, and the Indian subcontinent are reviewed, with emphasis on upper and middle tropospheric flow in the subtropics and its steering of precipitation. Holocene climate change of the region is summarized from proxy records. The Indian monsoon weakened during the Holocene over its northernmost region, the Ganges and Indus catchments and the western Arabian Sea. Southern regions, the Indian Peninsula, do not show a reduction, but an increase of summer monsoon rain across the Holocene. The long-term trend towards drier conditions in the eastern Mediterranean can be linked to a regionally complex monsoon evolution. Abrupt climate change events, such as the widespread droughts around 8200, 5200 and 4200 cal yr BP, are suggested to be the result of altered subtropical upper-level flow over the eastern Mediterranean and Asia.The abrupt climate change events of the Holocene radically altered precipitation, fundamental for cereal agriculture, across the expanse of late prehistoric-early historic cultures known from the archaeological record in these regions. Social adaptations to reduced agro-production, in both dry-farming and irrigation agriculture regions, are visible in the archaeological record during each abrupt climate change event in West Asia. Chronological refinement, in both the paleoclimate and archaeological records, and transfer functions for both precipitation and agro-production are needed to understand precisely the evident causal linkages. 相似文献
7.
亚洲中纬度气候主要受两大环流控制,继而划分出受亚洲季风控制季风区和受西风环流控制的西风区。已有研究发现在年代际至千年尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化存在错相位、甚至反相位的现象。文章综述了中更新世以来,多千年至轨道尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化模态的异同,以此深入了解亚洲气候演化的系统性。结果表明:二者的间冰期气候演化的整体趋势存在明显差别,尤其MIS 13以来,二者的演化趋势基本相反。在间冰期的多千年至万年尺度上,二者的气候演化模态呈现非同相位:高精度的释光测年结果显示天山地区的湿度变化滞后于黄土高原地区大概3~5 ka,且该现象在更早的间冰期可重复。在冰期的千年尺度上,两地的湿度演化基本一致,但西风区湿度的波动幅度更大。 相似文献
8.
模拟作物适宜生长区的时空分布是分析气候变化对作物生长影响、提高作物生长适应能力的重要内容。选择影响主要粮食作物(小麦、玉米和水稻)生长的气候要素,结合地表土壤和地面高程要素与农业观测站数据,模拟和分析1953—2012年主要粮食作物适宜生长区的变动,评估气候变化下作物的适应能力。研究发现:(1)60年来3种粮食作物适宜生长区对气候变化响应程度从大到小依次是小麦、水稻和玉米。(2)同一时空尺度上,主要粮食作物适宜生长类型区在南方农区较北方农区多样化,在山地较盆地多样化,在高原较平原多样化。(3)小麦生长适应气候变化的能力在多数农区略有上升。玉米生长的适应能力在北方和南方农区分别略微提高和下降。水稻生长的适应能力在长江中下游区、西南区和华南区相对稳定,在黄淮海区和东北区分别下降和提高。(4)60年来,主要粮食作物综合生长适应气候变化的能力在黄淮海区和长江中下游区下降,在其余农区升高。(5)玉米和水稻适宜生长区分别与播种面积和作物产量显著相关,这为模拟未来不同气候情景下二者适宜生长区的分布提供了可行性。小麦适宜生长区与播种面积和产量均不显著相关,未来需要考虑更多因素精准识别小麦适宜生长区,以便更为有效地提高小麦生长对气候变化的适应能力。 相似文献
9.
Michael Pietrusewsky 《Quaternary International》2010,211(1-2):42-54
Stepwise discriminant function analysis and Mahalanobis' generalized distance are applied to 28 landmark measurements recorded in 38 prehistoric and modern cranial series from Eastern Asia for interpreting biological relationships and population history. The cranial series are from Japan, China, Northern Asia, mainland Southeast Asia, and island Southeast Asia. The results of this analysis indicate a marked separation of East/North Asian and Southeast Asian cranial series, a finding that supports hypotheses of long-term continuity in northern and southern regions of Eastern Asia rather than models that suggest intrusion and replacement. The results also support a common recent origin of the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans in Northeast Asia. A major intrusion of people into the Japanese archipelago beginning in the Yayoi Period is further supported by these results. The relationships of Ainu, Jomon, Ryukyu Islanders, and Taiwan Aboriginals are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Holocene Monsoon Changes Inferred from Lake Sediment Pollen and Carbonate Records, Northeastern Cambodia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrew Lee Maxwell 《Quaternary Research》2001,56(3):390
Major Holocene monsoon changes in continental Southeast Asia are reconstructed from analysis of 14C-dated changes in pollen and organic/inorganic carbon in sediment cores taken from permanent, closed-basin, volcanic lakes in Ratanakiri Province, northeastern Cambodia. Analysis focuses on the nature and timing of monsoon changes, inferred from changes in vegetation and lake conditions. These data provide the first well-dated palynological record, covering most of the Holocene and continuous up to the present, from a terrestrial site in mainland Southeast Asia. The record from a 15-m core retrieved from Kara Lake, representing the last 9300 years, shows that the late Glacial conditions ended about 8500 14C yr B.P., more than 1000 years later than sites in southwest China. Summer monsoon intensity increased over the period ca. 8400–5300 14C yr B.P., similar to most other sites in the Asian monsoon region. A subsequent expansion of secondary forests at the expense of dense semievergreen forests suggest a drier climate leading to more frequent fire disturbance. After ca. 3500 14C yr B.P. disturbance frequency may have increased further with increasing seasonality. From ca. 2500 14C yr B.P. to the present, dense forest has recovered in a mosaic with annually burned dry forest, but climate may not be the main control on local vegetation dynamics in the late Holocene. 相似文献
11.
The latest Early Oligocene record from the Lanzhou Basin, northeast Tibetan Plateau, presents an opportunity to investigate early stage of the Asian monsoon patterns due to its special location. The record provides insights into the global zonal climate and the development of the non-zonal monsoon system. The study identifies possible links between factors governing the monsoonal patters and paleoaltimetry of the Tibetan Plateau. Sporomorphs results indicate the dominance of arboreal plants (both coniferous and broad-leaved) corresponding to a wetter environment, while xerophytes were rare. Based on the Coexistence Approach (CA), the climate of the Lanzhou Basin is likely to have been similar to that of present-day sites in Southeast China, i.e., characterized by relatively high precipitation and a warm climate. Both qualitative analysis of the sporomorph assemblages and quantitative calculations indicate that monsoons similar to those of the present daywere formed in East Asia and reached the Lanzhou region in inner Asia. High percentages of Picea, generally associated with the relatively high topography of the NE Tibetan Plateau, correlate well with the high paleoaltimetry of the main Tibetan Plateau during the Oligocene. Thus, the East Asian monsoon during this time can be closely linked to an uplifted Tibetan Plateau, following modeled relationships between the Tibetan Plateau and monsoon patterns. However, we believe such high precipitation may have mainly resulted from the orographic barrier, rather than being driven by zonal climate factors. Further investigation into the extent of, and controls on, the region of high precipitation should help clarify the role of these processes. 相似文献
12.
青藏滇缅印尼歹字型自中新世中期澳大利亚板块与东南亚大陆开始碰撞逐渐形成。上新世早期演化成为具有统一形变、运动和动力体系的构造。其与澳大利亚以及西南太平洋地区的连环式旋卷构造是一个构造整体,可以归入一个构造体系。探索认识这一巨型构造体系因其与青藏高原构造地貌的演变,全球大洋温盐环流的重大调整密切相关。其导致了区域乃至影响了全球的气候环境剧变。认识李四光教授的科学思想和构造体系需要沿着其思想脉络,从更广阔的范围和科学发展的前沿思考和探索。 相似文献
13.
气候与土地利用变化对水文水资源的影响研究 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
水资源短缺和水患灾害已成为全球关心的重大问题。气候与土地利用变化对流域水资源和旱涝的影响以及由此产生的社会经济后果已引起人类社会的广泛关注。深入综合地开展这方面的研究对国民经济建设和可持续发展规划决策有重要的意义。通过分析总结已进行的有关研究工作 ,对该领域的研究进展作了简要回顾 ,讨论了现有工作的不足和今后的研究内容和方法。 相似文献
14.
王承书 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(1):92-112
东南亚位于欧亚、印－澳和菲律宾海三大板块汇聚结合带，现代及古代汇聚区域广泛，弧碰撞起着重要作用。根据地质、古地磁和浅源地震等地球动力演化的研究建立了一系列构造模式 表明该区地表构造运动的复杂性。尽管规模较小，台湾地区的弧碰撞可能是目前全世界的研究热点之一，因为这一碰撞带较年青（数百万年），非常活跃，易于通过地质、地球物理、大地测量和遥感手段进行测定和监控。未来对活动俯冲带和造山带的研究应与地震、海啸、污染、气候变化等这些与自然灾害有关的社会问题紧密联系起来。 相似文献
15.
东南亚地区是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（以下简称“海洋丝路”）的重要组成部分,该区历史上曾发生十余次巨大地震,地震及其次生地质灾害是威胁东南亚地区经济社会发展和国际合作的主要自然灾害。系统梳理该区地震活动的时空分布特征及评估未来灾害风险格局,对于推进“一带一路”倡议实施及区域经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。文章基于东南亚地区1900年以来M≥5地震的时空分布统计分析和地震b值计算,揭示出该区的地震活动在时间上表现出活跃期与平静期交替变化的特征;空间上表现出明显的聚集效应,成丛性强且主要集中在5个地震统计区内,其中印尼—马来多岛弧盆系地震区和菲律宾群岛地震区的地震活动最为活跃。总体而言,东南亚5个地震区的b值偏低,在0.42~0.91之间。该区内的地震b值也存在时空差异,受大地震事件、俯冲带年龄、活动断裂带和震源深度等众多因素影响,但主控因素在不同区域有所不同。地震b值时空变化特征对区域地震活动预测具有启示作用。上述认识为推进“海洋丝路”工程建设和“一带一路”防灾减灾对策提供了科学支撑。 相似文献
16.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(9-10):564-574
An overview of the expected change of climate extremes during this century due to greenhouse gases and aerosol anthropogenic emissions is presented. The most commonly used methodologies rely on the dynamical or statistical downscaling of climate projections, performed with coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models. Either of dynamical or of statistical type, downscaling methods present strengths and weaknesses, but neither their validation on present climate conditions, nor their potential ability to project the impact of climate change on extreme event statistics allows one to give a specific advantage to one of the two types. The results synthesized in the last IPCC report and more recent studies underline a convergence for a very likely increase in heat wave episodes over land surfaces, linked to the mean warming and the increase in temperature variability. In addition, the number of days of frost should decrease and the growing season length should increase. The projected increase in heavy precipitation events appears also as very likely over most areas and also seems linked to a change in the shape of the precipitation intensity distribution. The global trends for drought duration are less consistent between models and downscaling methodologies, due to their regional variability. The change of wind-related extremes is also regionally dependent, and associated to a poleward displacement of the midlatitude storm tracks. The specific study of extreme events over France reveals the high sensitivity of some statistics of climate extremes at the decadal time scale as a consequence of regional climate internal variability. 相似文献
17.
Decoupling of stalagmite-derived Asian summer monsoon records from North Atlantic temperature change during marine oxygen isotope stage 5d 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Houyun Zhou Jianxin Zhao Chuan-Chou Shen Yuexing Feng Huazheng Guan Chen-Feng You 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(2):315-321
The Asian monsoon is an important component of the global climate system. Seasonal variations in wind, rainfall, and temperature associated with the Asian monsoon systems affect a vast expanse of tropical and subtropical Asia. Speleothem-derived summer monsoon variation in East Asia was previously found to be closely associated with millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region between 75 and 10 ka. New evidence recovered from East Asia, however, suggests that the teleconnection between summer monsoon in East Asia and temperature change in the North Atlantic region may have significantly reduced during 120 to ~ 110 ka, a period directly after the full last interglaciation and corresponding roughly to marine oxygen isotope stage 5d. This reduction may be due to the low ice volume in the North Hemisphere at that time, which makes the millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region less effective in influencing the Asian summer monsoon. This is important for investigating the mechanisms controlling the Asian summer monsoon and the paleoclimatic teleconnection between East Asia and the North Atlantic region, and for predicting monsoon-associated precipitation in East Asia under a global-warming trend. 相似文献
18.
Regional differences in climatic change are of importance in order to establish the counter-measures for the damage by anomalous climate to agricultural production. It is not unusual for some regions to suffer floods while droughts occur in nearby regions at the same time. This paper deals mainly with the regionality of climatic change in E Asia during recent years, using the year-climate method expressed by the Köppen's system of climatic classification. Occurrence frequencies of BW, BS, Cf, Cw, Dwa, Dwb, and Dwc-type showed striking regionalities, which were obtained from the data at the 134 observatories over E Asia during the period from 1951 to 1970. The distribution of climatic types in each year shows various tendencies: Wet and cold as in 1954 and 1957 shows a pattern in which the boundary between C-type and D-type runs south and the Cfa-zone is broad, extending from middle E China to SW Japan. In contrast, in dry and warm years like 1965, the Dwa regions disappear in the N of E China and the BS region is located just north of the Cwa region, which is distributed broadly from China to Japan. Occurrence frequencies of year climate during the last 100 years were calculated for the 4 stations: Hong Kong, Manila, Shanghai and Tokyo. The results were compared with the distribution types of winter temperature and summer precipitation in China. It seems that the precipitation conditions in summer were reversed between the Philippines and China. Summarizing the results obtained, a schema of the regionality of climatic fluctuation in E and SE Asia was given in relation to the upper air streams. The position of the subtropical jet stream in winter shows a close relationship to the N limit of the Aw and Am year climate regions and in summer with the S limit of Dw region in NE China and North Korea. The Cw and Cf year climate regions in E Asia are located roughly in the regions bounded by the axes of subtropical jet streams in winter and in summer. The Dw year climate region in the E of the Tibetan Plateau reflects the altitudinal effect of the Cw climate of SE China. The N of E China has the variable BS year climate, which may related to the summer and winter jet stream conditions. Finally, the interannual change of the agricultural production index was dealt with in relation to the occurrence frequency of year climate types over E Asia during the years 1967–1970. As far as this period is concerned, the drier conditions are more effective than the wetter conditions in reducing agricultural production. 相似文献
19.
Fei Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):723-741
Environment plays an important role in the interaction between host and pathogen and in the expression of diseases. Climatic differences among East Asia, Eastern USA, the Mediterranean and Northern Europe were compared against differences in the prevalence of pine wilt disease. This disease was prevalent in East Asia where there are frequent summer droughts and typhoons. Northern Europe (EEM) has a mild climate with very few summer droughts and tropical cyclone impacts and no pine wilt disease. The Mediterranean occasionally suffers climatic extremes, and pine wilt disease occurs infrequently and in localized area. The Eastern USA has climatic variability intermediate between Northern Europe and East Asia. Hurricanes are fewer and weaker compared to typhoons in Japan, China and Korea. Pine wilt disease occurs only in exotic pines in the USA. The climate of Hokkaido in Japan, where there is no pine wilt disease, is similar to that of the Eastern USA. With special stress adaptability, pines (Pinus spp.) usually respond to the meteorological extremes entirely and excrete large amount of resin. Disturbing by the hazardous summer drought and strong rainless typhoons (foehn-like typhoon), water and energy imbalance of pines often occurred so as to halt the resin excretion and trigger them into wilt. 相似文献
20.
XU Qi YANG Xiang-peng ZHANG Fa-wang BI Xue-li SHI Jian CHEN Zhen ZHOU Li-xin YANG Chen 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):247-255
The compilation of serial maps of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia is a project under the “One Belt One Road” geological survey plan granted by China Geological Survey. This paper summarized the research trend of geoscientific mapping in China and Southeast Asia and introduced the significance, contents, technical routes, operating methods and progress of the project. Through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, this project builded an international cooperation platform for mapping and completes the preliminary compilation of related karst geological maps in China and Southeast Asia, thus filling up the blank of karst geological maps in this region. 相似文献