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通过对北海外沙Ｘｉ湖ＣＫ１０钻孔岩芯进行硅藻、有孔虫,孢粉的综合分析,发现全新世地层中有８个硅藻组合带,５个孢粉组合带和５个有孔虫组合,结合＾１４Ｃ测年资料与沉积物特征,认为该Ｘｉ湖全新世地层可划分为早全新世,中全新世,晚全新世。植被演替为混有落叶阔叶林的亚热带常绿阔叶林－亚热带常绿林－亚热带,热带常绿阔叶林－混杂有中,北亚热带落叶阔叶林的南亚热带季风雨林－南亚热带常绿阔叶林。 相似文献
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本文依据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,从孢粉成分的变化,重建了15kaBP以来的植被和气候变化历史。研究结果发现:15.0—12.5kaBP期间研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被类型是以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主。海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树林,当时气温比现在低一些,但无明显变干现象。12—10kaBP期间植被中低山雨林花粉增多,红树植物花粉减少,这说明此时海平面上升,气温也回升,花粉源区变远。全新世时(10kaBP至今),花粉主要来源于加里曼丹岛和周围岛屿,植被以低山雨林和海滨红树植物为主,但花粉浓度大幅降低,这种花粉浓度降低说明海平面继续上升,研究区距离花粉源区越来越远。全新世中期时为热、湿的气候环境,后期与现今相近。 相似文献
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通过对南海69站深海柱状剖面的孢粉、藻类研究，根据孢粉成分的变化将该孔沉积层从下至上划分为5个孢粉组合带：1带：Quercus（常绿）-Pinus-Cyathea-Artemisia孢粉带（552．5—470cm）；2带：Pinus-PP0dofnrpus—Quercus—Polypodiaceae孢粉带（470--350cm）；3带：Quercus（常绿）-Castanopsis—Pinus—Polypodiaceae孢粉带（350250cm）；4带：Pinus，Podocarpus-Artemisia-Polypodiaceae孢粉带（250140cm）；5带：P0docarpus-cyathea-Quercus（常绿）-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带（140-0cm）。并相应恢复了南海东部64000a以来3个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段：热带季雨林、热带北缘半常绿季雨林和热带季雨林。结合氧同位素测定资料，对69站柱状地层时代作了划分：孢粉1带相当于氧同位素3期，时代为Q3^3-2；孢粉2-4带相当于氧同位素2期，时代为Q3^3-3；孢粉5带为氧同位素1期，时代为Q4. 相似文献
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白凤龙 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1988,(4)
本文根据兰州第四纪典型剖面孢子花粉组合特征和分布规律划分为八个孢粉带,详细地论述了第四纪不同时期的植被、气候及环境演变的进程.从而看出兰州第四纪以草原或疏树草原植被为主,干旱气候贯穿始终,并存在多次冷暖交替的多旋回性特点. 相似文献
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南海深海柱状样沉积孢粉藻类组合及其古气候与古环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海149站和323站深海柱状剖面进行了孢粉与藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将南海149站从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,依次为:1带:Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Umbellferae-Gramineae-Pteris孢粉带(407～270cm);2带:Dacrydium-Quercus-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带(270～105cm);3带:Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pteridium孢粉带(105～30cm);4带:Gleditsia-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带(30～0cm)。323站也划分了4个孢粉带,与149站进行了比较研究。并相应恢复了南海东部7.5万年以来4个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段,结合氧同位素测年资料,对149站和323站柱状地层时代划分作了讨论,为南海古植被、古气候、古环境演变研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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新生代全球的气候与植被经历了显著变化。系统开展云南新生代植被与气候的研究将为理解青藏高原隆升和印度季风起源与演化提供重要的信息。总结了近几十年来云南的新生代孢粉记录,重建了除始新世以外的云南新生代植被与气候的大致变化,并划分出9个孢粉组合带:古新世为榆粉属-麻黄粉属-希指蕨孢组合,植被是以落叶阔叶植物为主的常绿落叶阔叶混交林,气候偏干旱;早中渐新世时为栎粉属-桤木粉属-松科-水龙骨科组合,植被为亚热带常绿阔叶林,气候温暖湿润;晚渐新世—早中新世针叶林增多,气候有所变凉,为松科-栎粉属-水龙骨科组合;中中新世为壳斗科-桤木属-水龙骨科-松科组合,壳斗科和喜湿热的蕨类植物含量高,反映了暖湿的中中新世气候环境;晚中新世—早上新世为壳斗科-松科-桤木属-草本植物组合,早期气候温暖湿润,晚期针叶林和草本植物增多,气候有冷干化趋势;中上新世为栎属-松科-水龙骨科组合,热带亚热带的科属增加,气候暖湿;晚上新世为松科-栎属-草本植物组合,针叶林和草本植物扩张,气候有冷干化的趋势;更新世为松科-草本植物-栎属组合,针叶林和草本植物增多,气候进一步冷干化;全新世为松科-栎属组合,气候总体回暖,以中期最为暖湿。上述云南孢粉植物群的变化特征揭示了全球温度是控制云南植被长期变化的主要因素,晚渐新世—早中新世的变冷与青藏高原隆升有关,而晚中新世以来的冷干化是全球变冷和高原隆升叠加的结果。已有的研究显示云南古近纪的孢粉研究明显不足,部分地层仍存在时代争议,因此,认为今后在解决地层年代学的基础上,应重点加强云南古近纪孢粉的研究工作。 相似文献
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根据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,依据孢粉成分的变化,重建了15 000 aBP以来的植被和气候变化历史.研究结果发现:冰消期早期(15.0～12.5 kaBP)研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主.海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树... 相似文献
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通过对北海外沙泻湖CK10 钻孔岩芯进行硅藻、有孔虫、孢粉的综合分析, 发现全新世地层中有8 个硅藻组合带,5 个孢粉组合带和5 个有孔虫组合。结合14C测年资料与沉积物特征, 认为该泻湖全新世地层可划分为早全新世、中全新世、晚全新世。植被演替为混有落叶阔叶林的亚热带常绿阔叶林→亚热带常绿林→亚热带、热带常绿阔叶林→混杂有中、北亚热带落叶阔叶林的南亚热带季风雨林→南亚热带常绿阔叶林。气候演变依次为热湿偏凉干→热湿→炎热潮湿→热湿偏凉→热湿。沉积相发展顺序为河漫滩相→河口沼泽相→河漫滩相→河口沼泽相→河口湾相→泻湖相→河口湾相→泻湖相。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献