共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
威海小石岛人工鱼礁区渔获物组成特征及与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(5)
于2012年9月—2013年7月采集了威海小石岛人工鱼礁区和对照区4个季度的刺网渔获物和环境数据。基于该调查数据,应用物种多样性指数和多元分析法,研究了鱼礁区与对照区渔获物的种类组成、多样性、群落结构以及渔获物与环境因子的关系。研究表明:鱼礁区的渔获物共23种,其中鱼类17种、甲壳类5种、棘皮类1种;对照区的渔获物共14种,其中鱼类8种、甲壳类5种、棘皮类1种。鱼礁区与对照区渔获物的种类丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数无显著性差异(P0.05)。聚类分析和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,鱼礁区与对照区的渔获物可分为秋季组、夏季组和冬春季组;不同季节的渔获物群落组成差异显著(R=0.867 4,P=0.001),鱼礁区与对照区的渔获物群落组成差异不显著(R=0.137,P=0.067)。典范对应分析表明,水温、pH、盐度、叶绿素a和PO4-P是影响威海小石岛人工鱼礁区群落结构的主要环境因子。综合分析认为,人工鱼礁区渔获量较高,生态稳定性较好。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(3)
基于2012—2013年对威海小石岛、威海俚岛、日照前三岛鱼礁区的渔获物调查结果,采用各物种的VPUE(The value per unit effort),确定了3处人工鱼礁区和对照区的主要经济物种并对其进行对比分析,检验了3处人工鱼礁区是否可以提高当地渔业收益;采用非度量多维标度分析方法(MDS)分析了3处鱼礁区和对照区的VPUE结构并进行了差异性分析。研究表明,在3处鱼礁区之间以及鱼礁区和对照区之间的主要经济物种的种类和价值贡献率都具有明显的差异;3处鱼礁区的VPUE结构在鱼礁区之间具有明显的差异(R=0.414,P=0.003),在季节之间不具有明显的差异(R=-0.052,P=0.6370.05);3处人工鱼礁区都能提高当地渔业收益;3处鱼礁区的VPUE相对于对照区平均增加了160.8%,俚岛、前三岛和小石岛人工鱼礁区的VPUE分别增加了312.7%、98.3%和71.3%。 相似文献
3.
天津近岸海域人工鱼礁区渔业资源增殖效果初步评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2013年7月、9月于天津海域活牡蛎礁区人工鱼礁区和对照区2个航次的渔获物调查数据,采用群落物种多样性指数分析了鱼礁区和对照区渔获物群落组成和物种多样性的时空分布特征。2航次鱼礁区和对照区渔获种类数和渔获量差异均不显著(P0.05),2航次鱼礁区的月平均CPUE都显著高于对照区(P0.05)。群落组成特征值上,7月航次多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)显著高于对照区(P0.05)。海域动物群落的健康状况指标(Exergy值)鱼礁区显著高于对照区(P0.05)。聚类分析表明,7月和9月航次样方相似性均是鱼礁区站位和对照区站位分区明显。以上结果表明鱼礁投放后,礁区群落结构明显改善,通过鱼礁区及对照区总生产价值的估算得出鱼礁区的总生产效益是对照区的1.5倍。人工鱼礁建设取得了明显的生态效益和经济效益。 相似文献
4.
山东俚岛人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼生长、死亡及资源评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)生长、死亡和资源利用,本文根据2012—2015年山东俚岛人工鱼礁区与对照区的地笼与三重刺网调查资料,运用ELEFAN I基于体长频率时间序列分析法、变换体长渔获曲线法、单位补充量等渔获量曲线法和生物学参考点等对其群体结构、生长、死亡、资源现状和资源管理进行初步研究,再运用蒙特卡洛模拟法将不确定性分析引入资源评估。研究表明鱼礁区大泷六线鱼平均体长、平均体重、渐近体长和渐进体重均大于对照区,自然死亡系数小于对照区,即鱼礁区大泷六线鱼个体较大、人工鱼礁对大泷六线鱼确有保护作用。本文首次将生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax及其不确定性分析应用于人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼资源评估,结果表明3种不确定性水平下F0.1判断结果与无不确定性结果一致(F0.1Fcur),而Fmax随着不确定性水平的增加,可能反转无不确定性的结果(FmaxFcur),即存在误判的风险,故F0.1更适合礁区大泷六线鱼资源评估。结合Gulland理论、生物学参考点和单位补充量渔获量等判断,鱼礁区大泷六线鱼资源处于过度开发状态,应适当降低捕捞强度以保证其持续发展,对照区其资源处于合理开发状态,仍可通过提高捕捞强度来实现资源更为合理地利用。 相似文献
5.
2013—2015年在山东小石岛和俚岛人工鱼礁区用刺网和地笼进行了6次渔业资源调查,并利用丰度和丰富度2个指标比较分析了2种网具的渔获物组成。研究表明,2个鱼礁区共捕获65种生物,其中,地笼和刺网分别捕获52种和48种,2种网具捕获的生物种类相似性均较高,索伦森指数S分别为0.66和0.58;相似性分析检验(ANOSIM)和t检验结果均表明,地笼捕获的生物种类与生物数量均高于刺网,但无显著差异;基于距离的置换多元方差分析(PER-MANOVA)得到鱼礁区生物资源丰度与地理位置以及年份显著相关,而与网具类型和季节无显著关系;累积种类数量图表明地笼相较刺网可以捕获更多生物种类;大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)的体长分布曲线表明,地笼捕获样品的体长范围大于刺网,但刺网捕获样品的规格显著大于地笼。综合分析认为,地笼和刺网2种调查网具的混合采样,可弥补单一调查网具的不足,以更加全面了解人工鱼礁区的生物群落结构。 相似文献
6.
南澳岛东北水域人工鱼礁区的鱼类和渔获效益 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1982—1984年,于广东南澳岛东北部北角山近岸海域投放两批框架型人工鱼礁300个,礁体总量854.1空m~3,投礁面积13.1×10~4m~2。投礁后至1986年底,该区鱼类从14种增至58种。在渔场作业比率、渔获率以及渔获物组成的广度和经济鱼类的渔获比率等方面,鱼礁区均优于邻近的天然礁区。 相似文献
7.
人工鱼礁对山东莱州朱旺港海区游泳动物的群落结构及季节变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为查明朱旺港人工礁区游泳动物的群落结构特征及其季节变化,于2010年5～11月和2011年3月对该海域人工礁区和自然对照区进行逐月调查.结果表明,人工礁区游泳动物种类比对照区丰富(1.42倍);并且人工礁区的Margalef种类丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均高于对照区.人工礁区的CPUE也明显高于对照区,人工礁区的Al区(建于2008年)和A2区(建于2009年)分别是自然对照区CA区的1.43和1.55倍,其中经济种类日本蟳的CPUE分别达到2.69和2.97倍.初步体现人工鱼礁投放后的集鱼效果,且礁区游泳动物的群落结构有明显改善. 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
实验室条件下,研究了正方体人工礁7个不同引入数量比例(0~60%)和人工礁摆放布局(每个数量比例设置10个布局)对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)聚集率的影响,确定了单位面积正方体人工礁的适宜投放数量和礁体摆放布局,得出单位鱼礁的适宜布设方案。在此基础上,探讨了大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和许氏平鲉的种类、密度和鱼体规格对聚集率的影响。研究显示,单体礁引入数量比例50%时,数量比例与许氏平鲉聚集率呈显著正相关线性关系,且摆放布局对许氏平鲉的聚集率有显著影响;单体礁引入数量比例为50%时,许氏平鲉的聚集率达到最大值(76%),显著高于0~40%处理组(P0.05),且当单体礁引入数量比例达到50%和60%时,礁体摆放布局对许氏平鲉聚集率的影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。在适宜布设方案条件下,种类和密度对试验鱼聚集率的影响均达到显著性水平(P0.05);鱼体规格对大泷六线鱼的聚集率无显著影响,对许氏平鲉的聚集率影响显著。结果表明,正方体人工礁单位鱼礁的适宜单体礁引入数量比例为50%,在该数量比例时,单体礁摆放布局对恋礁性鱼类的聚集效果无显著影响。 相似文献
9.
日照前三岛人工鱼礁对渔业资源影响的初步评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(8)
为了解日照前三岛海域人工鱼礁的投放对其附近海域渔业资源的影响,于2012年9月—2013年8月利用三重定置刺网对日照前三岛人工鱼礁投放海域及其临近海域开展了4个季度的渔业资源调查。根据调查结果分析比较了人工鱼礁区与对照区的渔业物种、优势种的组成;采用Margalef物种丰富度指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′和Pielou均匀度指数J′对比了人工鱼礁区与对照区的生物群落多样性;采用刺网单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)比较了人工鱼礁区与对照区的渔业资源密度。结果表明,鱼礁区的渔业资源总种数是对照区的1.71倍,人工鱼礁区鱼类种数是对照区的2.38倍,虾类、蟹类、棘皮类、头足类鱼礁区都比对照区多;人工鱼礁区不论是渔业物种数量还是丰富度指数、多样性指数都要好于对照区,并且人工鱼礁区优势种更稳定,CPUE高于对照区,资源密度更大。说明日照前三岛人工鱼礁的投放对所在海域聚集海洋生物、改善生物群落结构及增加生物多样性有显著作用,尤其对鱼类的诱集和养护更为明显。本文的研究结果可为人工鱼礁建设和效果评估提供理论支撑。 相似文献
10.
荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统健康的评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据人工鱼礁区生态环境效应、生物群落效应和生态系统功能效应特征,构建北方资源增殖型人工鱼礁区生态系统评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,通过综合指数法构建生态系统健康评价模型,分析人工鱼礁区生态系统的健康状况。基于2010—2011年荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区和对照区每月生态环境的调查数据,运用构建的生态系统健康评价模型对荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统的健康状况进行评价。结果显示:人工鱼礁区与对照区的年平均生态系统的健康综合指数分别为0.647和0.614,二者不存在明显差异,均为健康状况良好的生态系统。综合分析认为,荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生物群落仍处于发展阶段,需对该礁区进行长期连续的调查监测,以进一步了解人工鱼礁的投放对海洋生态系统和渔业资源增殖的影响。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
20.