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1.
犬齿牙鲆胚胎及仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
犬齿牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)卵为端黄卵,受精卵浮性,卵径950~1100μm,油球径200~225μm.在水温20.5~22.0℃,盐度33条件下培育,受精后1 h 20 min 进入卵裂期,6 h 10 min 进入囊胚期,11 h 20 min 进入原肠胚期,19 h 10 min 发育到胚孔封闭期,胚体形成,26 h 50 min 尾芽出现,33 h 35 min心跳开始,48 h 10 min 开始孵化出仔鱼.初孵仔鱼平均全长2.59 mm±0.02 mm,在培育水温为17.0~21.0℃,盐度24~34条件下,胚后发育时序为:1日龄~9日龄为仔鱼前期,10日龄平均全长5.52 mm±0.05 mm,卵黄囊和油球完全吸收进入仔鱼后期;40日龄平均全长20.82 mm±0.67 mm,各鳍鳍条发育形成进入稚鱼期;65日龄平均全长41.13 mm±0.88 mm,全身鳞被完整进入幼鱼早期 相似文献
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砗蚝(Hippopus hippopus)的人工繁育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2016年4—9月开展了砗蚝(Hippopus hippopus)人工繁育技术研究。采用五羟色胺进行催产、促使配子排放;精卵分别收集,进行异体间受精以避免自交;受精卵经过30h孵化,选出600万D形幼虫进行培育。砗蚝的早期生活史与砗磲(Tridacna spp.)相似,经历前期面盘幼虫、中期面盘幼虫、后期面盘幼虫、足面盘幼虫、单水管稚贝、双水管稚贝、外套膜触手稚贝、幼贝等阶段。与砗磲不同的是,砗蚝怀卵量较少,但卵径较大,D型幼虫也较大,幼虫趋光性更强,壳长2.0mm以后外套膜不伸出壳缘外,幼贝贝壳形态也不同于砗磲。同砗磲幼虫一样,砗蚝幼虫需要构建虫黄藻系统之后,才能出现鳃、次生壳等,从而完成变态成为稚贝。砗蚝幼虫变态率较低,仅为1.4%。中间育成期间,丝状藻和锥形螺是稚贝培育的主要敌害,需及时清理才能确保稚幼贝正常生长发育。经过120d的精心饲育,培养出平均壳长6.3mm幼贝500余个。本研究为进一步开展砗蚝人工繁育、中间育成、增殖放流、资源修复及移植保育提供了参考。 相似文献
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虎斑乌贼( Sepia pharaonis )胚胎发育及孵化历期观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采捕虎斑乌贼野生卵群进行室内培育,采用显微成像系统,观察其胚胎发育过程,并详细描述各发育期的特征。结果显示:虎斑乌贼卵长径(30.7±2.4)mm,短径(13.4±1.3)mm,胚胎发育过程共分为卵裂、囊胚期、原肠期、器官芽原基出现、眼色由无色到黑色等30期,探讨了主要器官(眼、漏斗等)的发生变化过程。在胚体生长期间,胚体长度随时间逐渐增加,而卵黄大小则随之减小。从7—20d,胚体长度由2.5mm增至11.3mm,而卵黄直径由8.9mm减至4.5mm,胚体与卵黄长度比例由0.28增至2.51。在水温(23±0.5)℃,盐度28,pH7.41条件下,孵化高峰期为20—24d,孵化率为85.3%,初孵乌贼幼体平均体长(13.5±0.3)mm,平均胴体长(8.6±0.3)mm,平均体重(0.18±0.02)g。 相似文献
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Moriyuki Kotori 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(4):139-144
Spawned eggs and newly-hatched larvae ofSagitta elegans were obtained by rearing the species in the laboratory.The eggs immediately after spawning are spherical, about 0.3 mm in diameter, and mostly in such an advanced state that an embryo in the egg can be easily seen through the membrane. The embryo is found enclosed within the egg, with the tail overlapping the head.The body length (from the tip of the head to the base of the tail) of larvae, newly-hatched to 2-days old, ranged from 1.23 to 1.42 mm long in 6 individuals. The larva is provided with a pair of posterior fins, but not yet furnished with the anterior fin: the existence of eye pigments cannot be confirmed for the thick collarette extending nearly all over the body; no hooks are developed yet; the median vertical septum is found already in the posterior portion of the body, though the tail septum is not yet formed.Through the rearing of larvae for 12 days, it was found that seven-day old larvae, 1.47–1.65 mm in length, were mostly provided with the tail septum, but with neither hooks nor eyes, while eight to eleven-day old larvae, 1.69–2.20 mm in length, were furnished with eight hooks on each side, but still without eyes observable on the dorsal surface of the head. These features indicate that the early morphological development of the species is similar to that ofSagitta crassa.Needless to say, but the tail-segment defined in these larvae is incomparably longer than in adults, as seen generally throughout the Chaetognatha.Based on a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Fisheries Science at Hokkaido University in 1973. 相似文献
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方斑东风螺样品采自福建省南部诏安海域.其卵囊无色透明,叶片状,每个卵囊内有受精卵500～1 600个,卵径为280～308μm.方斑东风螺胚胎发育在卵囊内进行,第一次和第二次卵裂分别为经裂,分裂中有极叶出现.随后其卵裂以螺旋式不等裂方式进行,在胚胎的动物极形成帽状胚盘.其囊胚期胚体开始缓慢转动.在水温为29.0～29.5℃的条件下,产卵后60～63 h其成为早期面盘幼虫.此期以面盘、足、壳的出现为标志.中期面盘幼虫阶段包括囊内的面盘幼虫至出囊后且卵黄尚未消失的浮游幼虫初期阶段.出囊后的幼虫浮游1～2 d后,卵黄囊完全消失成为后期面盘幼虫,心脏搏动频率加快,足变大并伸长.在水温为27.5～28.5℃的条件下,经10～12 d的浮游,后期面盘幼虫转为底栖生活,随后面盘退化、萎缩并完成变态,营爬行生活,贝壳上出现棕褐色斑纹,成为稚螺. 相似文献
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采用干法授精方法获得受精卵,在人工培育条件下观察了光唇鱼胚胎及仔、稚鱼发育过程。结果表明,光唇鱼受精卵呈圆球形,沉性、弱粘性。在水温23—25℃下,胚胎发育历时46h45min,经历了胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等阶段。在水温24—27℃下,仔、稚鱼发育历时22d,初孵仔鱼具有较大的卵黄囊,胸鳍原基及肛门原基形成;4日龄仔鱼开口摄食,进入混合营养期;7日龄仔鱼卵黄囊消失,营外源性营养,体侧8条横斑形成,各鳍均已出现,进入晚期仔鱼阶段;14日龄仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育基本完成;16日龄仔鱼鳞片开始出现,进入稚鱼期;22日龄稚鱼全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。 相似文献
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为了深入研究鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus) (♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E. tukula) (♂)杂交F1代的变态发育及生长特征，本研究对杂交组和纯种鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育时间、受精率、畸形率、孵化率和仔稚幼鱼生长性状(全长、体长、体高、肛前距），以及杂交组卵黄囊和油球吸收过程，第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘生长和收缩，口径和眼裂的变化等进行了详细的观察描述和统计分析。结果显示，在水温28℃条件下，杂交组和鞍带石斑鱼受精卵分别经21 h 24 min和21 h 32 min完成胚胎发育；杂交F1代受精率、畸形率和孵化率分别是89.09%±0.08%、35.16%±5.05%和62.59%±10.70%，与纯种鞍带石斑鱼无显著性差异。根据卵黄囊、第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘、鳞片、体色等形态变化，将其胚后变态发育分为前期仔鱼(孵化后0～6 d)、后期仔鱼(孵化后7～34 d)、稚鱼期(孵化后35～46 d)和幼鱼期(孵化后47～86 d)，前期仔鱼生长较缓慢，后期仔鱼到幼鱼期生长逐渐加快，86 d时杂交组和对照组体长分别达(60.80±0.50) mm和(51.80±0.47) mm，杂交组生长速度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在胚胎发育时期卵黄囊消耗量为29.45%，油球消耗量为20.75%，卵黄囊在孵化后1 d消耗最快，达58.70%。油球在孵化后3 d消耗最快，达32.08%，孵化后第5 d仔鱼卵黄囊和油球基本吸收完毕。第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘在孵化后29 d达到最长，分别是(8.15±0.02) mm和(5.80±0.10) mm，至47 d完全退化，变态发育完成。第一天仔鱼眼径为(0.16±0.01) mm，至86 d眼径增大22倍，第四天口裂长为（0.09±0.02） mm，至86 d增大99倍。结果表明，鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代胚胎和仔稚幼鱼发育正常，而且杂交F1代与母本相比具有较显著的生长优势，本研究为两种石斑鱼杂交苗种培育、发育研究和品种改良提供了丰富的数据。 相似文献
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Correction factors based on the catch ratios of egg and larval densities in the southern waters of Korea were estimated for
anchovyEngraulis japonica. This was undertaken in order to adjust ichthyoplankton data from different sampling methods, gear types and time. Samples
were collected during ichthyoplankton surveys in Korean waters from 1983 to 1994. The ratios for egg densities obtained in
vertical tows with a NORPAC net (ring Φ, 45 cm) compared to those obtained in oblique tows with a KOB net (ring Φ, 80 cm)
were 0.86 (CV = 0.65), 1.22 (CV = 0.36), and 0.93 (CV = 0.42) for early, middle, and later developmental stages, respectively.
The ratios for larval densities for vertical and oblique tows varied depending on size. For yolk-sac and small larvae (< 4
mm), the ratios were 3.08 (CV = 0.45) and 1.98 (CV = 1.34), while those of 4-6 mm, 6-8 mm, and 8-10 mm larvae were 0.44 (CV
= 1.31), 0.45 (CV = 1.70), and 0.56 (CV = 2.50), respectively. Ratios of day/night densities for larvae of 4-10 mm lengths
were lower (0.01-0.06) in offshore catches than values obtained in coastal areas (0.44-0.46) and similar values (0.16-0.04)
for vertical and oblique tows. Our results indicated that vertical towing is more efficient for sampling early life stages
(from eggs to larvae less than 4 mm long), while oblique towing is more efficient for larvae longer than 4 mm due to depth
preferences for each developmental stage (e.g., changes in egg buoyancy and vertical migration of larvae). 相似文献
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采用光滑河蓝蛤和菲律宾蛤仔两种双壳贝类培养长蛸幼体,分析其生长和存活情况。结果显示,长蛸初孵幼体无外卵黄,体表光滑,第一对腕(最长腕)约为胴长的2.9倍,腕吸盘两列,第1—4对腕平均吸盘数(n=3)分别为66±4.60、55±3.76、43±4.59和41±3.82;1—15d幼体投喂的是光滑河蓝蛤(壳长15.4—20.3mm),之后投喂菲律宾蛤仔(壳长33.2—39.3mm);幼体30d—70d总成活率由80.99%降至54.65%;整个培育过程中,幼体生长率与饵料效率呈极显著线性回归关系(P0.01),y=1.452x-2.731(R2=0.865);1—80d胴长/全长比增幅高于腕长/全长,表明胴体增长快于腕的增长;各腕吸盘数变化不显著;幼体鲜重与培养天数呈指数函数关系,Wt=0.301e0.010t(R2=0.854,P0.01);长蛸幼体最终生长率为122.05%,平均生长率为9.97%/10d。 相似文献
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本研究以经2代家系选育的速生长系施氏獭蛤(Lutrariasieboldii)为亲本,通过巢式平衡设计构建了30个全同胞家系,以未经选育个体的同期子代作为对照,分析各家系及对照组不同阶段生长和存活差异。实验结果显示, 3月、9月和15月龄的施氏獭蛤全同胞家系生长性状均高于对照组(P0.05), 3月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高1.33%～9.33%、0.83%～15.83%和0.74%～25.19%,9月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高1.83%～10.46%、3.95%～12.45%和6.01%～20.60%,15月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高2.45%～25.62%、2.62%～15.01%和7.00%～28.73%,15月龄累积壳长、壳高和体质量生长量前3家系均值分别比家系平均提高9.38%、5.07%、9.34%;幼体期(1 d～30 d)、培育期(30 d～90 d)和养成期(90 d～450 d)各家系的存活率均值低于对照组5.61%、2.45%、2.08%,累积存活率均值低于对照组9.08%,但存活率排名前三的家系均值要高于对照组22.52%;根据全同胞家系生长和存活数据比较,家系A5、A12、A15于不同时期均表现出稳定优异的生长性状,家系A8、A15、A14于不同阶段均具有稳定的存活性状。以上结果表明,经选育施氏獭蛤家系的生长性状具有明显优势,其中,兼具有高生长和存活性状的家系A15可优先作为良种培育材料。 相似文献
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利用实验生态学方法,研究温度(15、19和23℃)、光照(明和暗)、仔鱼大小[全长(3.01±0.08)mm初孵仔鱼和(3.79±0.13)mm孵化后5天仔鱼]对稚海蜇[伞径(21.1±0.4)mm]捕食褐牙鲆仔鱼的影响。结果表明,稚海蜇对初孵仔鱼的捕食率随着水温升高而显著升高。光照条件在各仔鱼密度(10,30,50和80ind/L)下均不显著影响稚海蜇对初孵仔鱼的捕食率,说明光条件并不显著改善稚海蜇捕食仔鱼的能力。在高仔鱼密度(50和80ind/L)下,稚海蜇对孵化后5天仔鱼的捕食率显著低于对初孵仔鱼的捕食率;但在低密度(10和30ind/L)下,稚海蜇对两个不同发育阶段仔鱼的捕食率之间无显著差异。在低仔鱼密度下,稚海蜇对仔鱼的捕食率较低,这会降低仔鱼个体大小对稚海蜇捕食率作用的显著性。这既表明仔鱼逃避被稚海蜇捕食的能力随其发育生长而提高,也反映了稚海蜇对不同个体大小仔鱼捕食作用受仔鱼密度制约。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):247-251
1999年5～6月对大西洋浪蛤进行人工繁殖试 验。结果表明,大西洋浪蛤一年能达到性成熟,一个繁殖季节产卵一次,卵为球形,卵径为 50～60μm;在23℃左右水温下,受精卵经16～20h发育成D形幼虫,幼虫浮游期为16～20d; 壳长260～290μm时为附着变态阶段。幼虫培育盐度要求在16以上。 相似文献
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黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora Richardson)早期生长发育研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究黄姑鱼胚胎发育特征和胚后发育的仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段的形态学,2010-06-08在实验室利用显微镜和显微镜数码摄像显示系统对黄姑鱼胚胎发育过程进行连续观察拍摄,描述并记录其发育过程和时间。结果表明,黄姑鱼卵为圆球形的端黄卵,盘状分裂,中央有一个油球,卵径为(0.89±0.028)mm,油球直径为0.25mm;在水温为24℃、S为27条件下经22.5h完成孵化,胚胎发育可分为24期。胚后发育阶段,1～3日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼;4日龄仔鱼开口,卵黄囊完全消失,此时仔鱼处于混合营养阶段,进入前弯曲期;6日龄仔鱼油球完全消失,进入外源性营养阶段;16日龄仔鱼尾鳍担鳍骨形成,脊椎末端上曲,进入弯曲期;21日龄仔鱼尾下骨后缘与尾索垂直,鳍条数不断增加,同时背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍原基出现,进入后弯曲期;26日龄鱼苗全身被菊花状黑色素细胞,尾柄处开始被鳞,进入稚鱼期;31日龄以后,鱼苗全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。在水温为25～27℃,S为26～28的条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼全长与日龄具有显著的正相关性。研究表明,黄姑鱼进入稚鱼期之后,其生长速率明显增大,为减少自残,应及时分池和投足饵料。 相似文献
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利用实验生态学方法研究不同个体大小的海蜇浮游幼体[平均伞径(2.5±0.1),(4.1±0.2),(11.7±0.5),(21.1±0.6)mm]对不同密度(10,30,50,80ind/L)的褐牙鲆卵[卵径(0.92±0.01)mm]和初孵仔鱼[全长(3.01±0.08)mm]的捕食率,解析海蜇浮游幼体对初孵仔鱼的捕食率随捕食时间(0.5,1,2,3,4,5h)的变化特征。结果表明,各个体组海蜇浮游幼体对卵的捕食率均显著低于对仔鱼的捕食率;它们对卵的捕食率与卵密度和海蜇个体大小的关系不显著,但对仔鱼的捕食率随海蜇个体大小及仔鱼密度的增大而显著升高;伞径21.1mm的个体对仔鱼的捕食率在开始捕食后1h时达到最大值[17.3ind/(predator.h)],此后随捕食时间的延长而逐渐下降。在自然水域中,如果二者发生时空上的匹配关系,海蜇浮游幼体对仔鱼的捕食可能影响褐牙鲆的早期存活及其资源补充量的变动。 相似文献
17.
渤海湾半滑舌鳎及焦氏舌鳎的鱼卵和仔稚鱼的形态 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
半滑舌鳎Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther和焦氏舌鳎C.joyneri Günther 均隶属于舌鳎科Cyonglossidae的舌鳎属Cynoglossus,系广泛分布在我国近海的底层鱼类。它们具有一定的经济价值。其中半滑舌鳎是该属中个体较大的种类,最大体长可达800毫米以上。素有名贵鱼类之称。惟产量不高。该类鱼多栖息在海湾水域,洄游距离短,活动范围小,是适合增养殖的对象之一。 关于这两种舌鳎的早期形态资料迄今尚未 相似文献
18.
Early life stages from a marine fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus, were exposed to sublethal doses of 3,3',4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) to evaluate its effects on ecologically relevant responses: growth and behavior. A few hours after fertilisation, eggs were treated topically with PCB126 (2.5-50 pg egg?1). Four days post-hatching (dph), morphological changes (body length and malformations), spontaneous locomotor activity (active swimming speed, rate of travel, % inactivity), prey capture ability (Artemia franciscana nauplii) and whole body EROD activity were evaluated in larvae. Untreated larvae collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 dph were also examined. PCB126 did not increase the mortality or malformation rates. Body length and spontaneous locomotor activity were altered only in larvae treated with the highest dose. Treatment with PCB126 caused a dose-responsive reduction in prey capture ability (rate of decline in the number of Artemia) and induction of EROD activity. The lowest observed effective dose for both of these responses was 5.0 pg PCB126 egg?1 or 5.0 TCDD-toxic equivalents pg g?1 egg, using a TCDD-toxic equivalent factor of 0.005 and an egg mass of 5 mg. Prey capture efficiency (number of Artemia captured per feeding strike) was reduced at ≥ 10.0 pg egg?1. In untreated developing larvae, prey capture ability and efficiency increased as post-hatching development progressed and EROD activity remained low. The pattern of behavioral responses observed in PCB126-exposed Fundulus larvae differed from that observed in less-developed larvae indicating that other mechanisms than retarded development were involved. Behavioral dysfunction was a more sensitive response to PCB126 than morphological alterations and it occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. 相似文献
19.
Grass shrimp embryos develop in egg sacs (stages 1-10) attached to the female for 14-20 days after which they 'hatch' from the egg sacs into a swimming zoea stage (stage 11). Until they emerge from the egg sacs, embryos depend on lipids and lipovitellin stored within the egg. The percent of embryos which hatch after exposure to toxicants relative to controls was the basis of an embryo development assay. Exposure of embryos to chromium(III) chloride, sodium chromate, mercuric chloride, and 2-methyl-1,2-naphthoquinone (MNQ) resulted in a reduced hatching rate. In addition to effects on embryo development, DNA strand damage tests were carried out on contaminant-exposed embryos, using the single-cell electrophoresis method often referred to as comet assay. Development of stage 4 embryos was more affected by MNQ exposure than stage 7 embryos. The hatching rates of stages 4 and 7 embryos exposed to MNQ (172 micrograms/l) were 0 and 90%, respectively. DNA strand damage, measured as DNA tail moments, were 3.4 and 4.4, respectively. Thus, exposure of an early embryo stage to MNQ prevented full embryo development while development of later embryo stages was not affected. It may be that the DNA repair systems are more efficient in later embryo stages than in early stages and thus DNA damaged in the early stages affects development. 相似文献
20.
本文在实验培养条件下,对中华鸟塘鳢仔稚鱼的食性进行了初步的研究6文中采用线性指标:Li=ri—Pi分析仔稚鱼对轮虫、卤虫和桡足类这3种饵料的选择性。结果表明,在东同的发育阶段对不同的饵料有明显的选择性。本文同时对仔稚鱼的开口时间、日摄食量、消化吸收率、口器效应等作了初步的研究。 相似文献