共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
东北地区作物生长季降水异常特征分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
采用东北地区52个测站1951-2000年4-9月降水量资料,对东北地区作物生长季降水异常进行了诊断分析。结果表明：东北地区生长季降水存在减少趋势,旱灾略多于涝灾,主要存在3-7、12和30a左右的周期变化;可划分为7个降水异常区,其中相邻的3个区（东北中部、南部和东部的大范围地区）有变旱倾向,辽西地区的旱涝灾害最频繁。根据降水减少的趋势,提倡发展旱作农业和节水农业。 相似文献
2.
东北夏季降水的气候及异常特征分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
采用统计分析的方法对近50 a东北夏季降水的气候及异常特征进行了分析。结果表明:东北夏季降水空间分布很不均匀,除三江平原地区外东北大部7月降水最多;夏季全区出现较重干旱的概率大于较重雨涝,旱灾更为突出,其中辽西是较重旱涝频发的地区;近50 a夏季降水没有明显变干或变湿的倾向,而是具有阶段性旱涝交替特征,存在27、11 a左右的年代际尺度周期和3~6 a左右的年际尺度周期变化;6月旱灾几率大,易形成6~7月的连续干旱,7月易形成区域性特大涝灾,6月和8月在年代际尺度上具有反位相变化的特征。 相似文献
3.
孔锋 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(2):161-175
Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using a Weibull Distribution Theory. The results indicated the following: (1) The results of this study’s comparison between the two scenarios had shown that climate engineering had not fundamentally changed the spatial features of the high and low differentiations for the extreme high-temperature intensities with the different recurrence periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme high-temperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region; (2) This study’s comparison results of the two scenarios had indicated that the climate engineering processes during the two study periods could potentially help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China. Furthermore, the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation; (3) This study’s results of the comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggested that there would be no strong rebounding of the extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs, and the mitigation effects on the extreme high-temperature intensities during the implementation of the climate engineering programs would be significantly higher than after the implementation of the programs; (4) When comparisons were made of the changes of the average temperatures in China before and after the implementation of climate engineering programs, the results had shown that the average temperature in China had been reduced by at least 1.25℃ as a result of climate engineering, which would effectively alleviate the global warming trend, and could also be conducive to the realization of a temperature control target of 1.5℃ in accordance with the Paris Agreement. 相似文献
4.
应用西藏1952~1995年温度序列资料, 对其基本气候特征、年代变化、气候突变、振荡周期、异常冷暖、变化趋势等进行了分析.结果表明:年与各季气温大都具有3个暖期和2个冷期, 60年代是最冷的10年, 以秋季降温最明显, 80年代中后期至90年代气温偏高. 22年、11年、3~4年是年与各季气温较为显著的周期.气候突变出现在60年代初和80年代初. 60年代、70年代多异常偏冷年, 80年代多异常偏暖年, 多发生在夏季和冬季, 90年代, 大多数年份发生气温异常. 40年来, 西藏年平均气温以0.065 ℃/10a的倾向率上升, 近10年春秋季增温率最大. 相似文献
5.
Feng Chen Yu-jiang Yuan Wen-shou Wei Shu-long Yu Tong-wen Zhang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):141-151
Until recently, there have been very few tree-ring studies in southeast China due largely to the scarcity of old trees and the complexity of relationships between tree growth and climate in subtropical regions of China. Recent studies on the conifers in southeast China revealed that tree ring-based climate reconstructions are feasible. Here, we describe a reconstruction (AD 1850–2009) of November–February maximum temperatures for Changting, Fujian, southeast China based on tree ring width data of Pinus massiniana which considerably extends the available climatic information. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1956–2009 show a high level of skill and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (32.9%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1956–2009). Warm periods occurred during 1854–1859, 1868–1880, 1885–1899, 1906–1914, 1920–1943, 1964–1975 and 1994–present; while the periods of AD 1850–1853, 1860–1867, 1881–1884, 1900–1907, 1915–1919, 1944–1963 and 1976–1993 were relatively cold. The climate correlation analyses with gridded temperature dataset and SST revealed that our season temperature reconstruction contains the strong large-scale climate signals. Our results suggest that some warm winters of Changting are coincident with El Ni?o events over the past 150?years. In addition, several severely cold winters coincide with major volcanic eruptions. 相似文献
6.
海南异常高温的气候特征及其海气背景 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分析1961～2001年海南5～7月异常高温频数的气候特征及其影响因子南海海温和北半球500hPa高度场特征,结果表明,5、6月异常高温频数分别存在3馏年和5年左右的显著周期;南海中部海域是影响同期异常高温频数的关键区域;异常高温频数偏多年,欧亚地区500hPa环流特征是中高纬度有阻塞高压存在,西风槽南压,西太平洋副热带高压位置长期偏南、偏西。 相似文献
7.
Recent Progress in Studies of Climate Change in China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
REN Guoyu DING Yihui ZHAO Zongci ZHENG Jingyun WU Tongwen TANG Guoli XU Ying 《大气科学进展》2012,29(5):958-977
An overview of basic research on climate change in recent years in China is presented. In the past 100 years in China, average annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) has increased at a rate ranging from 0.03℃ (10 yr)-1 to 0.12℃ (10 yr)-1 . This warming is more evident in northern China and is more significant in winter and spring. In the past 50 years in China, at least 27% of the average annual warming has been caused by urbanization. Overall, no significant trends have been detected in annual and/or summer precipitation in China on a whole for the past 100 years or 50 years. Both increases and decreases in frequencies of major extreme climate events have been observed for the past 50 years. The frequencies of extreme temperature events have generally displayed a consistent pattern of change across the country, while the frequencies of extreme precipitation events have shown only regionally and seasonally significant trends. The frequency of tropical cyclone landfall decreased slightly, but the frequency of sand/dust storms decreased significantly. Proxy records indicate that the annual mean SAT in the past a few decades is the highest in the past 400-500 years in China, but it may not have exceeded the highest level of the Medieval Warm Period (1000-1300 AD). Proxy records also indicate that droughts and floods in eastern China have been characterized by continuously abnormal rainfall periods, with the frequencies of extreme droughts and floods in the 20th century most likely being near the average levels of the past 2000 years. The attribution studies suggest that increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere are likely to be a main factor for the observed surface warming nationwide. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins underwent a cooling trend in summer over the past 50 years, which might have been caused by increased aerosol concentrations and cloud cover. However, natural climate variability might have been a main driver for the mean and extreme precipitation variations observed over the past century. Climate models generally perform well in simulating the variations of annual mean SAT in China. They have also been used to project future changes in SAT under varied GHG emission scenarios. Large uncertainties have remained in these model-based projections, however, especially for the projected trends of regional precipitation and extreme climate events. 相似文献
8.
西北地区东部旱涝气候特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用中国气象科学研究院收集、整理的西北地区东部代表站1470~2003年的旱涝等级资料,根据不同的地形地貌特征和气候特征,将西北地区东部分为3个气候区,利用周期分析、coif3小波变换等统计分析方法对3个气候区534年旱涝指数的年代际气候特征及地域之间旱涝变化的差异进行分析。结果表明,西北地区东部不同区域旱涝的时空分布特征不尽相同,旱涝演变趋势、旱涝周期变化既有一致性,也存在明显的差异。534年以来北部、中部由偏旱趋于正常或偏涝,南部1724年以前的变化趋势由偏旱趋于偏涝,1724年以后由偏涝趋于偏旱;3个气候区都存在25年和10年的显著周期,其中中部还存在14~15年的显著周期,说明中部旱涝交替较北部和南部明显。 相似文献
9.
北半球冬季欧亚遥相关型的变化特征及其对我国气候的影响? 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站地表面气温和降水的观测资料, 首先采用旋转经验正交函数 (REOF) 方法定义了冬季欧亚遥相关型 (EU), 并计算了冬季的欧亚遥相关型指数 (EU指数), 在此基础上分析了欧亚遥相关型的时间和空间变化特征, 并进一步研究了与欧亚遥相关型异常相联系的东亚冬季风系统变化以及我国冬季气温和降水的异常。针对欧亚遥相关型的分析结果表明, 在欧亚大陆上空, 大气内部存在与EU相联系的波列从北大西洋传播到乌拉尔山以东的欧亚大陆地区。在时间变化上, 冬季EU以为年际变率为主, 年代际变化的分量不明显, 其显著周期表现为2～4年。当冬季EU处于正位相时, 与之相关联的东亚大气环流异常表现为: 东亚地区高空的急流增强、 东亚大槽加深, 导致东亚冬季风偏强, 东亚地区温度偏低, 从而使得我国东部降温、 降水减少; 反之, 当冬季EU处于负位相时, 我国东部增温、 降水增加。 相似文献
10.
利用中国气象局160站的逐月降水资料,NCAR/NCEP再分析资料以及美国CPC提供的Ni?o3. 4区指数,对比分析了SP、SU两类El Ni?o事件发展年、衰减年中国夏季降水和东亚环流特征的差异。结果表明:1) SP型El Ni?o事件发展年全国以少雨为主要特征,衰减年降水呈"北多南少"分布; SU型发展年,降水异常呈"三明治"型分布特征,衰减年降水偏多区域增大。2) 850 h Pa风场上,SP型El Ni?o事件发展年夏季风偏强,但反气旋性风场异常位置偏东偏北,衰减年夏季风还保持强劲,且反气旋性风场异常偏西偏南;而SU型发展年东亚夏季风偏弱,衰减年夏季风偏强。3) 500 hPa高度场上,SP型事件发展年夏季,我国受东亚夏季风影响总体偏弱,来自低纬地区的暖湿水汽向我国大陆输送不足;衰减年,受偏强东亚夏季风影响,来自低纬地区的暖湿水汽向我国腹地输送。SU型发展年,受相对活跃的冷空气影响,内蒙到华北地区多雨;衰减年,受偏强夏季风影响,冷暖气流在我国黄河及以北地区交汇。4)比较两类El Ni?o事件发生时对流层低层和高层特征表明:在SP型事件发展年,我国大陆上空,除内蒙和东北外,基本为下沉异常,衰减年基本为上升异常;在SU型发展年,我国大陆上空皆为显著的下沉异常,衰减年为弱下沉异常,但在偏强夏季风的作用下,降水偏多区域增大了。 相似文献
11.
针对东北气候变化影响研究中对增温正效应关注较多, 而对水热匹配等综合影响研究不够的情况, 利用东北地区1961~2000年56个气象站的气象资料, 对近20年东北气候变暖的特点, 温度升高的同时大气干湿程度及水热匹配状况的变化等相关现象进行了较详细的分析。提出东北气候变暖主要表现于冬季, 20世纪90年代变暖明显, 南部大于北部; 夏季增温幅度有限, 不很稳定, 仍时有温度偏低发生, 并同时出现高温日数增多等极端异常气候事件; 最低温度升高幅度大于最高温度的升高幅度, 导致温度日较差变小, 冬季更加明显; 大气水分盈亏状况和水热状况在10年时间尺度上没有明显的变化, 但20世纪90年代中后期出现暖干化趋势, 并由春季转至夏季, 西部和南部比较明显, 对农作物不利等结论。为克服盲目性, 客观评估东北气候变化及其影响, 正确进行农业布局和种植结构调整提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
12.
The wavelets and hierarchies of the climate system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Wavelet analysis of global mean temperature data, the drought-flood data of the past 500 years in China, and the temperature time series of Shanghai, highlights the following: (1) the climatic wavelets depend on the hierarchies of a climate system; (2) for different time scales or hierarchies, a climate system may have different catastrophic points and periods; (3) for different time scales or hierarchies, variation of the Southern Hemisphere temperature has an obvious phase-lag compared with that of the Northern Hemisphere and the catastrophe points also lag behind; (4) in a cold-warm period, the cold semi-period of the Northern Hemisphere is obviously longer than the warm one; (5) for different hierarchies or time scales, there exists a phase-lag for the droughtflood variation in China moving gradually with latitude from north to south. Finally, a new technique of climate diagnosis, the phase curve of wavelets, is put forward in this paper.With 6 FiguresSupported by Chinese NKPFR. 相似文献
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14.
我国西北地区气候变化与北极涛动的交叉小波分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用交叉小波方法分析了近56 a来我国西北地区气候变化与北极涛动指数（AOI）、欧亚纬向环流指数之间的联系,讨论了西北地区冬季气温和夏季降水变化与同期AOI之间的多时间尺度相关。结果表明,AOI、西北地区降水和气温变化都存在着不同尺度的周期振荡,西北地区降水与AOI之间存在准3 a尺度的显著共振周期,而AOI与西北地区气温变化的多时间尺度相关表现为准2a、3-5 a和8-11 a左右的显著相关振荡且以8-11 a共振周期的凝聚性最强;AO对西北地区气温变化的影响比对降水的影响更显著,与其年代际尺度的相互作用有关。当冬季北极涛动处于正相位时,欧亚纬向环流偏强,西北地区冬季气温偏高。夏季西北地区降水变化与前期北极涛动指数异常密切相关,这对于西北地区夏季降水变化预测具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
15.
Spatial Patterns of Precipitation Anomalies for 30-yr Warm Periods in China During the Past 2000 Years 
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下载免费PDF全文 The spatial patterns of precipitation anomalies during five 30-yr warm periods of 691-720, 1231-1260, 1741-1770, 1921-1950, and 1981-2000 were investigated using a dryness/wetness grading dataset covering 48 stations from Chinese historical documents and 22 precipitation proxy series from natural archives. It was found that the North China Plain (approximately 35 -40 N, east of 105 E) was dry in four warm periods within the centennial warm epochs of 600-750, the Medieval Warm Period (about 900-1300) and after 1900. A wet condition prevailed over most of China during 1741-1770, a 30-yr warm peak that occurred during the Little Ice Age (about 1650-1850). The spatial pattern of the precipitation anomaly in 1981-2000 over East China (25 -40 N, east of 105 E) is roughly consistent with that in 1231-1260, but a difference in the precipitation anomaly appeared over the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial patterns of the precipitation anomalies over China varied between all five 30-yr warm periods, which implies that the matching pattern between temperature and precipitation change is multiform, and the precipitation anomaly could be positive or negative when a decadal warm climate occurs in different climate epochs. This result may provide a primary reference for the mechanism detection and climate simulation of the precipitation anomaly of the future warm climate. 相似文献
16.
云的形成是产生降雨的必要条件,云和降水之间存在着极为密切而复杂的联系。利用常规站点数据和ISCCP卫星数据等资料分析了夏季中国地区云的多种特征参数的变化与降水变化在时空分布上的联系。站点数据结果表明总云量、低云量与降水的距平在全国范围内表现出显著的正相关关系;在通过0.05水平显著性检验的站点上,云量和降水距平百分率之间的线性关系较明显,总云量每增加1.00%降水增加2.23%,低云量每增加1.00%降水增加0.46%。ISCCP数据结果显示总云云量、光学厚度和云水路径以及高云中的卷层云和深对流云云量与降水距平呈非常好的正相关关系。采用K-means聚类分析方法并参考中国地理气候分布特点,将中国分为9个气候区,以小波相干分析和交叉小波分析对各个气候区夏季云量和降水距平百分率序列在时频域内多尺度特征的关系做了进一步研究。结果显示9个气候区夏季白天总云量和低云量与降水变化在2~4年(a)和5~8a的尺度周期都具有较强的相干性与共振周期,且处于正相关位相。在时空分布和时频域上,中国地区夏季云和降水的变化之间都存在非常显著的正相关关系,尤其是低云量。云和降水变化之间具有强相干性与共振周期是两者之间正相关联系的原因。 相似文献
17.
华南旱、涝年前汛期水汽输送特征的对比分析 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
利用卫星遥感反演的降水资料及中国740个测站逐日降水资料,根据定义的旱涝指数,划分了1957—2002年期间的华南旱涝年份。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,分别讨论华南前汛期4~6月、4月及6月的水汽输送的气候特征。在此基础上,进一步研究了4~6月、4月及6月水汽输送及其源地在华南前汛期涝年和旱年的不同特征。结果表明:影响华南的水汽输送环流在南海夏季风建立前后具有明显不同的气候特征,华南前汛期(4~6月)降水应分为南海夏季风爆发前4月份至夏季风爆发与南海夏季风爆发至6月两个时段。来源于西太平洋的水汽输送变化和来自中国北方的水汽输送变化对华南降水异常有重要作用,而阿拉伯海—孟加拉湾地区的水汽输送变化对华南的降水异常影响不大。 相似文献
18.
季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间选取问题的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中利用区域气候模式RegCM3,以1998年夏季中国异常气候事件为例,对季节尺度区域气候模拟适应调整时间的选取问题进行了数值研究。共做了11个试验,每个试验的适应调整时间最短为10 d,最长为6个月,以检验适应调整时间长短对夏季中国异常气候事件模拟结果的影响。结果表明:对于大气变量而言,模式通常在经过4—8 d的适应调整时间后,就进入"气候模态"运行,此后模拟误差主要是由于模式对区域内大气过程描述能力不足造成的,对适应调整时间选取不再敏感,这进一步证实了区域气候模拟是一个边值问题的观点。各气候区平均降水量模拟结果受适应调整时间影响也不大,但不同的适应调整时间对降水分布格局模拟将产生一定影响,降水分布模拟结果随适应调整时间的不同存在一定的不确定性,这种不确定性通常出现在强降水发生区域。总之,对于季节尺度降水模拟,适应调整时间大于2个月效果更好。对降水分布格局模拟误差和东亚夏季风系统进退过程之间关系的进一步分析发现,模式对受夏季风系统影响比较大的区域模拟的降水相关系数变化性也比较大,因此,发展合适的积云对流参数化方案以提高受夏季风系统直接影响区域强降水过程的描述能力是改进区域气候模式对中国区域夏季气候模拟效果的有效途径。 相似文献
19.
中国近代土地利用变化对区域气候影响的数值模拟 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
利用国家气候中心改进的高分辨率区域气候模式(RegCM-NCC)模拟研究了中国近代历史时期土地利用/覆盖变化对中国区域气候的影响,模拟结果显示,1700年以来,以森林砍伐、草地退化及相应耕地面积扩大为主的土地利用变化可能对中国区域降水、温度产生了显著影响。1700—1900年期间,由于土地利用的变化使华北、西南等地区降水呈减少趋势,其他区域变化不明显,但近50年来却使长江中下游地区、西北、东北部分地区降水有所增加。1700—1800年间的土地利用变化使得除东北及长江流域地区外的大部分地区温度呈下降趋势,1900年以后有所升高,特别是近50年来中国大部分区域平均气温升高,与这一时期由于大气中温室气体排放浓度增加造成的温度升高相一致。另外,土地利用变化不仅使大气温度、湿度发生变化,还可引起基本流场的变化,使东亚冬、夏季风气流有所增强,这主要是由于植被变化改变了地面温度,使海、陆温差进一步增大的结果。因此,土地利用变化对区域尺度气候变化的影响是不容忽视的。 相似文献
20.
LIN Zhaohui WANG Huijun ZHOU Guangqing CHEN Hong LANG Xianmei ZHAO Yan ZENG Qingcun 《大气科学进展》2004,21(3):456-466
Recent advances in dynamical climate prediction at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP/CAS) during the last five years have been briefly described in this paper. Firstly,the second generation of the IAP dynamical climate prediction system (IAP DCP-II) has been described,and two sets of hindcast experiments of the summer rainfall anomalies over China for the periods of 1980-1994 with different versions of the IAP AGCM have been conducted. The comparison results show that the predictive skill of summer rainfall anomalies over China is improved with the improved IAP AGCM in which the surface albedo parameterization is modified. Furthermore, IAP DCP-II has been applied to the real-time prediction of summer rainfall anomalies over China since 1998, and the verification results show that IAP DCP-II can quite well capture the large scale patterns of the summer flood/drought situations over China during the last five years (1998-2002). Meanwhile, an investigation has demonstrated the importance of the atmospheric initial conditions on the seasonal climate prediction, along with studies on the influences from surface boundary conditions (e.g., land surface characteristics, sea surface temperature).Certain conclusions have been reached, such as, the initial atmospheric anomalies in spring may play an important role in the summer climate anomalies, and soil moisture anomalies in spring can also have a significant impact on the summer climate anomalies over East Asia. Finally, several practical techniques(e.g., ensemble technique, correction method, etc.), which lead to the increase of the prediction skill for summer rainfall anomalies over China, have also been illustrated. The paper concludes with a list of criticalre quirements needed for the further improvement of dynamical seasonal climate prediction. 相似文献