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中国近海环流数值模拟研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按照研究时间由早期到现代,研究方法由简单到复杂的顺序,综述了近几十年来海洋数值模拟工作在中国近海所取得的研究成果.目前,通过数值模式已经能够基本合理地模拟中国近海的海洋环流,黑潮、台湾暖流、黄海暖流等的路径、流量,对马暖流源区等问题的特征在数值模拟结果中也逐渐清晰.通过分析已有的工作,认为还存在多项关键技术问题,并受对中国近海环流认知程度的限制,中国近海环流的数值模拟研究还需要进一步的发展和完善.在未来的数值模拟研究中,通过变网格或多重网格嵌套技术,实现中国近海高分辨率的数值模式;应用更加符合实际情况的海洋参数化方案,发展风-浪-流-潮耦合模式;结合资料同化技术,发展预报模式等都应是中国近海环流数值模拟研究的重点发展方向. 相似文献
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Langmuir环流影响着海洋上层的能量输入,对海洋上混合层的形成和加深起着重要作用,对于海洋上混合层具有重要意义。近年来许多学者采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对Langmuir环流进行机制研究,并通过在雷诺平均模型中参数化Langmuir环流效应,将Langmuir环流过程引入到三维海洋环流或海洋耦合模式中,提出了一系列混合参数化方案。本文回顾了Langmuir环流在雷诺平均模式参数化中的研究进展,主要可分为以下几种方案:一种方法是用Langmuir数在KPP垂直混合参数化方案中引入湍流特征速度增强因子,并不断发展Langmuir数的定义;一种是在Mellor-Yamada2.5湍流闭合模型中增加斯托克斯漂流剪切效应项,此外还有通过修改模式中混合长方程来加入Langmuir效应等。通过在雷诺平均模式中应用的结果来看,现有的参数化方案在一定程度上改善了混合层深度和SST的模拟,肯定了Langmuir环流在加深混合等方面的作用,但仍存在一些问题需要在今后的研究中进一步改进。 相似文献
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北太平洋副热带海洋环流强度异常对长江中下游夏季降水的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用SODA资料和ECCO资料计算得到的北太平洋副热带海洋环流强度,和国家气候中心整编的中国160站逐月降水资料,结合NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和Hadley中心海表面温度资料,分析了1970－2007年海洋环流强度异常同期的大尺度大气环流异常特征及对中国东部夏季降水的影响。结果表明:海洋环流强度变化与长江中下游地区降水存在密切的反相关。环流强度异常可以通过影响西太平洋副热带高压的南北位置异常进而影响长江中下游降水。海洋环流偏弱时,副高位置偏南,长江中下游地区受气旋性环流异常影响,来自副高西北侧的强西南水汽输送至此,在该地区形成强水汽辐合中心,同时伴随上升运动加强和对流的加强,进一步导致该地区降水偏多;当海洋环流偏强时,西太平洋副高位置偏北,长江中下游地区受反气旋性环流异常影响,伴随辐散下沉及水汽辐散,导致该地区降水偏少;海洋环流强度异常导致的中纬度海区海表面温度异常,可能是导致副高南北位置异常的主要原因。 相似文献
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南海海洋动力过程观测与模拟研究进展 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
主要从动力学角度回顾了近年来与南海环流有关的南海物理海洋学调查与模拟研究的进展。目前,对南海上层海洋海盆和次海盆尺度季节性环流的基本模态已经有了比较一致的认识,对特定区域中尺度的环流特征也达成共识。已有的观测和数值模拟研究工作在以下几个方面取得了很大的进展：研究南海准定常涡旋的空间分布,获得其时间演化的主要特征及影响其形成和演化的可能因素;研究行星波动在南海环流建立与调整过程中的作用,获得南海低阶行星波动的速度场分布以及南海环流建立与调整的典型时间尺度;分析并讨论南海与其周边海域,尤其是与西太平洋海域水交换的形式及其影响因素,初步了解海峡水交换的季节差异及其水平和垂向结构,提出黑潮入侵南海的几种形式。未来南海环流的研究方向将扩展到能量学机制方面,并包括热量、动能、动量和涡度等物理量的多时空尺度迁移。 相似文献
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王彬华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1964,(2)
本文从三方面探讨海洋环流与大气环流之间的对应关系。 1.海洋对于大气的热效应:通过北太平洋西部黑潮区水温分布及海洋与大气的热交换量,说明海洋可以影响到的大气高度;通过水温梯度分布找出其与1000—500mb厚度梯度分布的对应关系。 2.大气环流对于海洋环流的影响:根据黑潮轴线的季节变化,找出其与500mb西风急流和付热带高压轴线的活动是一致的协调的。黑潮强度与大气环流的对应关系并不明显。 3.西北太平洋海洋环流与天气系统:黑潮和亲潮邻接海区水温梯度最大,因而其上正是大气锋区所在,气旋最大频率区和海霧最大频率区均与海洋环流的活动息息相关。 从海洋环流与大气环流的对应关系中,指出海洋影响大气在温湿效应上,大气影响海洋在运动方面。但大气温湿属性改变了,必然引起空气运动。而海水运动产生了,也要引起温盐度的再分布。因而总的说来,海洋影响大气的直接作用为温湿效应,间接作用为空气运动。大气影响海洋的直接作用为海水运动,间接作用为温盐效应。 相似文献
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徐家振 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z1)
海洋地质学是海洋科学中的一门重要支柱学科。本世纪后半叶以来,由于大量的系统调查,特别是应用了各种先进的科学技术,在海洋地质研究中出现了一系列重要的发现,从而动摇了某些传统的地质学基本概念和理论,诞生了一些新的理论和学说。例如古海洋环流变化的发现丰富了古海洋学这一新兴学科;海底热液矿床的发现充实了现代矿床成因理论;深海钻探计划等的实施加速了海底扩张学说的诞生……。人们已经认识到,海洋地质学的每一项重大进展,不仅加速了海洋科学的发展,还在更深的层次上影响地质学界,甚至在整个地学界引起了革命. 相似文献
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完善莱州湾三维环流结构,对进一步认识莱州湾海域的物质输运和生态环境保护具有重要科学意义,但前人对于莱州湾环流三维结构的研究相对较少。本文基于一套高分辨率的海洋数值模式,从三维角度研究了莱州湾夏季8月份环流的气候态特征及其影响机制。数值研究表明,莱州湾夏季环流垂向结构呈现双层环流特征,其中在跨等深线方向,环流的双层结构环流特征比较显著且存在显著的密度锋面结构。动量诊断的结果进一步表明,这种双层结构环流的形成与底层密度锋面所导致的斜压梯度力密切相关。此外,通过量化温盐场对于密度锋面的贡献,本文证实了温度梯度是莱州湾顶的密度锋面的主要影响因素,其对斜压梯度力的贡献占比达到99%,而盐度梯度对于莱州湾中部区域的密度锋面十分重要,对斜压梯度力的贡献占比达到58%,这与夏季黄河所带来的淡水通量密切相关。 相似文献
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The application of very large floating structure (VLFS) to the utilization of ocean space and exploitation of ocean resources has become one of the issues of great interest in international ocean engineering field. Owing to the advantage of simplicity in structure and low cost of construction and maintenance, box-type VLFS can be used in the calm water area near the coast as the structure configuration of floating airport. In this paper, a 3D linear hydroelastic theory is used to study the dynamic response of box-type VLFS in sinusoidal regular waves. A beam model and a 3D FEM model are respectively employed to describe the dynamic characteristics of the box-type structure in vacuum. A hydrodynamic model (3D potential theory of flexible body) is applied to investigate the effect of different dry models on the hydroelastic response of box-type structure. Based on the calculation of hydroelastic response in regular waves, the rigid body motion displacement, flexible deflection, and the short term and long 相似文献
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系统总结了逆式回声测量仪（IES）的发展历史，重点介绍了其目前在世界范围内的应用情况，并阐述了CPIES（集成流速和压力传感器的IES）在我国吕宋海峡周边布放的意义及对未来应用的展望。结果表明采取不同的排列方式布放的IES阵列所获取的数据通过结合地转经验模态GEM（gravest empirical mode）以及最优插值方法能够获得观测海区的温度、盐度和流场的三维空间分布特征。基于CPIES的应用，可深入地研究多尺度的海洋动力过程，如内波、内潮和中尺度涡等，对后续大洋环流理论发展、中尺度涡产生和消亡机理、海洋中不同尺度能量串级等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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不同海洋动力过程之间的相互作用决定了海洋系统内部的结构,外观表征上则反映了海洋动力要素的空间及剖面精细化分布与演变特征,海洋动力系统相互作用理论愈来愈成为支撑海洋耦合数值模式与数值预报发展的重要基础。不同于Reynolds尺度平均概念,基于局域平稳均匀统计意义下的集合平均可易于实现集合层级和系统划分。在此基础上提出了一种实用的集合平均方法,分析了不同海洋动力过程之间的相互作用机理,包括大尺度动力过程对中、小尺度过程的输运、剪切生成作用,以及后者对前者的混合作用。重点揭示了湍流、波动对涡旋/环流的输运通量剩余量主要分量所起的作用,探讨了波动强剪切生成湍流的能量贡献效应等性质,为海浪-海流耦合实用模块的研发及数据资料处理提供设计方法。 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2010,35(3-4):125-136
This paper seeks to illustrate the point that physical inconsistencies between thermodynamics and dynamics usually introduce nonconservative production/destruction terms in the local total energy balance equation in numerical ocean general circulation models (OGCMs). Such terms potentially give rise to undesirable forces and/or diabatic terms in the momentum and thermodynamic equations, respectively, which could explain some of the observed errors in simulated ocean currents and water masses. In this paper, a theoretical framework is developed to provide a practical method to determine such nonconservative terms, which is illustrated in the context of a relatively simple form of the hydrostatic Boussinesq primitive equation used in early versions of OGCMs, for which at least four main potential sources of energy nonconservation are identified; they arise from: (1) the “hanging” kinetic energy dissipation term; (2) assuming potential or conservative temperature to be a conservative quantity; (3) the interaction of the Boussinesq approximation with the parameterizations of turbulent mixing of temperature and salinity; (4) some adiabatic compressibility effects due to the Boussinesq approximation. In practice, OGCMs also possess spurious numerical energy sources and sinks, but they are not explicitly addressed here.Apart from (1), the identified nonconservative energy sources/sinks are not sign definite, allowing for possible widespread cancellation when integrated globally. Locally, however, these terms may be of the same order of magnitude as actual energy conversion terms thought to occur in the oceans. Although the actual impact of these nonconservative energy terms on the overall accuracy and physical realism of the oceans is difficult to ascertain, an important issue is whether they could impact on transient simulations, and on the transition toward different circulation regimes associated with a significant reorganization of the different energy reservoirs. Some possible solutions for improvement are examined. It is thus found that the term (2) can be substantially reduced by at least one order of magnitude by using conservative temperature instead of potential temperature. Using the anelastic approximation, however, which was initially thought as a possible way to greatly improve the accuracy of the energy budget, would only marginally reduce the term (4) with no impact on the terms (1), (2) and (3). 相似文献
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海床基自动监测平台技术的研究应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
介绍了海床基自动监测技术国内外进展，就海床基自动监测平台系统的关键技术进行了论述。海床基自动监测平台系统是携带众多海洋环境观测传感器在海底工作的、自容式综合测量装置。它可布设于河口、港湾或者近海海底，对悬浮泥沙参数、海洋动力参数、温、盐和水质进行长期、同步、自动测量；系统回收后，通过系统软件建立各种海洋动力条件下特别是大风浪条件下悬浮泥沙的运移规律；建立温、盐、水位、流速剖面和通量、水质的时空变化规律。将多个站点的监测数据进行综合处理建立起海洋水体交换生态环境的时空联系，为科学地管理、治理和利用海洋自然环境造福人们提供决策依据。 相似文献
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A. S. Sarkisyan 《Oceanology》2016,56(5):615-620
In this paper, an integration method is proposed for a system of ocean dynamics equations (3DPEM) for creating a series of atlases with the joint title SOCRAT so that circulation in lower ocean layers can be adjusted to circulation in upper layers, avoiding smoothing of the intensity in upper layers caused by long integration or poor resolution. Specific simulations are presented, which were carried out by the author with a group of colleagues. These results conserve the realistic features of circulation thanks to the short integration period and high resolution. It is shown that due to long integration and/or simulation with rough resolution, simulations lose the main feature of ocean dynamics: intense alongshore currents; as a result, a nonexistant stable physical state uncharacteristic of an ocean is imposed. 相似文献
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In order to fulfill the no-slip condition at the western and eastern boundaries of the ocean basin, introduced ＂effective wind stress＂, which has much larger spatial variations towards the boundaries than in the ocean interior. The effective wind stress can thus be decomposed into spatially slow-varying and fast varying components. Careful scale analysis on the classical Munk winddriven ocean circulation theory, which consists of the interior Sverdrup flow and the western boundary current but of no eastern boundary current, shows that the wind stress curl appearing in the Sverdrup equation must have negligible spatial variations. In the present model the spatially slow-varying component of the wind stress appears in the Sverdrup equation, and the spatially fastvarying component becomes the forcing term of the boundary equations. As a result, in addition to the classical Munk solution the present model has an extra term at the western boundary which （Northern Hemisphere） increases the northward transport as well as the southward return transport, and has a term at the eastern boundary corresponding to the eastern boundary current. 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2010,31(4):310-322
A global spectral barotropic ocean model is introduced to describe the depth-averaged flow. The equations are based on vorticity and divergence (instead of horizontal momentum); continents exert a nearly infinite drag on the fluid. The coding follows that of spectral atmospheric general circulation models using triangular truncation and implicit time integration to provide a first step for seamless coupling to spectral atmospheric global circulation models and an efficient method for filtering of ocean wave dynamics. Five experiments demonstrate the model performance: (i) Bounded by an idealized basin geometry and driven by a zonally uniform wind stress, the ocean circulation shows close similarity with Munk’s analytical solution. (ii) With a real land–sea mask the model is capable of reproducing the spin-up, location and magnitudes of depth-averaged barotropic ocean currents. (iii) The ocean wave-dynamics of equatorial waves, excited by a height perturbation at the equator, shows wave dispersion and reflection at eastern and western coastal boundaries. (iv) The model reproduces propagation times of observed surface gravity waves in the Pacific with real bathymetry. (v) Advection of tracers can be simulated reasonably by the spectral method or a semi-Langrangian transport scheme. This spectral barotropic model may serve as a first step towards an intermediate complexity spectral atmosphere–ocean model for studying atmosphere–ocean interactions in idealized setups and long term climate variability beyond millennia. 相似文献
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现场波浪观测技术发展和应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍与海洋工程有关的应用于水下、水面、水上和太空不同空间位置的现场波浪观测技术。根据不同仪器量测的基本原理,分析其对工程应用的适合性和局限性;并讨论了现场波浪观测的发展趋势以及我国应采取的对策。 相似文献