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详细论述了结构分灾抗震设计的产生背景、设计思想、优化模型和基本原则，指出结构分灾设计是在分析基于投资—效益准则的结构抗震设计模型的基础上，对工程实践中一些成功经验的提炼和概括而形成的设计方法，工程领域中一些现行设计方法和措施就是分灾设计的具体应用。当工程师们待处理的问题必须考虑高度不确定性因素时，将分灾设计作为一种可能选用的设计理念，将有助于工程师们实现设计创新。分灾设计符合基于性能的抗震设计思想，可以方便地实现基于性能的设计。 相似文献
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胡聿贤 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2003,2(1):35-38
Current design criteria and principles of earthquake engineering design are reviewed, including safety factors, probabilistic
approach, and two-level and multi-level functional design ideas. The modern multi-functional idea is discussed in greater
details. When designing a structure, its resistance to and the intensity of the earthquake action are considered. The consequence
of failure of the structure is considered only through a rough and empirical factor of importance, ranging usually from 1.0
to 1.5. This paper suggests a method of “consequence-based design,” which considers the consequences of malfunctioning instead
of simply an importance factor. The main argument for this method is that damage to a structure located in different types
of societies may have very different consequences, which are dependant on its value and usefulness to the society and the
seismicity in the region. 相似文献
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The seismic design provisions of most building codes in the United States specify ground motion parameters for various regions of the country and provide simple formulae to determine a distribution of lateral forces for which the structure should be designed. Although the code provisions are very simple to use, they oversimplify a complex problem and are based on many implicit assumptions which many designers may not appreciate. Furthermore, the reliability of the final design is not easily determined. This paper describes a reliability-based seismic design procedure for building structures. It is a performance-based design procedure which requires the designer to verify that a particular structural design satisfies displacement-based performance criteria. An equivalent system methodology and uniform hazard spectra are used to evaluate structural performance. The performance criteria are expressed in probabilistic terms, and deterministic design-checking equations are derived from these criteria. The design-checking equations incorporate design factors (analogous to load and resistance factors) which account for the uncertainty in the seismic hazard, the uncertainty in predicting site soil effects, and the approximate nature of the simplified models of the structure. The alternative procedure should enable designers to achieve code-specified target performance objectives for moderate and severe levels of earthquake excitation. 相似文献
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对《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)》的评述 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则（试用）》（以下简称《通则》）是一部对我国抗震设计规范修订具有重大指导意义的试用标准.本文对《通则》和现行规范的某些不同和改进之处进行了比较,讨论了《通则》所具有的先进性和行业指导性,同时也对应用《通则》的原理,对修订和完善下一代规范还需要研究的问题提出了若干建议. 相似文献
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在前文模型试验的基础上 ,本文总结归纳了隔震桥梁的设计方法与设计流程 ,着重论述探讨了隔震桥梁的概念设计与细部构造设计应注意的问题 相似文献
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Consideration of vertical seismic design loads is important for long-span structural systems, short-period structures, and for some nonstructural components in the buildings. To this end, seismic design codes utilize alternative approaches to define vertical design spectrum at different levels of complexity: either as a fraction of horizontal design spectrum or using a separate functional form having features different than the horizontal spectrum. In all cases, a consistency between the horizontal and vertical design spectral ordinates is sought. In this paper, we consider a set of modern seismic design codes, horizontal and vertical ground-motion datasets, as well as ground-motion predictive models (GMPMs) to assess the accuracy of code-based vertical design spectrum expressions. We compute horizontal and vertical spectra for different earthquake scenarios (magnitude-distance-soil condition combinations) from the selected horizontal and vertical GMPMs for comparisons with their code-based (idealized) counterparts. Besides that, we study the vertical spectrum behavior from observed ground-motion data. Our observations suggest that the vertical design spectrum formulations by current codes do not fully explain the actual vertical spectral acceleration trends. We discuss the possible reasons behind the misrepresentation of vertical spectrum by the current code approach and introduce our own expressions to compute horizontal spectrum consistent vertical design spectrum from a comprehensive simulated dataset of correlated vertical and horizontal spectral ordinates. 相似文献
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《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)》对抗震设计具有重要的指导意义,其中的抗震设计理念同以往的抗震设计规范在抗震设防的思路、概念和方法上有较大的区别。从工程实践的角度,比较了《通则》和现行抗震设计相关规范的区别并对具体应用提出一些看法。 相似文献
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The seismic conceptual design is an essential part of seismic design codes. It points out that the term "seismic conceptual design" should imply three aspects,i.e.,the given concept itself,the specific provisions related to the given concept and the designing following the provisions. Seismic conceptual design can be classified into two categories: the strict or traditional seismic conceptual design and the generalized seismic conceptual design. The authors are trying to define for both conceptual designs their connotations and study their characteristics,in particular,the differences between them. Authors emphasize that both conceptual designs sound very close,however,their differences are apparent. The strict conceptual designs are usually worked out directly from engineering practice and/or lessons learnt from earthquake damage,while the generalized conceptual designs are resulted in a series of visions aiming to realize the general objectives of the seismic codes. The strict conceptual designs,(traditional conceptual designs) are indispensable elements of seismic codes in assuring designed structures safer and the generalized conceptual designs are playing key roles in directing to a more advanced and effective seismic codes. 相似文献
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基于结构性能的抗震设计理论研究与展望 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
基于结构性能的抗震设计理论进90年代国际地震工程提出的新概念，是抗震设计理念上的一次变革。本文阐述了基于结构性能的抗震设计理论产生的背景，基本内容，主要特点及发展概况，并结合我国抗震设计理论和实际的现状就其研究和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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场地相关设计反应谱特征周期的统计分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用近年来的工程场地地震安全性评价和地震小区划工作的成果，对上述工作中得到的场地相关反应谱的特征周期取值进行统计分析，并收集现有的强震记录计算其反应谱，将上述两个结果同两个版本的抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89和GB50011-2001)中的规定进行比较。发现上述两本规范中的特征周期取值在不同程度上小于实际场地情况的统计平均值。其中，虽然GB50011-2001规范相对于GBJ11-89规范更加接近实际场地的情况，但仍然在一些情况下取值偏小。 相似文献
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基于建筑性能的非结构构件抗震设计研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对非结构构件在地震中破坏的现象、震害情况,分析破坏原因,给出了非结构构件的抗震设防目标。基于建筑物性能的基本思想,给出了非结构构件的性能设计要求;讨论了非结构构件和附属设备的抗震设计计算原则。对建筑的非结构构件提出了相应的抗震设防技术措施,以提高其抗震能力。 相似文献
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40g-t水平单向离心振动台总体设计方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
离心机上水平单向振动台振动容量大于30 g-t为大型离心振动台,振动容量40 g-t则代表国际当前大型离心振动台最高水平,目前仅美国和日本各有一台,经验少且自装备后一直不断改进.为满足我国岩土地震工程和土动力学对大型离心振动台装备的迫切需求,本文剖析了40 g-t水平单向离心振动台的功能要求与研制难点,论述了其总体设计... 相似文献
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城市商业建筑避难所对保障人们生命安全和财产非常重要。室内应急避难所的空间布局和责任分区是一个涉及人口密集程度、建筑内环境、疏散方式和商业场所的适应性等因素的问题,我国针对该项目的设计和研究尚不完善,这对商业建筑受灾时人员的安全有很大威胁。本文提出商业建筑室内地震应急避难场所空间设计,从疏散效率角度出发,设计一个以P-中值模型为基础的避难所最佳分区模型,通过对模型分析和计算,得出商业建筑隔震层的最佳位置,在确定隔震层位置后,对应急避难所的室内空间进行设计,最后通过分析避难所的可达性,判定该避难所设计是否合理。通过仿真实验验证,本文设计的应急避难所辐射面积广,服务人数较大,总体性能较好,可为商业建筑避难设计领域提供有力的帮助。 相似文献
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In the U.S.,the current Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads.Various extreme load effects,such as earthquake and vessel collision,are not considered on the same reliability-based platform.Since these extreme loads are time variables,combining them with frequent,nonextreme loads is a significant challenge.The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications.Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers,many load combinations are insignificant in their states.This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states.This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms.Then,important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively. 相似文献
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我国尚未制定海洋平台的抗震标准.本文首先介绍了美国RP2A-WSD规范的内容,并与我国相关规范进行对比分析,认为我国目前采用的海洋平台强度设计和变形设计水准过于保守.从海洋平台的结构特征出发,探讨了海洋平台的工程地震问题.在此基础上,根据我国海域地震活动特征、海洋平台的设计基准期和设防目标等因素,参照相关行业工程抗震设防标准的经验,提出我国海洋平台用于强度设计的正常使用极限地震重现期取200年、用于延性设计的变形极限地震重现期取1000年.最后通过一个工程实例,分析了海底泥面对设计地震动参数的影响,以及不同抗震标准下设计地震动参数的差别,认为本文提出的平台抗震设防水准是安全合理的,同时又兼顾到我国经济承受能力以及与现行标准的连贯性. 相似文献