共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Geoforum》2017
Highly alkaline industrial residues (e.g., steel slag, bauxite processing residue (red mud) and ash from coal combustion) have been identified as stocks of potentially valuable metals. Technological change has created demand for metals, such as vanadium and certain rare earth elements, in electronics associated with renewable energy generation and storage. Current raw material and circular economy policy initiatives in the EU and industrial ecology research all promote resource recovery from residues, with research so far primarily from an environmental science perspective. This paper begins to address the deficit of research into the governance of resource recovery from a novel situation where re-use involves extraction of a component from a bulk residue that itself represents a risk to the environment. Taking a political industrial ecology approach, we briefly present emerging techniques for recovery and consider their regulatory implications in the light of potential environmental impacts. The paper draws on EU and UK regulatory framework for these residues along with semi-structured interviews with industry and regulatory bodies. A complex picture emerges of entwined ownerships and responsibilities for residues, with past practice and policy having a lasting impact on current possibilities for resource recovery. 相似文献
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基于人工神经网络的地裂缝危险性评价系统 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
现代地裂缝在世界许多国家普遍存在, 已成为当今世界范围的主要地质灾害之一。利用地理信息系统 (GIS)与人工神经网络 (ANN)耦合技术建立了地裂缝灾情非线性模拟评价系统。作者在分析地裂缝灾害成因的基础上, 利用地理信息系统 (GIS)的空间分析功能, 建立了构造、地下水开采、地层和地貌 4个地学信息专题层图; 采用人工神经网络 (ANN)这一以工程技术手段模拟人脑神经网络的结构和功能特征的技术系统, 建立了地裂缝灾害危险性非线性模拟评价模型, 开发研制了危险性评价系统, 进而对榆次地裂缝灾害危险性进行了非线性模拟评价, 将研究区按危险性系数进行了分区, 为榆次城建、环保和国土规划等部门的正确决策提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
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地球内核快速旋转的发现与全球变化的轨道效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
科里奥利效应是产生内核快速旋转的主要原因。科氏力使上升物质向西漂移，下降物质向东漂移；造成地球外层自转减速，地球内层自转加速。所以，自旋体中的垂直运动可以产生大规模的水平运动——圈层差异旋转。地震波测量结果表明，内核旋转速度每年比地壳地幔快１°。对于一个内核差异旋转的地球，太阳辐射不仅形成地磁场的内外磁尾和地壳与内核的反向振动，而且影响核幔角动量交换和电磁耦合，从而控制了地球内能的释放，形成天文周期与地质旋回的一一对应关系。地球轨道和太阳轨道的全球变化响应，为太阳辐射量变化控制地球内能释放提供了证据 相似文献
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J. Švajlenka M. Kozlovská M. Spišáková 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(8):1591-1602
The construction industry is a major consumer of material and energy resources. Global developments in construction give sustainability a crucial role in overall healthy functioning of society as well as the whole environment. Modern methods of construction represent a response to the sustainability trend, since they bring faster construction and better environmental, energy and economic parameters. The aim of this article is to analyse and evaluate the benefits of modern methods of construction in the form of prefabricated panel wood construction (PWC). With the aid of a case study, certain environmental and economic parameters of PWC on the one hand and traditional masonry construction from ceramic bricks on the other hand will be studied and compared. The environmental evaluation of building material composition was conducted by means of the ‘Cradle to Gate’ model within the LCA method. The parameters in question will be studied in terms of embodied energy, global warming potential and acidification potential. The economic parameters to be analysed include construction time, construction costs and particularly the environmental burden caused by transport of materials to the building site. The submitted experimental study and its results should help break barriers sustained by traditional technologies and point towards healthier and more environmentally friendly alternatives in construction processes. 相似文献
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混合热源与热泵联动空调技术及其在天津"975"工程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
混合热源与热泵联动空调技术以天然、廉价和低品位的资源为主,以高品位资源为尖峰负荷的系统能源配置设计新方法,实现以单投入多功能的新型能源利用方式替代多投入单功能传统的能源利用方式,使建筑物的空调系统具有经济、节能与环保等特点.该项技术能较好地应用于能源获取难度大、单一冷热源不能满足要求的工程.在天津"975"工程供暖及制冷系统中的应用结果表明:混合热源与热泵联动空调技术成功地解决了系统的冷热源、热(冷)负荷需求大等难题,具有明显的环境与经济效益. 相似文献
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Po-Shin Huang Li-Hsing Shih Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(1):35-50
Owing to the green revolution, environmental problems have now become some of the most important issues worldwide. Environmental knowledge management, which combines the strengths of environmental management and knowledge management, will become a popular tool for businesses in the near future. In this paper, through interviews of staff at different levels and in different departments of the business, i. e. managers and engineers and using the environmental knowledge circulation process, the authors evaluate the success of environmental knowledge management when applied to China Steel Corporation in Taiwan. From the case study, the authors found that China Steel Corporation has applied the environmental knowledge circulation process for over thirty years. The company continually improves its environmental and financial performance through environmental knowledge creation, environmental knowledge accumulation, environmental knowledge sharing, environmental knowledge utilization and environmental knowledge internalization. Water pollution and air emissions have reduced year on year and total energy consumption has reduced by 20 % from 1979 to 2006. On the other hand, China Steel Corporation also makes a profit and reduces cost through energy sold, by-products and recycling. Continuous improvement in environmental knowledge management has rendered China Steel Corporation in the most profitable steel company in Taiwan and the world’s twenty fifth largest steel producing company in 2006. 相似文献
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地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1927年美国首先发现地裂缝以来，各国学者对地裂缝的发生、发展进行了细致的研究。美国学者首先从地震研究入手，认为地裂缝的形成受构造因素影响。后逐渐加强研究地下水超采对地裂缝的影响，形成了构造与地下水开采复合成因观点。我国学者重点对汾渭地堑地裂缝成因问题进行了较系统的研究，提出几种成因机理模型，并用GIS技术建立简单的预测预报系统。文章在详细介绍国内、外对地裂缝成因机理和水文特性的研究以及预测、预报工作的同时，对今后研究趋势进行了展望。目前，地裂缝的研究正从以往的定性静态描述转向以过程为目标的精确定量动力学研究。利用相似材料模拟地裂缝的形成与发展，以非线性理论（如分形）对地裂缝系统进行定量的数学描述，建立准确的预测、预报模型（如人工神经网络模型），并与GIS相结合，建立完善的预测、预报系统，减少地裂缝灾害对环境的影响，进而对它加以利用，是今后地裂缝研究的主要方向。 相似文献
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空间尺度转换是近年来区域生态水文研究领域的一个基本研究问题。其需要主要是源于模型的输入数据与所能提供的数据空间尺度不一致以及模型所代表的地表过程空间尺度与所观测的地表过程空间尺度不吻合。综述了目前区域生态水文模拟研究中常用的空间尺度转换研究方法,包括向上尺度转换和向下尺度转换。详细论述了2种向下尺度转换方法: 统计学经验模型和动态模型。前者是通过将GCM大尺度数据与长期的历史观测数据比较从而建立统计学相关模型, 然后利用这个统计学经验模型进行向下的空间尺度转换. 然而动态模型并不直接对GCM数据进行向下尺度的转换,而是对与GCM进行动态耦合的区域气候模型(RCM) 的输出数据进行空间尺度转换. 通常后者所获得的数据精度要比前者高,但是一个主要缺点就是并不是全球所有的研究区域都有对应的RCM。还详细论述了2种向上尺度转换方法: 统计学经验模型和斑块模型。前者是建立一个能代表小尺度信息在大尺度上分布的密度分布概率函数, 然后利用这个函数在所需的大尺度上进行积分而求得大尺度所需的信息。而后者是根据相似性最大化原则将大尺度划分为若干个可操作的小尺度斑块,然后将计算的每个小尺度斑块的信息平均化得到大尺度所需的信息。通常在计算这种斑块化的小尺度信息的时候,对每个小尺度也会采用统计学经验模型来计算代表整个斑块小尺度的信息。建议用斑块模型与统计学经验模型相集合的方法来实现向上的空间尺度转换 相似文献
10.
晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的评价和开发利用提供科学依据,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和白度计等现代分析测试技术,研究了晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征。结果表明:1)根据造纸和涂料用煅烧高岭土的国家标准,晋北煤矸石主要可分为3种类型:合格原料、基本合格原料和不合格原料。2)与合格和基本合格原料相比,不合格原料煅烧产物的化学成分中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3含量以及碱金属与碱土金属总含量都与前者有较大差异。3)合格和基本合格原料主要由高岭石(85%~94%)组成,不合格煤矸石矿物组合为高岭石(30%~60%)+石英(23%~38%)+伊利石(14%~26%),并含少量黄铁矿和白云石等杂质矿物,石英等杂质矿物和含铁矿物是分别导致煅烧产物化学成分和白度不合格的主要原因。4)合格原料中高岭石结晶度较好,主要为不规则片状、书册状和弯曲片状,片表面光滑,片径大小范围较大,为0.05~51.22μm,平均2.80μm,径厚比41.24。 相似文献
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作为现代地球科学学科体系重要组成部分的岩溶学一直以来都被认为是地质学、地理学、环境科学、生态学之间的交叉、边缘学科,并未建立起自己独立的学科体系。面对全球岩溶地貌分布广泛、生态环境脆弱及问题复杂多样且同经济社会发展密切相关等情况,文章在简要回顾国内外岩溶学发展历程的基础上,通过对近三十年国内外岩溶研究相关学科发展情况的分析,以地球系统科学、岩溶动力学理论为指导,讨论构建现代岩溶学学科体系这一重要问题。文章围绕岩溶动力系统的四大功能和岩溶区资源环境生态问题的实际,从地质学、地理学、地球化学、生态学、环境学、水文学等与现代岩溶学研究相关的学科出发,尝试构建现代岩溶学学科体系,其主要的学科分支包括岩溶地质学、岩溶地貌学、岩溶水文地质学、岩溶环境学、岩溶工程地质学、岩溶生态学、岩溶资源学、全球变化岩溶学、洞穴学等九个分支学科,并简要阐述了各分支学科的科学内涵和定位。分支学科的构建,体现了国际岩溶科学研究中相关研究方向和学科发展独立性和交叉性的统一,体现了国际岩溶学发展的现状和趋势,对于国际岩溶科学的发展具有较为重要的意义。 相似文献
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The CamClay model has been extensively used in numerous research programmes for constitutive modelling in Soil Mechanics during the past quarter of a century. Several derivations of this model are now available and routinely used for numerical simulations in the geomechanical engineering field. However, to the authors' knowledge the thermodynamical basis of this model in its original form has never been established, at least in a modern thermodynamics framework. The thermodynamics principle proposed by Ziegler is very expedient for this purpose as the non-associated flow rule may be considered. This approach is applied to the CamClay model with the Roscoe dilatancy rule. A dissipation function and free energy are specified in terms of kinematic variables (i.e. state and internal variables), and the material response is derived entirely from these functions. 相似文献
13.
It is argued that the selection of the most appropriate geochemical measurement technique should be based upon the fitness of its measurement results for any specified purpose, regardless of whether the measurement are made in situ or ex situ. Using this approach, in situ measurements made in the field are shown to have some definite advantages over those made ex situ in a laboratory. A case study is used to show that there are cases where in situ measurements can be more fit-for-purpose than their ex situ equivalents. This is primarily because the uncertainty of both types of measurement is usually limited by the uncertainty arising from the field sampling process. That uncertainty is mainly caused by small-scale heterogeneity (in space or time) in the analyte concentration within the environmental material (e.g. soil, water or air). 相似文献
14.
Enhanced demand for coal and minerals in the country has forced mine operators for mass production through large opencast mines. Heavy blasting and a large amount of explosive use have led to increased environmental problems, which may have potential harm and causes a disturbance. Ground vibrations generated due to blasting operations in mines and quarries are a very important environmental aspect. It is clear that a small amount of total explosive energy is being utilized in blasting for breakage of rock mass, while the rest is being wasted. The amount of energy which is wasted causes various environmental issues such as ground vibrations, air overpressure, and fly rock. Ground vibrations caused by blasting cannot be eliminated entirely, yet they can be minimized as far as possible through a suitable blasting methodology. A considerable amount of work has been done to identify ground vibrations and assess the blast performance regarding the intensity of ground vibrations, i.e., peak particle velocity and frequency spectrum. However, not much research has done into reducing the seismic energy wasted during blasting leading to ground vibrations. In this paper, the blast-induced ground vibrations in three orthogonal directions, i.e., transverse, vertical, and longitudinal, were recorded at different distances using seismographs. An attempt has been made for the estimation of the percentage of explosive energy dissipated in the form of seismic energy with electronic and non-electric (NONEL) initiation system. signal processing techniques with the help of DADiSP software is used to study the same. 相似文献
15.
We assessed fish assemblage stability over the last half century in Lake Pontchartrain, an environmentally degraded oligohaline
estuary in southeastern Louisiana. Because assemblage instability over time has been consistently associated with severe habitat
degradation, we attempted to determine whether fish assemblages in demersal, nearshore, and pelagic habitats exhibited change
that was unrelated to natural fluctuations in environmental variables (e.g., assemblage changes between wet and dry periods).
Collection data from three gear types (trawl, beach seine, and gill nets) and monthly environmental data (salinity, temperature,
and Secchi depth) were compared for four collecting periods: 1954 (dry period), 1978 (wet period), 1996–1998 (wet period),
and 1998–2000 (dry period). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that although the three environmental variables
were significantly associated with the distribution and abundance patterns of fish assemblages in all habitats (with the exception
of Secchi depth for pelagic samples), most fish assemblage change occurred among sampling periods (i.e., along a temporal
gradient unrelated to changing environmental variables). Assemblage instability was the most pronounced for fishes collected
by trawls from demersal habitats. A marked lack of cyclicity in the trawl data CCA diagram indicated a shift away from a baseline
demersal assemblage of 50 yr ago. Centroid positions for the five most collected species indicated that three benthic fishes,
Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), and hardhead catfish (Arius felis), were more dominant in past demersal assemblages (1954 and 1978). A different situation was shown for planktivorous species
collected by trawls with bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) becoming more dominant in recent assemblage and Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patromus) remaining equally represented in assemblages over time. Changes in fish assemblages from nearshore (beach seine) and pelagic
(gill net) habitats were more closely related to environmental fluctuations, though the CCA for beach seine data also indicated
a decrease in the dominance ofM. undulatus and an increase in the proportion ofA. mitchilli over time. The reduced assemblage role of benthic fishes and the marked assemblage change indicated by trawl data suggest
that over the last half century demersal habitats in Lake Pontchartrain have been impacted more by multiple anthropogenic
stressors than nearshore or pelagic habitats. 相似文献
16.
A method is described to predict P2O5 content in the product (of phosphate beneficiation by calcination) as a function of the composition of an untreated and also of a washed raw material. The method consisted of: (a) developing an on-line multielement analysis by XRF; (b) finding the elemental and mineralogical relationships in the product, by factor analysis; (c) determination of the independent variables; (d) finding the relationships between the concentrations of the impurity variables in the raw material and in the product; (e) developing a linear model to predict P2O5 content. The predictions are used for mining and for plant control. 相似文献
17.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):153-172
Serving as a way to understand the material composition, structure, and dynamic process of the Earth’s interior, deep earth exploration is driven by not only mankind’s pursuit of natural mysteries but also mankind’s basic need to obtain resources and guarantee economic and social development. The first phase of deep earth exploration of China (SinoProbe) was carried out from 2008 to 2016 and tremendous results were achieved. In 2016, the China Geological Survey launched a Deep Geological Survey Project (also referred to as the Project) to continuously explore the deep Earth. Focusing on the national energy resources strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative, and major basic issues of the geological survey, the Project was carried out in Songliao Basin (an important energy base in China) and major geological boundaries and tectonic units including Qilian Mountains-Tianshan Mountains and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt. The purpose of it is to reveal the process, structure, and forming patterns of the deep ore deposits and petroleum reservoirs, clarify the evolutionary pattem and controlling factors of Mesozoic environmental climate, and discover deep fine structures of key orogens, basins, and mountains by comprehensive geophysical exploration and scientific drilling. Great achievements have been obtained after more than three years of efforts, including a cumulative 1552 km of deep seismic reflection profiles and magnetotelluric profiles, an ultra-deep continental scientific drilling well, a scientific drilling pilot hole, and a magnetotelluric array and a portable broadband seismic array, both of which cover South China. Moreover, significant progress has been made in ultra-deep drilling technology, deep oil and gas discovery in Songliao Basin, and basic geological issues of Qilian Orogen and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt in South China, greatly accelerating the deep earth exploration in China and further consolidating China’s position as a power in deep earth exploration. 相似文献
18.
REE oxides in loess are estimated to amount to about 200 ppm. The REE distribution patterns of loess and its clay-sized fractions are characterized by the enrichment of rare earth elements of Ce family. The REE distribution patterns of loess in the Middle Huanghe (Yellow River) Valley are identical with those of sands from the Tenger Desert, probably indicating the consistency of their material sources. The REE distribution patterns are similar to one another in the clay-sized fractions of Malan loess everywhere in the Middle Huanghe Valley, indicating their compositional homogeneity. Close to the average value of the earth’s crust, the REE distribution patterns of loess and its clay-sized fractions are similar to those of sedimentary rocks (e.g., North American shales), but different from those of chondrites. It seems to show that large amounts of loessic material were transported from the provenance by moving water to sedimentary systems after they had been separated from the precursor, and then transported by wind to the present loess-accumulated areas. 相似文献
19.
地热是主要地球物理场之一,地热能是地球的本土能源。李四光在20世纪60年代开创了我国地热科学。到90年代,学科体系基本建立。在过去20年里,我国地热研究得到了进一步深化和拓展。本文从大地热流、岩石圈热结构、地热系统、油气盆地地热、矿山地热、天然气水合物以及气候变化等方面回顾地热研究代表性的创新进展,并对深层地热、海洋地热、环境地热等研究方向作了展望。本文认为,过去20年我国地热研究成果丰硕,国际影响力得到提高,未来发展势头强劲。在经历了由浅入深,从今到古的成长之后,地热研究还将不断拓展领域,为我国地球科学,特别是能源与环境安全做出更大贡献。 相似文献
20.
《Geoforum》2017
This paper explores the role of expertise, the nature of criticality, and their relationship to securitisation as mineral raw materials are classified. It works with the construction of risk along the liberal logic of security to explore how “key materials” are turned into “critical materials” in the bureaucratic practice of classification: Experts construct material criticality in assessments as they allot information on the materials to the parameters of the assessment framework. In so doing, they ascribe a new set of connotations to the materials, namely supply risk, and their importance to clean energy, legitimizing a criticality discourse.Specifically, the paper introduces a typology delineating the inferences made by the experts from their produced recommendations in the classification of rare earth element criticality. The paper argues that the classification is a specific process of constructing risk. It proposes that the expert bureaucratic practice of classification legitimizes (i) the valorisation that was made in the drafting of the assessment framework for the classification, and (ii) political operationalization when enacted that might have (non-)distributive implications for the allocation of public budget spending. 相似文献