共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
为促进毛蚶(Scapharca kagoshimensis)的遗传育种研究及开展其资源的保护工作。本研究用4组微卫星多元PCR体系对5个毛蚶全同胞家系进行了家系鉴定分析。研究表明:4组多元PCR体系中的10个微卫星位点均为高多态性位点,使用1组多元PCR体系的子代模拟鉴定成功率和实际鉴定成功率分别为78%和72%,3组以上多元PCR体系子代的鉴定成功率为100%。研究结果表明,微卫星多元PCR技术能快速、准确地将任意子代鉴定至其所属家系,该技术可用于大批量家系材料分析,具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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微卫星DNA标记技术及其在海洋生物遗传学中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
DNA简单重复序列从1974年在海洋生物中被发现,到1989年“微卫星”术语开始使用这段时间是这种新型分子标记技术的发展阶段。伴随着PCR技术的发明、成熟与拓展,微卫星DNA以其多态性高、随机分布、共显性遗传、重复性好等特点在生物学的个体及系统发育方面得到很广泛的应用。本文从微卫星DNA的发展简史开始,较详细地介绍了它的原理、方法及策略,然后概括了在海洋动、植物的遗传学中,微卫星DNA在遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建、基因鉴定和标记以及系谱认证等领域的研究,展望了其在海洋生物分子育种、基因克隆、生物保护等方面的应用前景。 相似文献
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水体悬沙浓度是水利、环境、河口海岸与海洋相关研究领域最为基础的数据需求之一。随着传感器技术的发展, 悬沙浓度连续测量技术在悬沙浓度测量领域表现出高时空分辨率、长期数据采集的成本和风险均较低的突出优点。本文综述了光学、声学、音叉谐振、压差和放射性射线衰减等原理用于悬沙浓度连续测量技术的相关研究进展, 探讨了各技术方法的优、缺点, 并提出了今后的研发重点和发展方向主要在以下几个方面: 1) 光后向散射原理是低成本、小型化和高时频测量悬沙浓度的最优技术路线, 需着力于开展量程扩增和粒径敏感度削弱研究; 2) 低不确定度悬沙浓度垂向剖面观测的实现依赖于超声后向散射原理技术路线的发展; 3) 音叉谐振原理技术路线尤为契合高含沙水流和浮泥工况下的超高量程应用场景; 4) 多技术路线传感器融合以及使用人工智能算法模型替代正向反演模型。 相似文献
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许氏平鲉4 个野生群体遗传多样性微卫星分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用18对微卫星引物分析了荣成湾群体1、荣成湾群体2、即墨群体和龙口群体共4个许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)野生群体的遗传多样性。结果表明:4个群体的平均有效等位基因数分别为3.1、2.7、2.8和2.7,平均期望杂合度分别为0.590、0.540、0.552和0.491,平均多态信息含量分别为0.577、0.495、0.538和0.528。4个许氏平鲉群体均表现出较高的遗传多样性水平,但也都存在杂合子缺失现象。Χ2检验显示,4个群体中大部分微卫星位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.05)。群体间Fst值为0.04,说明遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体间的遗传分化程度较低。该研究结果将为许氏平鲉种质资源保护和合理利用以及人工增殖提供理论参考。 相似文献
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微卫星标记在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)家系系谱印证中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用8个微卫星标记对大菱鲆7个人工选育家系进行了系谱鉴别和遗传多样性研究。8个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量为0.6721,平均杂合度为0.7206。8个微卫星位点在7个家系分析中,共检测到40个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在38个之间,每个位点平均有5个等位基因。根据已知亲本及子代基因型,成功的推断出了7个家系中缺失亲本的基因型。在双亲未知的情况下8个微卫星位点累积排除概率是97.07%,已知单亲时累积排除概率达99.63%。用UPG-MA法对7个家系的137个子代个体进行了聚类分析,90.5%同一家系的子代个体能完全聚类到一起,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。微卫星标记可以为大菱鲆混养家系进行亲权鉴定和系谱构建提供技术支持。 相似文献
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褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)是轮虫动物门(Rotifera)中的广盐种。其个体微小、培养容易、营养丰富,是目前唯一能够在海水养殖中进行大规模培养,并用于海产动物人工育苗的物种。褶皱臂尾轮虫生活史为孤雌生殖和有性生殖世代交替进行,是生物学研究的模型生物。本研究用FIASCO法构建了褶皱臂尾轮虫微卫星富集文库,分离了135个微卫星;用PCR-PAGE分型法分析山东半岛褶皱臂尾轮虫群体,获得8个多态微卫星。等位基因数2~4个;观测杂合度和期望杂合度范围分别为0.1471~0.6364和0.3139~0.6559;遗传偏离指数为-0.3624~0.05353;多态信息含量为0.2615~0.5841。无微卫星偏离哈温平衡,但有2个微卫星处于连锁不平衡。本研究筛选的8个微卫星为褶皱臂尾轮虫遗传多样性和种群结构分析提供了标记。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(9)
本文使用6个具有多态性的微卫星位点,对30个魁蚶亲本及其300个子代(共330个个体)进行家系分析,评估苗种生产中亲本与子代间的遗传变异。研究表明,家系鉴定成功率与模拟结果一致,使用6个微卫星位点可以实现超过99%的鉴定率。魁蚶亲本与子代间等位基因多样性相似,子代群体的期望杂合度显著低于亲本群体(P0.05),观测杂合度和亲本群体相比略有降低,但无显著差异。所有魁蚶父母本都参与了繁殖过程,并具有多重父权和多重母权的现象。研究显示,微卫星作为一种分子标记可以有效应用到家系鉴定中,同时对于养殖魁蚶群体的遗传多样性变化仍需要进一步的监测。本研究为魁蚶人工育苗、养殖生产制定合理的管理方针提供帮助,同时为微卫星作为分子标记进行魁蚶增殖放流溯源提供科学支持。 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍微卫星研究进展 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
李琪 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(3):365-370
微卫星标记(microsatellite markers)广泛分布于原核生物和真核生物基因组中，具有密度大、多态性丰富、遵循孟德尔分离定律共显性遗传、易于PCR扩增等特点，已成为近年来最引人注目的新型DNA标记。本文对皱纹盘鲍的微卫星标记的开发以及在种群遗传多样性评价、家系分析、人工苗种遗传变异监测研究方面的最新进展进行了综述，并阐述了微卫星标记在无效等位基因、大小承异同形性等方面存在的问题。 相似文献
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对大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)进行简化基因组测序,开发二、三、四碱基重复类型的微卫星引物共105对(重复次数≥6),其中可稳定扩增的引物有50对(47.6%),通过多态性分析,发现有38个微卫星位点表现出多态性,从中随机选取三种重复类型微卫星各10对对北江群体进行遗传多样性分析,及各6对对澜沧江大刺鳅群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,(1)在大刺鳅中二碱基重复微卫星位点筛选效率为50%,而三、四碱基重复的筛选效率分别为31.1%、35%。(2)北江群体的平均多态信息含量为0.649,比澜沧江群体(0.572)高,30个微卫星位点在北江群体中共检到235个等位基因,且93.3%的引物表现为高度多态水平,18个微卫星位点在澜沧江群体中共检到120个等位基因,66.7%的引物表现为高度多态水平。(3)二碱基重复的微卫星标记在两个野生群体检出的五项多态性指标高于三、四碱基重复。结果表明,二碱基重复的微卫星比三四碱基重复的微卫星具有更高的筛选效率和多态性,北江群体的遗传多样性比澜沧江群体高,本研究所筛选的引物可以应用于群体间遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱的构建,以及亲缘关系的鉴定等方面,为大刺鳅种质资源保护研究奠定分子基础。 相似文献
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广东沿海杂色鲍养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验选取的7个杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)养殖群体分别来自广东汕头、汕尾、惠东、湛江和徐闻,深圳野生驯养,利用7对微卫星引物对上述群体进行了遗传多样性和群体遗传结构的分析。结果显示:7个位点产生的等位基因数从7～13个不等,共检测到68个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数为9.71个。有效等位基因数的范围为3.8～8.1,平均观测杂合度范围为0.422～0.906,平均期望杂合度范围为0.748～0.917。7个群体的多态信息含量变化范围为0.657～0.883,PIC值均在0.500以上,表现为高度多态性。与两个野生驯养的养殖群体相比,其他5个养殖群体均存在不同程度的遗传多样性降低。AMOVA分析显示,4.79%的遗传变异来自于群体之间,95.21%的变异来自于群体内的个体之间。研究表明,广东沿岸的杂色鲍具有较高的遗传多样性水平,7个群体之间呈现一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
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NIU Sufang ZHAI Yun WU Renxie ZHANG Haoran TIAN Letian DENG Jiaxin XIAO Yao 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):245-255
Decapterus maruadsi is a commercially important species in China, but has been heavily exploited in some areas. There is a growing need to develop microsatellites promoting its genetic research for the adequate management of this ?shery resources. The recently developed speci?c-locus ampli?ed fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq) is an effcient and high-resolution method for genome-wide microsatellite markers discovery. In this study, 28 905 microsatellites(mono-to hexa-nucleotide repeats) were identi?ed using SLAF-seq technology, of which di-nucleotide was the most frequent(13 590, 47.02%), followed by mono-nucleotide(8 138, 28.15%), tri-nucleotide(5 727, 19.81%), tetra-nucleotide(1 104, 3.82%), pentanucleotide(234, 0.81%), and hexa-nucleotide(112, 0.39%). One hundred and thirty-two microsatellite loci(di-and tri-nucleotide) were randomly selected for ampli?cation and polymorphism, of which 49 were highly polymorphic and well-resolved. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.63, ranging from 4 to 25, and allele sizes varied between 110 bp and 309 bp. The observed heterozygosity( Ho) and expected heterozygosity( He) ranged from 0.233 to 1.000 and from 0.374 to 0.959, with mean values of 0.738 and0.836, respectively. The polymorphism information content(PIC) ranged from 0.341 to 0.941(mean=0.806).However, 12 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, transferability tests were also successful in validating the utility of the developed markers in ?ve phylogenetically related species of family Carangidae. A total of 48 microsatellite markers were successfully cross-ampli?ed in Decapterus macarellus, Decapterus macrosoma, Decapterus kurroides, Trachurus japonicus, and Selaroides leptolepis.The present microsatellites provided the ?rst known set of microsatellite DNA markers for D. maruadsi,D. macarellus, D. kurroides, and D. macrosoma, and would be useful for further population genetic and molecular phylogeny studies as well as help with the ?sheries management formulation and implementation of the understudied species. 相似文献
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Pacific whiteleg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) is an economically relevant shrimp species in many Asian countries. The specific objective of the current research was to assess microsatellite markers in screening the fastgrowth of domesticated L. vannamei stocks to establish a founder population for breeding-selection plans. The postlarvae produced by the reproduction of second generation broodstock were cultured in the same conditions throughout a five months growing period. Ninety juvenile shrimp were selected from the slow-, medium- and the fast-growth groups, and ten microsatellite markers were used to investigate their genetic diversity, and to understand the improvement of a breeding-selection scheme. Ten polymorphic loci(markers)(M1–M10) were produced at ten loci in this sample, among them Primer M8 was the highest polymorphic locus and M7 was the lowest one. A specific locus was found in the fast-growth group using Primer M5. The longest genetic distance(0.481) was determined between the fast- and medium-growth groups and the shortest(0.098) was between the slow- and medium-growth groups; therefore, the largest genetic identity(0.946) was observed between the slowand medium-growth groups and the smallest(0.667) was observed between the medium- and fast-growth groups.The Unweighted Paired Group with Arithmetic Average(UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distances provided two different groups; the first consist of the slow- and medium-growth groups and the second the fastgrowth group. Selection response and realized heritability for growth were 11.55% and 31.26%, respectively.Therefore, this set of microsatellite markers would provide a useful tool in shrimp breeding schemes. 相似文献
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漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)养殖群体微卫星座位遗传多态性的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了解漠斑牙鲆群体的遗传背景,并为漠斑牙鲆人工养殖业健康和可持续发展提供理论依据,利用筛选获得的10对微卫星引物对漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)养殖群体进行了群体遗传学分析。该群体等位基因平均数为4.0,平均杂合度为0.597 7。各多态座位的有效等位基因数则为1.7~4.1,多态座位杂合度的观察值为0.291 7~0.958 3,无偏倚期望值范围为0.405 3~0.755 3,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数为-0.451 7~0.346 6。每个座位上的多态信息含量为0.353~0.746,个体识别率为0.176~0.559,非父排除率为0.405~0.755,其累积个体识别率和非父排除率均达到0.999 9和0.993 7,这些座位均属中识别力以上的遗传标记,可以应用于今后的漠斑牙鲆的遗传育种(如雌核发育等)研究。 相似文献
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荧光标记微卫星分析人工饲养中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
分析中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性，采集来自无锡、苏州和上海人工养殖样品102个，运用毛细管电泳检测荧光标记（FAM或HEX）的10个中华绒螯蟹微卫星DNA位点。在所有的3个群体中，单一位点等位基因数从15～42个，平均值为22．9；多态信息含量（PIC）和有效等位基因数（E）分别高达0．826和7．699。结果表明10个位点均为高度多态位点，中华绒螯蟹人工养殖群体具有较高的遗传多样性。欧氏遗传距离、遗传相似性和群体各亚群体内固定系数（Fst）平均值分别为0．439，0．825和0．099，结果显示不同的人工养殖群体之间也存在较大的遗传多样性。除上海群体在同步突变模式（SMM）下，近期不会有瓶颈（P=0．35）；所有群体在SMM和无限等位基因模式（IAM）下均有显著或极显著的瓶颈（P〈0．01或0．05），结果说明科学的品种保护计划的迫切性。本研究首次选择遗传标记微卫星DNA评估中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性，并采用高精度的毛细管电泳检测技术，将对中华绒螯蟹的品种保护和合理利国提倡科学依据。 相似文献
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Genetic connectivity of the coral‐eating sea star Acanthaster planci during the severe outbreak of 2006–2009 in the Society Islands,French Polynesia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nina Yasuda Coralie Taquet Satoshi Nagai Terutoyo Yoshida Mehdi Adjeroud 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):668-678
Occasional population outbreaks of the crown‐of‐thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, are a major threat to coral reefs across the Indo‐Pacific. The presumed association between the serial nature of these outbreaks and the long larval dispersal phase makes it important to estimate larval dispersal; many studies have examined the population genetic structure of A. planci for this purpose using different genetic markers. However, only a few have focused on reef‐scale as well as archipelago‐scale genetic structure and none has used a combination of different genetic markers with different effective population sizes. In our study, we used both mtDNA and microsatellite loci to examine A. planci population genetic structure at multiple spatial scales (from <2 km to almost 300 km) within and among four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Our analysis detected no significant genetic structure based on mtDNA (global FST = ?0.007, P = 0.997) and low levels of genetic structure using microsatellite loci (global FST = 0.006, P = 0.005). We found no significant isolation by distance patterns within the study area for either genetic marker. The overall genetically homogenized pattern found in both the mitochondrial and nuclear loci of A. planci in the Society Archipelago underscores the significant role of larval dispersal that may cause secondary outbreaks, as well as possible recent colonization in this area. 相似文献
17.
黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)是广泛分布于西北太平洋的暖温性中下层经济鱼类,也是我国沿海重要的海洋捕捞鱼类和增养殖对象。然而,目前有关黑棘鲷的微卫星标记研究报道较少,难以对其种质资源状况作出精确评估。本研究采用SLAF-seq技术测序共获得22489个二至六碱基重复的黑棘鲷微卫星序列,短重复序列(二、三碱基)占总微卫星序列的90.8%,长重复序列(四至六碱基)占有9.2%。经过157对随机合成引物的多态性筛选,开发出49个高多态性的黑棘鲷微卫星标记,其中短重复序列位点有25个,长重复序列位点有24个。每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2—20(均值为8.3),观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.097—0.938和0.122—0.922(均值分别为0.663和0.701),多态信息含量(PIC)为0.118—0.897(均值为0.655)。经Bonferroni校正后,有47个位点符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE),各位点间未检测到连锁不平衡现象,仅2个位点偏离HWE。结果表明,所开发的大部分微卫星标记具有高多态性,蕴含的遗传信息含量较为丰富,能够为黑棘鲷的种群遗传资源评估提供数量充足、类型多样的有效分子标记。跨物种扩增结果显示,有43个黑棘鲷微卫星标记可在9种鲷科鱼类中成功扩增,其中28个标记在太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagruspacificus)、黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagruslatus)和澳洲棘鲷(Acanthopagrusaustralis)中具有较好的通用性,2个标记在平鲷(Rhabdosargussarba)、蓝点赤鲷(Pagruscaeruleostictus)、真赤鲷(Pagrusmajor)、二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)及黄牙鲷(Dentex hypselosomus)中具有通用性。这些通用性标记可为阐明鲷科属、种间的系统进化关系和棘鲷属鱼类的群体遗传学分析提供新的标记来源和研究角度。 相似文献
18.
斜带石斑鱼不同地理群体遗传变异的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筛选5时可分析引物对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)台湾群体和广东群体的DNA多态性进行分析.根据电泳检测结果,平均每个引物获得4.2个等位基因,未发现群体的特异位点.获得2个群体平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.672 1和0.682 6,平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.647 9和0.544 4,两群体间的遗传分化系数(F_(ST))为0.011 0.统计结果表明,2个群体有着较高的遗传变异性,群体间的遗传分化程度处于多数海水鱼类的平均水平. 相似文献
19.
The genetic structure of populations is often shaped by the reproductive system and larval properties of the species. The waratah anemone (Actinia tenebrosa) reproduces through both asexual clones, which have very short-distance dispersal, and sexual larvae, which are believed to disperse much greater distances. The impact of this mixed strategy on the New Zealand population structure of Actinia tenebrosa was investigated using microsatellite markers. The analysis incorporated 24 sampling locations from around New Zealand and one Australian location, using four microsatellite markers, n = 420. We observed low connectivity and high genetic differentiation between all locations sampled, with a distinct pattern of isolation by distance. The most distinct grouping of locations sampled was the north-east of the North Island from Cape Reinga to East Cape, which was identified by SAMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses as being moderately diverged from the remainder of the country. A tentative correlation was observed between genetic clustering and biogeographic regionalisation, where the distribution of a number of genetic clusters matched previously defined biogeographic regions. Within each location sampled, large numbers of clones were present and a latitudinal cline was observed in the relative contribution of asexually and sexually generated recruits, with an increase in asexual recruits on the South Island's east coast. 相似文献