共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
A. G. Rodnikov A. G. Gainanov B. V. Yermakov V. M. Kovylin V. A. Seliverstov Ya. B. Smirnov P. A. Stroev Yu. K. Shchukin T. Kato H. Shimamura 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1985,7(3):379-387
The paper presents the results of geological-geophysical research carried out during the Soviet-Japanese cooperative study of the structure and dynamics of the Earth's crust and upper mantle in the transition zone from the Pacific Ocean to the Asian continent. The 300 km deep geological-geophysical section of the tectonosphere (geotraverse) has been compiled on the basis of combined interpretations of seismic, geological, petrographic, gravimetric, magnetometric, electromagnetic and heat flow measurements. Estimates were made of deep temperatures along the geotraverse and of the depths of the partial melting level that can be identified with the upper boundary of the asthenosphere. 相似文献
2.
An analysis of the gravity field and geoid heights allowed us to distinguish a third buried basin filled with sediments located in the southwestern part of the sea in the regions adjacent to the Carlsberg Ridge. From the previously known basins, it is separated by saddles. The saddles correspond to a series of faults and are possibly related to the pulse character of the northwestward prograding of the spreading axes of the Carlsberg Ridge. The continental origin of the Laxmi ridge is confirmed. The results of an analysis of the gravity field and its transformants, together with the two-dimensional density modeling, agree with the possibility of the existence of a spreading type of the crust (I) in the region of the Laxmi Basin. An analysis of the geoid height anomalies allows us to suggest that, with respect to the upper layers of the lithosphere, the Laxmi Ridge is not connected with the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge. 相似文献
3.
南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场及其地壳深部结构特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
分析了南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场特征，计算了研究区重、磁资料的一阶小波细节变换、四阶小波逼近变换。根据重力场资料以及南海北部盆地钻井取样的测试结果，同时参考在研究区进行的地震勘探结果，对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算。结果表明，研究区域地壳结构较为复杂，地壳厚度在17—38km之间，总的趋势由陆向洋地壳厚度逐渐减薄，反映出该区域地壳具有陆壳、过渡壳的性质，同时存在上地幔隆起区及凹陷区。用地震层折成像结果与重力资料计算出的地壳分布趋势进行了对比验证。根据地幔对流结果探讨了研究区深部地球动力学特征及其与深部地壳结构的关系。 相似文献
4.
The recovery of quantities related to the gravity field (i.e., geoid heights and gravity anomalies) is carried out in a test area of the central Mediterranean Sea using 5' × 5' marine gravity data and satellite altimeter data from the Geodetic Mission (GM) of ERS‐J. The optimal combination of the two heterogeneous data sources is performed using (1) the space‐domain least‐squares collocation (LSC) method, and (2) the frequency‐domain input‐output system theory (IOST). The results derived by these methods agree at the level of 2 cm in terms of standard deviation in the case of the geoid height prediction. The gravity anomaly prediction results by the same methods vary between 2.18 and 2.54 mGal in terms of standard deviation. In all cases, the spectral techniques have a much higher computational efficiency than the collocation procedure. In order to investigate the importance of satellite altimetry for gravity field modeling, a pure gravimetric geoid solution, carried out in a previous study for our lest area by the fast collocation approach (FCOL), is used in comparison with the combined geoid models. The combined solutions give more accurate results, at the level of about 15 cm in terms of standard deviation, than the gravimetric geoid solution, when the geoid heights derived by each method are compared with TOPEX altimeter sea surface heights (SSHs). Moreover, nonisotropic power spectral density functions (PSDs) can be easily used by IOST, while LSC requires isotropic covariance functions. The results show that higher prediction accuracies are always obtained when using a priori nonisotropic information instead of isotropic information. 相似文献
5.
G. A. Barth 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1994,16(1):51-64
A multi-channel seismic reflection image shows the reflection Moho dipping toward the Clipperton Fracture Zone in crust 1.4 my old. This seismic line crosses the fracture zone at its eastern intersection with the East Pacific Rise. The seismic observations are made in travel time, not depth. To establish constraints on crustal structure despite the absence of direct velocity determinations in this region, the possible effects of temperature, tectonism, and anomalous lithospheric structure have been considered. Conductive, advective, and frictional heating of the old crust proximal to the ridge-transform intersection can explain <20% of the observed travel-time increase. Heating has a negligible effect on crustal seismic velocity beyond ~10 km from the ridge tip. The transform tectonized zone extends only 6 km from the ridge tip. Serpentinization is unlikely to have thickened the seafloor-to-reflection Moho section in this case. It is concluded that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the 1.4 my old Cocos Plate crust thickens approaching the eastern Clipperton Ridge-Transform Intersection. Increase in thickness must be at least 0.9 km between 22 and 3 km from the fracture zone. 相似文献
6.
A. A. Schreider E. L. Mazo A. A. Bulychev Al. A. Schreider D. A. Gilod M. P. Kulikova 《Oceanology》2011,51(5):866-875
The peculiarities of the crustal structure within the Falkland Basin have been discussed. Maps of the free-air and Bouguer
(2.3 g/cm3) gravity anomalies and their transforms have been made. The complex analysis of the anomalous gravity field has allowed us
to confirm the continental origin of the crust. The zoning of the crust has been performed. The crust is thinned and is enriched
in basic and ultrabasic intrusions. A map demonstrating the distribution of the faults within the studied water area has been
made. A conclusion has been reached about the leading role played by tension processes throughout the evolution of the crust
within the studied water area. 相似文献
7.
Pan Jiayi Wang Junqin Wang Yanfeng Zhang Xinmei Yuan Yeli Zheng Quan''an 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,18(4):523-533
INTRODUCTIONThegeoidistheiargeopotentials~econfidingmostlywiththemeanseasurfaceandisdenotedastheheightrelativetotheidealelliPSes~eoftheearth.Thegeoidundulationsinglobalaceareupto100m.TheunevenstructureOftheearthgivesrisetotheunevenfeatureofthecitysot... 相似文献
8.
Christian Hirt 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):183-202
We apply the residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique for gravity forward-modeling to successfully improve high-resolution global gravity fields at short spatial scales in coastal zones. The RTM scheme is combined with the concept of rock-equivalent topography, allowing to use a single uniform constant mass-density in the RTM forward-modeling, both at land and sea. SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry is merged with higher-resolution SRTM V4.1 land topography, and expanded into spherical harmonics to degree 2160, yielding a new and consistent high-degree RTM reference surface. The forward-modeling performance is demonstrated in coastal zones of Greece and Canada using ground-truth vertical deflections, gravity from land and shipborne gravimetry, and geoid heights from GPS/leveling, with improvements originating from bathymetry clearly identified. We demonstrate that the SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry carries information on gravity field structures at spatial scales less than 5 arc minutes, which can be used to augment EGM2008 in (rugged) coastal zones, both over land and marine areas. This may be of value (i) to partially reduce the signal omission error in EGM2008/GOCE-based height transfer in areas devoid of dense gravity data, (ii) to fill the gap between land gravity and shipborne gravity along rugged coastlines, and (iii) for the development of next-generation altimetric gravity fields. 相似文献
9.
Abstract The contribution of bathymetry to the estimation of gravity field related quantities is investigated in an extended test area in the Mediterranean Sea. The region is located southwest of the island of Crete, Greece, bounded between 33? ≤ ? ≤ 35? and 15? ≤ λ ≤ 25?. Gravity anomalies from the KMS99 gravity field and shipborne depth soundings are used with a priori statistical characteristics of depths in a least-squares collocation procedure to estimate a new bathymetry model. Two different global bathymetry models, namely JGP95E and Sandwell and Smith V8, are used to derive the depth a priori statistical information, while the estimated model is compared against both the global ones and the shipborne depth soundings to assess whether there is an improvement. Various marine geoid models are estimated using ERS1 and GEOSAT Geodetic Mission altimetry and shipborne gravity data. In that process, the effect of the bathymetry is computed using both the estimated and the original depths through a residual terrain modeling reduction. The TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface Heights, known for their high accuracy and precision, and the GEOMED solution for the geoid in the Mediterranean are used as control for the validation of the new geoid models and to assess the improvement that the estimated depths offer to geoid modeling. The results show that the newly estimated bathymetry agrees better (by about 30 to 300 m) with the shipborne depth soundings and provides smoother residual geoid heights and gravity anomalies (by about 8–20%) than those from global models. Finally, the achieved accuracy in geoid modeling ranges between 6 and 10 cm (1σ). 相似文献
10.
以南桑威奇俯冲带为例,根据EGM2008超高阶地球重力场模型、卫星重力数据为基础,利用移去-恢复原理计算了研究区大地水准面,实现了研究区不同场源深度大地水准面异常信息的分离,根据Runcorn模型计算了研究区小尺度地幔对流应力场,并结合天然地震空间展布和前人研究成果,对俯冲带结构特征与地幔对流模式进行了探讨。结果表明:南桑威奇俯冲带具有俯冲倾角较大、地震震级较低、弧前侵蚀明显等典型的马里亚纳型俯冲带特征,俯冲带南北部俯冲深度存在明显差异,中段偏北俯冲深度可达500 km;受到软流圈与上地幔上部物质密度差异的控制,东斯科舍海脊下存在沿海脊轴向南流动强地幔流;俯冲带结构与小尺度地幔对流应力场具有很强的相关性。本研究对于搞清南桑威奇俯冲带深部构造特征,理解俯冲运动、地幔对流方向及其动力控制机制提供了新的研究思路和方法。 相似文献
11.
Lithospheric structure below the eastern Arabian Sea and adjoining West Coast of India based on integrated analysis of gravity and seismic data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four uniformly spaced regional gravity traverses and the available seismic data across the western continental margin of India, starting from the western Indian shield extending into the deep oceanic areas of the eastern Arabian Sea, have been utilized to delineate the lithospheric structure. The seismically constrained gravity models along these four traverses suggest that the crustal structure below the northern part of the margin within the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) is significantly different from the margin outside the DVP. The lithosphere thickness, in general, varies from 110–120 km in the central and southern part of the margin to as much as 85–90 km below the Deccan Plateau and Cambay rift basin in the north. The Eastern basin is characterised by thinned rift stage continental crust which extends as far as Laxmi basin in the north and the Laccadive ridge in the south. At the ocean–continent transition (OCT), crustal density differences between the Laxmi ridge and the Laxmi basin are not sufficient to distinguish continental as against an oceanic crust through gravity modeling. However, 5-6 km thick oceanic crust below the Laxmi basin is a consistent gravity option. Significantly, the models indicate the presence of a high density layer of 3.0 g/cm3 in the lower crust in almost whole of the northern part of the region between the Laxmi ridge and the pericontinental northwest shield region in the DVP, and also below Laccadive ridge in the southern part. The Laxmi ridge is underlain by continental crust upto a depth of 11 km and a thick high density material (3.0 g/cm3) between 11–26 km. The Pratap ridge is indicated as a shallow basement high in the upper part of the crust formed during rifting. The 15 –17 km thick oceanic crust below Laccadive ridge is seen further thickened by high density underplated material down to Moho depths of 24–25 km which indicate formation of the ridge along Reunion hotspot trace. 相似文献
12.
New data about the structure of the anomalous magnetic field in the central part of the Kuril-Kamchatka island arc were obtained during cruise 37 of R/V Akademik Lavrent’ev in 2005. In order to study the deep geological and tectonic structure of this seismically hazardous area, calculations of the depths of the sources of magnetic anomalies with the use of the method of space-frequency analysis of the field were carried out. Transformations of the magnetic field were executed and a part of the samples dredged were petromagnetically examined. An analysis of the data obtained suggests the mainly block-wise structure of the research area. The fracture zones that border the blocks were recognized; the width of the tectonic blocks varies from 10 to 100 km. The most typical extension of the blocks is 25–30 km. In the central part of the region, an extensive V-shaped zone of a negative anomalous field is distinguished together with conjugated intensive positive magnetic anomalies that represent the boundaries of a tentative zone of extension. At the flanks of this zone and on its central rise, areas of manifestations of volcanic activity are outlined. 相似文献
13.
Results of the analysis and interpretation of the records of 17 ocean bottom seismometers designed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (a three-component geophone and a hydrophone), installed with an interval of 10–20 km along a profile in the transition zone from the Baltic shield to the Barents Sea basin are presented. The studies were carried out in 1995 from R/V Professor Kurentsov. An air gun with a chamber volume of 80 1 was used as the source of seismic waves with a shooting interval of 250 m. The longest range of records of deep refracted and wide-angle reflected waves (up to 300 km) was reached with the hydrophones. Two-dimensional seismic modeling allowed us to refine the earlier versions of the seismic cross section of the earth’s crust and uppermost mantle in the study region. New data confirmed that, in the central area of the Barents Sea, the “granitic-metamorphic” layer of the crust with a seismic velocity of 6.2 km/s typical of the Baltic Shield is absent. In this region, a thin consolidated crust with a seismic velocity of 6.8 km/s is covered with a thick (more than 25 km) sedimentary layer. In this layer, a local low-velocity zone probably exists, which causes a strong attenuation of the “crustal” waves. 相似文献
14.
The central equatorial Pacific is interesting for studying clues to upper mantle processes, as the region lacks complicating effects of continental remnants or major volcanic plateaus. In particular, the most recently produced maps of the free-air gravity field from satellite altimetry show in greater detail the previously reported lineaments west of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) that are aligned with plate motion over the mantle and originally suggested to have formed from mantle convection rolls. In contrast, the gravity field 600 km or farther west of the EPR reveals lineaments with varied orientations. Some are also parallel with plate motion over the mantle but others are sub-parallel with fracture zones or have other orientations. This region is covered by pelagic sediments reaching ~?500–600 m thickness so bathymetry is not so useful for seeking evidence for plate deformation across the lineaments. We instead use depth to basement from three seismic reflection cruises. In some segments of these seismic data crossing the lineaments, we find that the co-variation between gravity and basement depth is roughly compatible with typical densities of basement rocks (basalt, gabbro or mantle), as expected for some explanations for the lineaments (e.g., mantle convection rolls, viscous asthenospheric inter-fingering or extensional deformation). However, some other lineaments are associated with major changes in basement depth with only subtle changes in the gravity field, suggesting topography that is locally supported by varied crustal thickness. Overall, the multiple gravity lineament orientations suggest that they have multiple origins. In particular, we propose that a further asthenospheric inter-fingering instability mechanism could occur from pressure variations in the asthenosphere arising from regional topography and such a mechanism may explain some obliquely oriented gravity lineaments that have no other obvious origin. 相似文献
15.
M. E. Artemjev T. M. Babaeva V. O. Mikhailo I. E. Voydetsky 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):129-148
All anomalous masses of the Earth are reflected in the free air gravity anomalies and the geoidal undulations. The low viscosity
of the asthenosphere significantly reduces the possibility of existence of density inhomogeneities in the layer. This fact
provides some physical basis for the separation of the gravity field anomalies. It has been shown by power spectrum analysis
of the free air anomalies and gravity field of isostatically compensated model of the lithosphere for the North Atlantic and
adjacent areas of America, Europe and Mediterranean, that the attraction of isostatically compensated model is significant
for any wave length of the field. It causes significant error in the interpretation if long wavelength constituents of the
free air gravity anomalies are considered as a field of deep anomalous masses. The isostatic anomalies und isostatic geoid
are free from the influences of isostatically compensated lithosphere. The characteristic feature of the isostatic anomalies
power spectrum is a pronounced minimum at the wavelength of about 1000 km. The relative homogeneity of the asthenosphere may
explain this minimum. It means that principal density inhomogeneities of the Earth's interior are separated by the asthenospheric
layer. Such a minimum has not been observed at the power spectrum of free air anomalies being masked by corresponding wavelength
of the field of isostatically compensated lithosphere. Isostatic anomalies that reflect the differences between the real structure
of the lithosphere and its isostatically compensated model have wavelengths less than 1000 km. Isostatic anomalies with the
wavelength more than 1000 km reflect the attraction of density inhomogeneities situated under the level of isostatic compensation.
The basic features of power spectrum of isostatic anomalies are the same for oceanic and continental areas. The method based
on Kolmogorov-Wiener filtration which consideres statistical characteristics of the field has been developed to divide the
isostatic gravity anomalies into lithosphere and mantle components. For the North Atlantic and adjacent areas the field of
mantle inhomogeneities has been determined. 相似文献
16.
The contribution of bathymetry to the estimation of gravity field related quantities is investigated in an extended test area in the Mediterranean Sea. The region is located southwest of the island of Crete, Greece, bounded between 33ˆ ≤ ϕ ≤ 35ˆ and 15ˆ ≤ λ ≤ 25ˆ. Gravity anomalies from the KMS99 gravity field and shipborne depth soundings are used with a priori statistical characteristics of depths in a least-squares collocation procedure to estimate a new bathymetry model. Two different global bathymetry models, namely JGP95E and Sandwell and Smith V8, are used to derive the depth a priori statistical information, while the estimated model is compared against both the global ones and the shipborne depth soundings to assess whether there is an improvement. Various marine geoid models are estimated using ERS1 and GEOSAT Geodetic Mission altimetry and shipborne gravity data. In that process, the effect of the bathymetry is computed using both the estimated and the original depths through a residual terrain modeling reduction. The TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface Heights, known for their high accuracy and precision, and the GEOMED solution for the geoid in the Mediterranean are used as control for the validation of the new geoid models and to assess the improvement that the estimated depths offer to geoid modeling. The results show that the newly estimated bathymetry agrees better (by about 30 to 300 m) with the shipborne depth soundings and provides smoother residual geoid heights and gravity anomalies (by about 8-20%) than those from global models. Finally, the achieved accuracy in geoid modeling ranges between 6 and 10 cm (1σ). 相似文献
17.
18.
Rifting to Spreading Process along the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Understanding the development from syn-rift to spreading in the South China Sea (SCS) is important in elucidating the western Pacific's tectonic evolution because the SCS is a major tectonic constituent of the many marginal seas in the region. This paper describes research examining the transition from rifting to spreading along the northern margin of the SCS, made possible by the amalgamation of newly acquired and existing geophysical data. The northernmost SCS was surveyed as part of a joint Japan-China cooperative project (JCCP) in two phases in 1993 and 1994. The purpose of the investigation was to reveal seismic and magnetic characteristics of the transitional zone between continental crust and the abyssal basin. Compilation of marine gravity and geomagnetic data of the South China Sea clarify structural characteristics of its rifted continental and convergent margins, both past and present. Total and three component magnetic data clearly indicate the magnetic lineations of the oceanic basin and the magnetic characteristics of its varied margins. The analyses of magnetic, gravity and seismic data and other geophysical and geological information from the SCS led up to the following results: (1) N-S direction seafloor spreading started from early Eocene. There were at least four separate evolutional stages. Directions and rates of the spreading are fluctuating and unstable and spreading continued from 32 to 17 Ma. (2) The apparent difference in the present tectonism of the eastern and western parts of Continent Ocean Boundary (COB) implies that in the east of the continental breakup is governed by a strike slip faulting. (3) The seismic high velocity layer in the lower crust seems to be underplated beneath the stretched continental crust. (4) Magnetic anomaly of the continental margin area seems to be rooted in the uppermost sediment and upper part of lower crust based on the tertiary volcanism. (5) Magnetic quiet zone (MQZ) anomaly in the continental margin area coincides with COB. (6) The non-magnetic or very weakly magnetized layer is probably responsible for MQZ. One of the causes of demagnetization of the layer is due to hydrothermal alteration while high temperature mantle materials being underplated. Another explanation is that horizontal sequences of basalt each with flip-flop magnetization polarity cancel out to the resultant magnetic field on the surface. We are currently developing a synthetic database system containing datasets of seismicity, potential field data, crustal and thermal structures, and other geophysical data to facilitate the study of past, contemporary and future changes in the deep sea environment around Japan; i.e. trench, trough, subduction zones, marginal basins and island arcs. Several special characteristics are an object-oriented approach to the collection and multi-faceted studies of global data from a variety of sources. 相似文献
19.
A detailed gravimetric geoid around Japan has been computed on the basis of 30’ × 30’ block mean free‐air gravity anomalies and GSFC GEM‐8 geopotential coefficient set. The 30’ × 30’ block means were read from various gravity maps around Japan, and the block means have been compiled into the JHDGF‐1 gravity file. Since the gravity file is restricted around Japan (see Figure 1), additional gravity data are needed to perform the Stokes’ integration in the cap with radius ψ0 = 20°. The 1° × 1° block gravity means have been used outside the JHDGF‐1 region. The remarkable features of the gravimetric geoid occur over the trench areas. The geoidal dents over the trenches amount to ‐20~ ‐25 m in comparison with the geoidal heights in the land areas of Japan. The mean error of the 30’ × 30’ detailed gravimetric geoid obtained is estimated to be around 1.4 m, and the relative undulation of the geoid between the distance of a few hundred kilometers may be more accurate. 相似文献
20.
Gravimetric geoid heights and gravimetric vertical deflections have been detemined for Europe including the Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Baltic Sea and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean in a 12′×20′ grid. The computation has been carried out by least squares spectral combination using closed integral formulas, combining 104 000 mean free air gravity anomalies in 6′×10′ blocks, 12 000 mean free air gravity anomalies in 10×10 blocks and the sherical harmonic model GEM9. The precision of the computed geoid heights has been estimated to ±1 m, the precision of the computed vertical deflections has been estimated to ±2″. Comparisons of the gravimetric geoid heights and vertical deflections with a number of other solutions have been carried out, confirming the precision estimation. 相似文献